IES ORDOÑO II PHYSICAL EDUCATION 1

3º ESO PHYSICAL EDUCATION 1 st TERM

BASKETBALL

Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score
points against one another by propelling a ball through a 3 m high hoop under organized
rules. 
Points are scored by shooting the ball through the basket above; the team with more
points at the end of the game wins. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it
(dribbling) or passing it between teammates. 

1. Equipment

The only essential equipment in basketball is the basketball and the court: a flat,
rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends. A regulation basketball court is 28 by
15 meters:
- Centre line, side lines and back lines.
- Free throw line (4,5 m) and 3-point line (6,75 m).
- Free throw lane: “Key”
A steel basket with net and backboard hang over each end of the court. The top of the rim
is 3.05 m above the court and 1.2 m inside the backline.
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2. Rules and regulations

Playing regulations:

• Games are played in four quarters of 10 minutes.

• 15 minutes are allowed for a half-time break, and 2 minutes are allowed at the other
breaks.
• Teams exchange baskets for the second half (third quarter).
• The time allowed is actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active.
Therefore, games generally take much longer to complete than the allotted game time,
typically about two hours.
• 5 players from each team may be on the court at one time.
• Substitutions are unlimited but can only be done when play is stopped.
• 1 time-out is allowed in each quarter and 2 in the fourth (clock stoppages requested by a
coach for a short meeting with the players).

3. Violations

The ball must stay within the court; the last team to touch the ball before it travels out of
bounds forfeits possession.
A violation of these rules results in loss of possession:
- The ball-handler may not move both feet without dribbling: travelling.
- The ball-handler may not dribble with both hands or catch the ball in between dribbles:
double dribbling.
- A player's hand cannot be under the ball while dribbling: carrying the ball.
- The ball may not be kicked nor struck with the fist.
- A team, once having established ball control in the front half of the court, may not return
the ball to the backcourt and have to pass the ball to the front half in no more than 8
seconds (backcourt violation).
- There are 24 seconds for a team to attempt a shot.
- A player can not hold the ball more than 5 seconds.
- The offense can not remain in the “Key” for more than 3 seconds.

4. Fouls

An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is illegal and

is called a foul.
Players who are fouled either receive the ball to pass inbounds again, or receive two or
three free throws if they are fouled in the act of shooting (three is they were shooting back
the 3-point line). One point is awarded for making a free throw.
If a team exceeds a certain limit of team fouls in a given period (5 in a quarter or 10 in a
half), the opposing team is awarded two free throws on all subsequent fouls for that period.
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5. Common techniques and practices

Dribbling
Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously, and is a requirement  for a player
to take steps with the ball. To dribble, a player pushes the ball down towards the ground
rather than patting it; this ensures greater control. 

When dribbling past an opponent, the dribbler should dribble with the hand farthest
from the opponent, making it more difficult for the defensive player to get to the ball. It is
therefore important for a player to be able to dribble competently with both hands and
without watching the ball.
There are two types of dribbling or bouncing:
● Speed or high dribbling: It’s used when advancing quickly. The ball rises above the
waist. It is also pushed on top and from behind to propel it forward and to one side of the
body.
● Low dribbling is used against a close opponent. The player has his/her legs half bent
and the ball is bounced vertically with the hand that is further away from the defender.

Speed or high dribbling Low dribbling

Passing

A pass is a method of moving the ball between players. Most passes are accompanied
by a step forward to increase power and are followed through with the hands to ensure
accuracy. The crucial aspect of any good pass is being impossible to intercept.

● Chest pass: The ball is passed directly from the passer's chest to the receiver's chest. A
proper chest pass involves an outward snap of the thumbs to add velocity and leaves the
defence little time to react.
● Bounce pass: The passer bounces the ball crisply about two-thirds of the way from his
own chest to the receiver. The ball strikes the court and bounces up toward the receiver.
The bounce pass takes longer to complete than the chest pass, but it is also harder for the
opposing team to intercept. Thus, players often use the bounce pass in crowded moments,
or to pass around a defender.
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● Overhead pass: is used to pass the ball over a defender. The ball is released while over
the passer's head.

Chest pass Overhead pass Bounce pass

● Outlet pass: occurs after a team gets a defensive rebound. The next pass after the
rebound is the outlet pass.
● Behind-the-back pass: involves throwing the ball behind the passer's back to a
teammate.

Shooting

Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the
basket.
The player should be positioned facing the basket with feet about shoulder-width apart,
knees slightly bent, and back straight. The player holds the ball to rest in the dominant
hand's fingertips (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with the other hand on the
side of the ball. To aim the ball, the player's elbow should be aligned vertically, with the
forearm facing in the direction of the basket. The ball is shot by bending and extending the
knees and extending the shooting arm to become straight; the ball rolls off the finger tips
while the wrist completes a full downward flex motion. Generally, the non-shooting arm is
used only to guide the shot, not to power it. 

Common shots:

● The set shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the floor, typically
used for free throws.
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● The jump shot is taken while in mid-air, near the top of the jump. This provides much
greater power and range, and it also allows the player to elevate over the defender.

● The layup requires the player to be in motion toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up"
and into the basket, typically off the backboard.

● The slam dunk in which the player jumps very high, and throws the ball downward,
straight through the hoop.

Rebounding
The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a
missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard. This plays a
major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot. 

There are two categories of rebounds:

● Offensive rebounds, in which the ball is recovered by the offensive side and does not
change possession. 
● Defensive rebounds, in which the defending team gains possession of the loose ball.

The majority of rebounds are defensive, as the team on defense  tends to be in better
position to recover missed shots. 
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Blocking

A block is performed when, after a shot is attempted, a defender attempts to alter the
shot by touching the ball. In almost all variants of play, it is illegal to touch the ball after it is
in the downward part of its arc. It is also illegal to block a shot after it has touched the
backboard, or when any part of the ball is directly above the rim. 

To block a shot, a player has to be able to reach a point higher than where the shot is
released. Thus, height can be an advantage in blocking.