BS EN 933-3:2012

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BSI Standards Publication

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Tests for geometrical
properties of aggregates
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Part 3: Determination of particle shape
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— Flakiness index
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

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 BS EN 933-3:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 933-3:2012.
It supersedes BS EN 933-3:1997, which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to
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Technical Committee B/502/6, Test methods.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.

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© The British Standards Institution 2012
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012

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ISBN 978 0 580 74433 4
ICS 91.100.15
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
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This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2012.
Amendments issued since publication
Date Text affected
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 BS EN 933-3:2012

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 933-3

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM January 2012
Licensed copy: Standard Requests, Exova (UK) Ltd, Version correct as of 06/03/2012 14:41, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012

ICS 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 933-3:1997

English Version

Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 3:

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Determination of particle shape - Flakiness index

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Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques géométriques Prüfverfahren für geometrische Eigenschaften von
des granulats - Partie 3: Détermination de la forme des Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 3: Bestimmung der Kornform -
granulats - Coefficient d'aplatissement Plattigkeitskennzahl

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 October 2011.

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CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
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status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 933-3:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)
Licensed copy: Standard Requests, Exova (UK) Ltd, Version correct as of 06/03/2012 14:41, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012

Contents Page

Foreword . ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
1 Scope. .................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Normative references . ......................................................................................................................... 5
3 Terms and definitions . ......................................................................................................................... 5

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4 Principle . ............................................................................................................................................... 6
5 Apparatus . ............................................................................................................................................ 6

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6 Preparation of test portions . ............................................................................................................... 8
7 Procedure . ............................................................................................................................................ 8
7.1 Sieving on test sieves. ......................................................................................................................... 8
7.2 Sieving on bar sieves . ......................................................................................................................... 8
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Calculation and expression of results . .............................................................................................. 8
Test report . ........................................................................................................................................... 9
9.1 Mandatory data . .................................................................................................................................... 9
9.2 Optional data . ....................................................................................................................................... 9
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Annex A (informative) Example of test data sheet . ...................................................................................... 10
Annex B (informative) Precision . ................................................................................................................... 11
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 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)
Licensed copy: Standard Requests, Exova (UK) Ltd, Version correct as of 06/03/2012 14:41, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012

Foreword
This document (EN 933-3:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154
“Aggregates”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2012.

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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such

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patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 933-3:1997.

The following changes have been made to the previous edition:

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a) the CEN Technical Specification has been adopted as European Standard;

b) the document has been editorially revised.

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This standard forms part of a series of tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Test methods
for other properties are covered by the following European Standards:

EN 932 Tests for general properties of aggregates;

EN 1097 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates;

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EN 1367 Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates;

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EN 1744 Tests for chemical properties of aggregates;

EN 13179 Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures.

EN 933, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates, consists of the following parts:
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 Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution — Sieving method;

 Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution — Test sieves, nominal size of apertures;

Part 3: Determination of particle shape — Flakiness index;

 Part 4: Determination of particle shape — Shape index;

 Part 5: Determination of percentage of crushed and broken surfaces in coarse aggregate

particles;

 Part 6: Assessment of surface characteristics — Flow coefficient of aggregates;

 Part 7: Determination of shell content — Percentage of shells for coarse aggregates;

 Part 8: Assessment of fines — Sand equivalent test;

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 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)

 Part 9: Assessment of fines — Methylene blue test;

 Part 10: Assessment of fines — Grading of filler aggregates (air jet sieving);
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 Part 11: Classification test for the constituents of coarse recycled aggregate.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)

1 Scope

This European Standard describes the reference method, used for type testing and in case of dispute,
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for determination of the flakiness index of aggregates. For other purposes, in particular production
control, other methods may be used, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the
reference method has been established.

This European Standard applies to natural, manufactured or recycled aggregates.

The test procedure specified in this part of this European Standard is not applicable to particle sizes less
than 4 mm or greater than 100 mm.

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2 Normative references

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The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates — Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples

EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates — Part 5: Common equipment and calibration

EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size
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distribution — Sieving method

EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution — Test sieves, nominal size of apertures
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3 Terms and definitions

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For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
constant mass
mass determined by successive weighings performed at least 1 h apart and not differing by more
than 0,1 %
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Note 1 to entry: In many cases, constant mass can be achieved after a test portion has been dried for a pre-
determined period in a specified oven (see 5.4) at (110 ± 5) ºC. Test laboratories can determine the time required
to achieve constant mass for specific types and sizes of sample dependent upon the drying capacity of the oven
used.

3.2
laboratory sample
sample intended for laboratory testing

3.3
particle size fraction(di/Di)
fraction of an aggregate passing the larger (Di) of two sieves and retained on the smaller (di)

Note 1 to entry: The lower limit for di may be zero.

3.4
test portion
sample used as a whole in a single test

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 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)

4 Principle
The test consists of two sieving operations. First, using test sieves, the sample is separated into
various particle size fractions di /Di, as given in Table 1. Each of the particle size fractions di/Di is then
Licensed copy: Standard Requests, Exova (UK) Ltd, Version correct as of 06/03/2012 14:41, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012

sieved using bar sieves which have parallel slots of width Di /2.

The overall flakiness index is calculated as the total mass of particles passing the bar sieves
expressed as a percentage of the total dry mass of particles tested.

If required, the flakiness index of each particle size fraction d i /D i is calculated as the mass of particles
passing the corresponding bar sieve, expressed as a percentage by mass of that particle size fraction.

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5 Apparatus

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All apparatus shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5.

5.1 Test sieves, with square apertures, conforming to EN 933-2 with the following aperture sizes:
100 mm; 80 mm; 63 mm; 50 mm; 40 mm; 31,5 mm; 25 mm; 20 mm; 16 mm; 12,5 mm; 10 mm; 8 mm,
6,3 mm; 5 mm and 4 mm.
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5.2 Corresponding bar sieves, comprising parallel cylindrical bars conforming to the requirements
in Table 1. The tolerances on the width of slot shall apply to the entire length of each slot. An example
of a bar sieve is shown in Figure 1.
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Table 1 — Bar sieves

Particle size fraction di/Di Width of slot in bar sieve

mm mm
80/100 50 ± 0,5
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63/80 40 ± 0,5
50/63 31,5 ± 0,5
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40/50 25 ± 0,4
31,5/40 20 ± 0,4
25/31,5 16 ± 0,4
20/25 12,5 ± 0,4
16/20 10 ± 0,2
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12,5/16 8 ± 0,2
10/12,5 6,3 ± 0,2
8/10 5 ± 0,2
6,3/8 4 ± 0,15
5/6,3 3,15 ± 0,15
4/5 2,5 ± 0,15

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 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)
Licensed copy: Standard Requests, Exova (UK) Ltd, Version correct as of 06/03/2012 14:41, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012

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Key
1 metal frame (outside wooden frame optional)
2 width of slot as specified in Table 1
3 cylindrical steel bars (usual diameter range from 5 to 15 mm depending on width of slot)
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L = 250 mm to 300 mm
H = 75 mm
h = 55 mm to 65 mm

NOTE L being constant for all range of bar sieves, the width of the last slot cannot be equal to the nominal
value. In all cases, it should be smaller than the nominal value.

Figure 1 — Example of a bar sieve

5.3 Balance or scale, accurate to ± 0,1 % of the mass of the test portion.

5.4 Ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled to maintain a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C or other

suitable equipment for drying the aggregates, without causing any particle size breakdown.

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 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)

6 Preparation of test portions

The laboratory sample shall be reduced in accordance with EN 932-2.

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The mass of the test portion shall be as specified in EN 933-1.

Dry the test portion at (110 ± 5) °°C to constant mass. Allow to cool, weigh and record the mass as M0.

7 Procedure

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7.1 Sieving on test sieves

Using the appropriate range of sieves from those specified in 5.1, sieve the test portion as specified in

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EN 933-1.

Weigh and discard all particles passing the 4 mm sieve and retained on the 100 mm sieve.

Weigh and retain separately all the particles in each particle size fraction di/Di.

7.2 Sieving on bar sieves

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Sieve each particle size fraction di/Di obtained from 7.1 on the corresponding bar sieve given in
Table 1. This sieving operation can be carried out manually or mechanically and shall ensure
complete separation.
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Weigh the material from each particle size fraction passing through the corresponding bar sieve.

8 Calculation and expression of results

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The results shall be recorded on test data sheets (see example in Annex A). Calculate the sum of the
masses of the particle size fractions di/Di and record as M1.
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Calculate the sum of the masses of the particles in each of the particle size fractions di /Di which pass
through a corresponding bar sieve of slot width Di /2 and record as M2.

The overall flakiness index FI is calculated from the following equation:

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FI = (M2/M1) × 100 (1)

where

M1 is the sum of the masses of the particles in each of the particle size fraction d i /Di, in grams;

M2 is the sum of the masses of the particles in each particle size fraction passing the
corresponding bar sieve of slot width D i /2 in grams.

The overall flakiness (FI) shall be recorded to the nearest whole number.

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 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)

The flakiness index for each particle size fraction FIi shall be calculated, if required, from the following
equation:

FIi = (mi/Ri) × 100 (2)

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where

Ri is the mass of each particle size fraction di/Di, in grams;

mi is the mass of the material in each particle size fraction di/Di which passes through the
corresponding bar sieve of slot width Di/2, in grams.

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If the sum of the masses Ri together with the masses of any discarded particles and any size fractions
that are not tested (see 7.1) differs by more than 1 % from the mass M0 (see Clause 6), the test shall
be repeated, using another test portion.

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9 Test report

9.1 Mandatory data

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The test report shall include the following information:

a) reference to this European Standard;

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b) identification of the sample;

c) identification of the laboratory;

d) mass of test portion;

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e) overall flakiness index FI to the nearest whole number;

f) sample reception date.

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9.2 Optional data

The test report may include the following information:

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a) name and location of the sample source;

b) description of the material and of the sampling procedure;

c) flakiness index FIi of each particle size fraction to the nearest whole number;

d) sampling certificate;

e) date of test.

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 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)

Annex A
(informative)
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Example of test data sheet

Flakiness Index Laboratory:

EN 933-3
Identification of the sample: Date of reception:

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Operator:
Test portion mass M0 = g Mass retained on the 100 mm sieve = g

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Mass passing the 4 mm sieve = g
───
Sum of discarded masses = g
Sieving on test sieves Sieving on bar sieves
Particle size
fraction di/Di
Mass Ri of particle
size fraction di/Di
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Nominal width of
slot in bar sieve
Mass mi
passing bar sieve
FIi

mm g mm g = (mi/Ri) × 100
80/100 50
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63/80 40
50/63 31,5
40/50 25
31,5/40 20
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25/31,5 16
20/25 12,5
16/20 10
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12,5/16 8
10/12,5 6,3
8/10 5
6,3/8 4
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5/6,3 3,15
4/5 2,5
M1 = ΣRi = M2 = Σmi =
FI = (M2/M1) × 100 =
M 0 − { ∑ R i + ∑ (discarded masses ) + ∑ (not tested fraction masses ) } <1%
100 ×
M0

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 BS EN 933-3:2012
EN 933-3:2012 (E)

Annex B
(informative)
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Precision

The results of a cross testing experiment carried out by 20 laboratories in 1994, as part of a project
(Project 134) funded by the European Community under the Measurements and Testing Programme,
are given in Table B.1. The repeatability r1 and reproducibility R1 values have been determined for the
three tested aggregates on the basis of test results obtained from duplicate test portions prepared by

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each laboratory from their laboratory sample and subsequently tested.

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Table B.1 — Repeatability and reproducibility values for determinations of flakiness indexes
(% by mass of flaky particles) of coarse aggregates

Target FI value :

Item OL
Symbol Level 1
10
Level 2
30
Level 3
50
Upper sieve size D (mm): 20 14 10
1) 1) 1)
Number of laboratories included N 18 18 18
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Average FI value X 8,8 29,2 51,1
Repeatability standard deviation Sr1 0,68 1,37 0,80
Reproducibility standard deviation SR1 1,03 2,94 4,13
Repeatability limit r1 1,9 3,8 2,2
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Reproducibility limit R1 2,9 8,2 11,6

1)
The results of 18 laboratories out of 20 were accepted for precision data calculations.
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For other aggregate sizes or other levels of flakiness indexes, the repeatability and reproducibility
values can be calculated using the following formulas:

FI (100 − FI ) D 3
r1 (% by mass ) = 0,0028
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where

D is the aggregate size (mm),

M is the mass of test portion (kg)

R1 (% by mass ) = 0,95 + 0,226 FI

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