UNIVERSAL SCHOOL PIERRE AND MARIE CURIE

CELEBRATING OUR 25TH ANNIVERSARY

I QUARTER 2021-2022
Grade: 11 Lesson File Nº: 4

Subject: Mathematical Unit: 1. Pre-Algebra and Statistics

Reasoning

Teacher: Elián Topics: 1.3 Statistics and Probability

Bustamante 1.3.1 Measures of Central Tendency
1.3.2 Measures of Variation
1.3.3 Representing Data in Tables and Graphs
1.3.4 Analyzing Tables and Graphs

Value: 100 points Start date: Monday, September 6, 2021

Time: 4 periods Due date: Friday, September 10, 2021, at 11:59 pm

Learning Objectives:
1 Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable.
2 Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center and spread of two
or more different data sets.

Lesson Summary:
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean, median and mode are called measures of center because they are statistics that describe the center
of a set of data.
For the mean, you need to add up all the data and divide that addition by the total amount of data.
For the median, you need to order the numbers from least to greatest and pick the one in the middle. If
there’s an even number of data, you need to add the two numbers in the middle and divide them by 2.
For the mode, you need to find the most repeated number(s).
Example 1: Find the mean, median and mode for the data.
∑ 𝑥𝑖
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 =
#𝑥𝑖
53 + 27 + 18 + 14 + 12 + 27 + 13 + 16 + 18 + 36 234
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = =
10 10
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 23.4

𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 = 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 18,27, 27, 36, 53

18 + 18
𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 =
2
𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 18

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𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒆 = 18 𝑎𝑛𝑑 27, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ.

In class exercise:
1. Find the mean, mode and median for: 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 10, 15, 2

When asked to analyze a set of data is best to use:

Mean: The data have no extreme values (values that are much greater or much less than the rest of the
data)
Median: The data has extreme values and there’s no big gaps in the middle of the data.
Mode: Data have many repeated values.

The measures of central tendency are also useful to compare two or more sets of data.

Example 2: The table shows the water usage of a household during the same eight months for two
years. Compare the mean usage and the median usage.

Step 1: Find the mean of each data set.

12 + 21 + 18 + 29 + 44 + 49 + 38 + 32
𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟎: = 30.375
8
14 + 20 + 15 + 21 + 27 + 30 + 19 + 18
𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟏: = 20.5
8
Step 2: Find the median of each data set.
𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟎: 12, 18, 21, 29, 32, 28, 44, 49

29+32 61
𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = = = 30.5
2 2
𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟏: 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 27, 30

19 + 20 39
𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = = = 19.5
2 2
Step 3: Compare each measure
The mean usage in 2011 was 2050 gallons, is less than the mean usage in 2010, 3037.5 gallons. The median
usage in 2011, 1950 gallons, is less than the median usage in 2010, 3050 gallons.
Using either measure, water usage was less in 2011 than in 2010.

In class exercise:
2. The Hernandez and the Cisneros are neighbors. The ages of the Hernandez family members are
47, 50, 22, 20 and 18. The ages of the Cisneros family members are 42, 35, 9, 5, 4, 78 and 2.
Compare the mean and the median ages of the two families.

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Measures of Variation
Or measures of variability, they are used to describe the distribution of the data. Among the measure of
variations there is:
Range: The range of a set of data is the difference between the greatest and the least values of the set. It
gives us a sense of the data being spread or clustered together.
Example 3: Find the range for the following set of data:
The ages in years of Mrs. Espinoza’s grandchildren are: 27, 8, 5, 19, 21, 10, 4 and 21.
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 27 − 4
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 23 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

In class exercise:
3. The cost in dollars of DVDs: 25, 45, 60, 5, 15, 9, 10, 87, 5 and 12.
4. The numbers of students in a class: 24, 26, 17 and 19.

Quartiles: Are the values that divide the data into four parts. Recall that the median of a set of data
separated the set in a half. When calculating quartiles, if the set of data is an odd number, the median is
not taken in consideration.
The first quartile or 𝑸𝟏 is the median of the lower half of a set of data.
The first quartile or 𝑸𝟑 is the median of the upper half of a set of data.
Interquartile range: Is the range of the middle half of a set of data. It’s the difference between the third
quartile and the first quartile.
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
Outliers: Data that are more than 1.5 times the value of the interquartile range beyond the quartiles are
called outliers. Once you have calculated the interquartile range and multiplied by 1.5, you subtract it
from the first quartile and add it to the third quartile. Any data outside those results is considered an
outlier.

Example 4: Find the range, median, first quartile, third quartile, interquartile range and outliers.
The best thing to do first is to rearrange the numbers from least to greatest.
0, 24, 31, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 61
𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 = 61 − 0 = 61
𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 = 34
24+31 65
𝑭𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒆 = = = 27.5
2 2
38+39 77
𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒅 𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒆 = = = 38.5
𝟐 2
𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 = 38.5 − 27.5 = 11
𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒓 = 11 ∗ 1.5 = 16.5, 𝑠𝑜 27.5 − 16.5 = 11 𝑎𝑛𝑑 38.5 + 16.5 = 55
0 and 61 are outliers.
In class exercise:
4. Juan’s paper airplane tosses (ft): 40, 44, 45, 35, 39, 53, 25, 38

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Representing Data in Tables and Graphs
Representing Data with Dot Plots: A dot plot is a diagram that shows the frequency of data on a number
line. Dot plots are also called line plots. When data are represented as a dot plot, the gaps and clusters of
the data become more apparent.
Example 5: Represent the data as a dot plot.
2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 6, 1, 2, 0, 2, 5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 9, 9
As usual, the problem becomes easier if we first rearrange the data in order.

Frequency Table: It uses tally marks to record and display frequencies of events.
Representing Data with Bar Graphs: A bar graph compares categories of data with bars representing
frequencies. Bar graphs are often used when the data are discrete, which means that the data belong in
specific categories and there are no “in between” values. This is indicated with a space in between the
bars.
Example 5: Make a bar graph to display the data gathered from a survey of students about their
favorite sport.

It’s easy to arrange these frequencies in a bar graph. The scale is up to the drawer, and the order too. The
graph just needs to be as accurate as possible.

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Representing Data with Histograms: A histogram is a type of bar graph used to display numerical data
that have been organized into equal intervals. Each interval is represented by an interval called bin. A
histogram represents continous data, so the bins should have no space between them.
Example 6: Make a histogram of the frequency

The histogram for this information would look like this:

Activities:
Exercises:
Find the mean, median and mode for each set of data.
1. 6, 3, 3, 12, 13, 15, 7 4. 2.5, 4.0, 8.7, 3.3, 3.3, 5.2
2. 202, 195, 219, 220 5. 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1
3. 21, 23, 39, 44, 27, 25, 28, 30 6. 87, 85, 87, 87, 87
Solve the following exercise
7. The following set of data shows the number of canned goods collected by each grade at Del
Cerro Elementary 316, 305, 111, 295, 325, 322. Which measure of center best represents the data?
Justify your selection and then find the measure of center.
Find the measures of variability for each set of data. (Range, quartiles, interquartile range, outliers)
8. 7, 9, 21, 8, 13, 19 12. 33, 34, 27, 40, 38, 35
9. 37, 29, 42, 33, 31, 36, 40 13. 87, 72, 104, 94, 85, 71, 80, 98
10. 92, 89, 124, 114, 98, 118, 115, 106, 101, 149 14. 67, 34, 38, 42, 51, 58, 60, 45
11. 4.3, 1.9, 6.3, 5.1, 2.1, 1.6, 2.4, 5.6, 5.9, 3.5 15. 12.7, 5.8, 4.9, 10.1, 10.4, 9.8, 18.9

16. 17.

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For Exercises 18-21, use the data in the table showing the calories burned by a 125-pound person.

18. Which activity burns the most calories per hour?

The least per hour?

19. What is the range of the data?

20. What is the interquartile range of the data?

21. Are there any outliers?

Make the required graph for each exercise.

22. The ages of the members of an orchestra are 39, 43, 31, 53, 41, 25, 35, 46, 27, 34, 37, 26, 51,
29, 36, 40, 33, 28, 48, 26, 42, and 38 years. Make a histogram of the data.

23. To prepare her grocery list, Ivy asked everyone coming to the family reunion what their favorite
fruit is. 50 said banana, 55 apple, 10 kiwi, 35 mango and 25 grapes. Make a bar graph of the data.

24. In certain farm, there are different types of apples. Granny Smith 48, Gala 36, Fiji 60, Rome 44,
Pink Lady 72. Make a bar graph of the data.

25. The lengths of alien arms are: 97, 95, 96, 95, 98, 99, 98, 96, 99, 95, 96, 97. Make a line plot.

26. The following data points represent the length of each song Roy the Rooster sang each morning
since he changed barns: 2.2, 5.1, 5.7, 8.2, 2.2, 7.4, 4.3, 5.6, 8.5. Make a histogram.
Assessment:
Exercises:
Solve the ODD-numbered exercises from 1 to 21. Solve all exercises from 22 to 26.
Learning Outcome:
Students will be able to:
• Represent data with plots on the real number line (dot plots, histograms, and bar graphs).
• Describe and compare different data sets using measures of central tendency and variability,
including outliers

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