BASICS

HISTORY
• Basketball was invented in 1891 at Springfield
College, Springfield Massachusetts, by Canadian
born Dr. James Naismith.
• The game was invented in an effort to find a sport that
could be played indoors during the long cold winter
months.
• It became an adaptation of many games of its time,
including American rugby (passing), English rugby
(the jump ball), lacrosse (use of a goal), soccer (the
shape and size of the ball), and something called duck
on a rock, a game Naismith had played with his
childhood friends in Bennie’s Corners, Ontario. Duck
on a rock used a ball and a goal that could not be
rushed. The goal could not be slammed through,
thus necessitating “a goal with a horizontal opening
high enough so that the ball would have to be tossed
into it, rather than being thrown.”
• In its initial stages, the game was played with a
soccer ball and peach baskets that were fastened
10 feet above the ground.
• Several years later, the baskets were constructed
to allow the ball to fall to the floor.
MECHANICS OF
BASKETBALL
PLAYING AREA
 PLAYER POSITIONS
• Center
The center is the tallest player on each team, playing near the
basket. On offense, the center tries to score on close shots and
rebound. But on defense, the center tries to block opponents’
shots and rebound their misses.
• Power Forward
The power forward does many of the things a center does,
playing near the basket while rebounding and defending taller
players. But power forwards also take longer shots than centers.
• Small Forward
The small forward plays against small and large players. They
roam all over on the court. Small forwards can score from long
shots and close ones.
• Point Guard
The point guard runs the offense and usually is the team’s
best dribbler and passer. The point guard defends the
opponent’s point guard and tries to steal the ball.
• Shooting Guard
The shooting guard is usually the team’s best shooter. The
shooting guard can make shots from long distance and also is a
good dribbler.
 THE
• Basketball is a team sport.
• Two teams with five players each that tries to score by shooting
a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground.
• The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and
there is a hoop at each end.
• To start the game, an official tosses the ball up (Jump Ball)
between two opponents who stand in the smaller circle. All
other players may take any position they wish, outside the
larger center circle.
• If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind
the mid-court line, it has ten seconds to get the ball
over the mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense
gets the ball.
• Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-
court line, it can no longer have possession of the ball
in the area behind the midcourt line. If it does, the
defense is awarded the ball.
• The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by
passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is called
the offense. The team without the ball is called the
defense.
• The defense tries to steal the ball, contest shots, deflect
passes, and garner rebounds.
GAME CLOCK
• The GAME CLOCK in basketball keeps track of the amount of
time in the current half or quarter during a game.
• The game clock differs between the NBA and NCAA. NCAA
plays two 20 minute halves while the NBA plays four 12 minute
quarters.
• The game clock is mainly stopped through timeouts called by
coaches, players, or referees, however, fouls or other stoppages
can occur that halt the game clock.
• If the score is tied at the end of regulation, then overtime
periods of various lengths are played until a winner emerges.
 POINTS
• When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes
to the other team.
• If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then
that basket is worth three points. A free throw is worth one point.
• Free throws are awarded to a team according to some formats
involving the number of fouls committed in a half and/or the type of
foul committed.
• Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws being
awarded the shooter, depending upon where he was when he shot. If
he was beyond the three-point line, then he gets three shots.
• Other types of fouls do not result in free throws being
awarded until a certain number have accumulated during a
half (called “team fouls”).
• Once that number is reached, then the player who was
fouled is awarded a '1-and-1' opportunity. If he makes his
first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If he misses the
first shot, the ball is live on the rebound.
 FOULS AND VIOLATIONS
Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal
physical contact.
• Hitting
• Pushing
• Slapping
• Holding
• Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving.
When an offensive player sticks out a limb and makes
physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block
the path of the defender.
• Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while being fouled, then he
gets two free throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his
shot does go in.
• Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a
three-point goal and they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while
shooting a three-point shot and makes it anyway, he is awarded one free
throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play.
• Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the
foul was committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or
baseline, out of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the
court.
• One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the
game, then the player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he
makes his first shot, then he is awarded another free throw.
• Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls,
then the fouled player receives two free throws.
• Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a
player pushes or runs over a defensive player. The ball
is given to the team that the foul was committed
upon.
• Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting
from a defender not establishing position in time to
prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
• Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This
includes hitting, kicking, and punching. This type of
foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining
possession of the ball after the free throws.
• Intentional foul. When a player makes physical
contact with another player with no reasonable effort
to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
• Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can
commit this type of foul. It does not involve player
contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners'
of the game. Foul language, obscenity, obscene
gestures, and even arguing can be considered a
technical foul, as can technical details regarding filling
in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-
ups.
VIOLATIONS
• Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without
dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've
stopped dribbling is traveling.
• Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too
far to the side of or, sometimes, even under the ball.
• Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the
same time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a
double dribble.
• Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain
possession of the ball at the same time. In order to avoid a
prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and
awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.
• Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on
the way down toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward
the basket after having touched the backboard, or while it's in the
cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If
committed by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is
awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.
• Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across
the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line during
possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass
inbounds.
• Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds
has five seconds to pass the ball. If he does not, then
the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time
restrictions include the rule that a player cannot have
the ball for more than five seconds when being closely
guarded and, in some states and levels, shot-clock
restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a
given time frame. 3 second violation - is a rule that says that a player
cannot stay inside the paint for more than 3 consecutive seconds. There are 2
different types of three second violations; defense and offence. An offensive three
sec violation is called by referees when a player whose team is in control of the ball
stays in the paint for longer than 3 seconds without trying to actively score. In the
defensive three sec violation, a player cannot stay for three consecutive seconds
inside the paint if not guarding an offensive player. The count starts when a
player’s foot first enters the area, and it ends when both feet are out of it.
Basic Basketball Skills
Skills: Offense
Shooting
• consists of launching the ball toward the basket in an
arcing motion with the purpose of it going in and
scoring points. When shooting, keep your eyes on the
target, place the ball on your fingertips (not the palm),
place your feet shoulder width apart, place your
elbow under the ball, and then follow through and
hold the finish.
Types of Shooting (Basic Variations)
- Set Shot
- Hook Shot
- Lay-up Shot
- Jump Shot
- Slam Dunk
Offensive Rebounding
• is obtained when the team that just shot the ball
misses and then recaptures the ball again. As a
general rule it is tougher for a player to get an
offensive rebound than a defensive rebound because
after a shot misses the opposing team's players are
closer to the basket and in a better position to grab
the ball.
Passing
• A pass happens when one player throws the ball to
another player with the purpose of setting up a play
or taking a shot. In basketball there are two main
types of passing. The first type happens when one
player throws another player the ball and the
receiving player then scores a basket. The player who
threw the ball gets credit for an assist.
Type of Pass (Basic Variations)
- Chest Pass
- Hook Pass
- Bounce Pass
- Overhead Pass
- One-hand Pass
Dribbling
• is the art of bouncing the ball up and down off the
floor with one hand, in order to advance the ball up
the court. It is illegal to touch the ball with both hands
simultaneously, a.k.a double dribbling. While
dribbling, a player should protect the ball to prevent
the defender from stealing it. Tips for dribbling
include: not looking at the ball, pounding the ball
hard, and using the free arm as a shield.
Skills: Defense
Blocking
• The block is another spectacular crowd favorite. It
occurs when the offensive player shoots and the
defender swats the ball away, blocking its trajectory to
the basket and preventing any points from being
scored.
Stealing
• The steal, or taking the ball away from an opposing
player to gain possession for your own team, requires
quick hands and great timing. A player can steal a pass
out of midair or from the other team while someone
is dribbling.
Defensive Rebounding
• A defensive rebound is obtained when one team
misses a shot and the opposing team grabs the ball.
An important skill needed to collect defensive
rebounds is known as boxing out, a technique by
which players use their bodies to shield the opposing
team from grabbing the ball.
REFERENCES:
• https://springfield.edu/where-basketball-was-invented-the-birthplace
-of-basketball
• https://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/basics/basics.html#:~:text=
Basketball%20is%20a%20team%20sport,by%20the%20mid%2Dcourt
%20line
.
• https://www.myactivesg.com/Sports/Basketball/How-To-Play/Basketb
all-Rules/Basketball-Positions-and-Roles
• https://www.rookieroad.com/basketball/rules/game-clock/
• https://www.sportsrec.com/8072917/the-five-basic-skills-of-basketba
ll
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/basketball-skills-activities-safety.h
tml
Bueno, let’s call it a day.
Arigathanks for listening and
participating!