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Competency Based-Learning and Quality Education in the New Normal

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East African Scholars Journal of Education, Humanities and
Literature
Abbreviated Key Title: East African Scholars J Edu Humanit Lit
ISSN: 2617-443X (Print) & ISSN: 2617-7250 (Online)
Published By East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya
Volume-4 | Issue-4 | April- 2021 | DOI: 10.36349/easjehl.2021.v04i04.002

Research Article

Competency Based-Learning and Quality Education in the New Normal

Modality of Teaching
Leovigildo Lito D. Mallillin, Ph.D1*, Regilito D. Laurel, Ph.D2, Jocelyn B. Mallillin, LPT3, Eduardo A. Carag, Ph.D.4,
Catalina Guingab-CARAG5
1
Consultant and Research Specialist
2
Faculty of Education, English Department, University of Benghazi
3
Master Teacher 1, San Bartolome High School
4,5
Associate Professor V, Cagayan State University Philippines
Abstract: The global intensity of education continuously nurtures despite of the current
Article History pandemic in the new normal modality of teaching which highlights the competency
Received: 27.01.2021 development of education practice. It is imperative that competency based-learning is
Accepted: 30.03.2021
established through the initiative of the various educational institutions ability and
Published: 03.04.2021
capability. It needs to embrace the engrained opportunities in the curriculum learning design
Journal homepage: in the new normal and trends that utilize the innovative teaching and learning approaches to
https://www.easpublisher.com ensure competency based-learning and context development. The study examines
competency based-learning and quality education that improves the modality of teaching in
Quick Response Code the new normal and addresses the competency based-learning programs according to the
needs of students. The research employs the mixed method with integration of quantitative
and qualitative research approach. It provides an opportunity evaluation of mixed methods
to contribute in the practice and learning on the implementation of competency based-
learning in the new normal modality of teaching. It provides an outcome on achieving the
effectiveness of the study. The subjects of the study are the professional teachers and
lecturers in the various educational private and public institutions which include the private
secondary schools, Department of Education (DepEd), and Commission on Higher
Education Institutions (CHED). The study comprised 54 respondents only. The non-
probability purposive sampling is utilized in the study because it is straightforward and
simple in identifying the sample population of the study. It is the most essential in matching
the sampling set for the objectives and aims of the study. Results show that competency
based-learning and programs are very flexible as to structure depending on the individual
learners because students are guided in their learning process and control when and where
they complete projects and assessments, students feel they can prove mastery, they can take
an assessment, receive credit and start on their learning process, learners are empowered
because they have control over when, where, and how they learn in their modules, it is free
education for students to complete their subject and degree, and programs are focused and
centered to the benefits of the learners in the new normal on real world competency
development. Findings show that there is a significant difference in the improved
competency based-learning and quality of education in the new normal modality of teaching
as observed by the respondents.
Keywords: Competency based-learning, quality of education, modality of teaching, new
normal online classes, flexibility learning, self-paced learning, affordable learning, skills-
based learning, and engagement learning.
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original
author and source are credited.

knowledge expected in the progress of the learners. It

INTRODUCTION determines the proficiency and competency of the
Competency based-learning is essential in the subject area or given course as developed and standard
quality of education especially during the new normal in learning. Hence, competency based-learning has
modality of teaching. This can be measured through the become the priority in the educational delivery system
curriculum prescribed in the various educational in the new normal modality of teaching. It provides
institutions. It refers to the instruction system, grading, training needs and experiences that transform the
assessment, academic reporting, and performance of the situation in the advancement of competency based-
students. It demonstrates the learning skills and

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learning from the concept and theory to the new reality implements and investigates the feedback in online
of teaching in the new normal, Goldhamer, Pusic, Co, competency based-learning experiences. It is an
& Weinstein [1]. Furthermore, competency based- approach in an organized learning activity to assist
learning highlights the increase and importance of students in the achievement of the learners‟ competency
professional activities in an ideal educational system and implementation, Wang, Tlili, Lehman, Lu, &
and curriculum. It assesses the enormous digital system Huang [5]. In addition, competency based-learning in
and development to synthesize, integrate, and manage online teaching helps in the adoption of both students
the learning process in the new normal and modality of and teachers in the educational goals and achievement
teaching. It facilitates the system and assessment in real through interaction, flexibility, and accessibility. The
time feedback to enhance learning in the modality of educational technology indicates and evolves related to
teaching. It develops the platform of competency based- the advance technology of learning and technical
learning to enhance lecturers in the burden of their consideration. It addresses the online educators on
teaching strategy. The function and competency based- perspective pedagogy of online learning. It provides and
learning in the quality of education includes teacher attempts a method of effective online teaching to
learning portfolios, student feedback, e-books, investigate the effects of competency based-learning
assessment progress tracking, learning materials and online in the students‟ learning enhancement
analysis of the assessment for better improve modality performance, learning readiness and self-direction. It
of teaching in the new normal, Hsiao, Chou, Hsieh, involves intervention on competency based-learning
Chang, & Hsu [2]. online comprehensively, Tsai [6]. Moreover,
competency based-learning involves the discussion and
On the other hand, the trend of competency engagement of its activities and goals in a directed
based-learning and quality education in the new normal intervention of education that promotes and highlights
modality of teaching guides and assesses the student the scope of CBL in the new normal modality of
feedback on their academic performance in the skills teaching in the improved teaching and learning outcome
that demonstrates their knowledge acquisition. It is a role in the educational system and curriculum. It
tool to evaluate and use learning in the various develops the quality and improves development of CBL
educational institutions. It is competency based-learning guided by various changes of learning and theories that
to relate its purpose, application, design, and criticism describes the principles of competency based-learning
in the implementation of the practice evolution, trends, on how it explores and contributes in the perspective of
and benefits for the systematic process in the the new normal modality of teaching integration and
educational system. It is the process and design for the information. It improves and seeks a continuous
reflection toward the response to the related educational professional development outcome in the increased
challenges especially during the new normal trends of skills and knowledge in a changing behavior system and
teaching for contemporary demands in the competency- approach. The teaching approaches to competency
based learning integration of domain and student based-learning and strategies are a potential and
learning beyond authenticity, cognition, effective contribution of the learning outcome of
interdisciplinary characterize learning design feature students. It is a guide to set the competency of quality
and situation. It follows the progress of students in the education systems and practice. It adheres to the system
literacy assessment and education preparation for of the competency based-learning principles in the
competency based-learning demand. It determines and modality of teaching in the new normal. It integrates the
involves the necessity of the competency based-learning system and outcomes in multiple techniques and
of students in the future, Gallardo [3]. Consequently, methods in teaching performance and strategies,
CBL evolves continuously for students to explore Sargeant, Wong, & Campbell [7].
alternative learning in the new normal modality of
teaching. It provides activities and policies in exploring Furthermore, the application of competency
the competency based-learning program. It highlights based- learning in the new normal modality of teaching
the instructional techniques, approaches, and strategies offers a range wide privilege in the simulation of CBL
in modality of teaching in the modern trends for student to practice the skills and complexity of various
learning. It supports and offers the educational educational institutions to facilitate learning effectively
enhancement of students in navigating their learning and implementation. The different applications are
process. It explores the continued competency based- based on the phases and development of skills and
learning in different sophisticated levels and benefits of knowledge, Chernikova, et al., [8]. The mastery of
students in the educational instruction of teaching, competency based-learning and idea must be given
Anderson [4]. emphasis and attention in teaching and in learning
through the use of advanced technology in the lesson
Consequently, the goals of competency based delivery which is integral in the competency attainment
learning and quality education in the new normal in the classroom practice and principles. It provides
modality of teaching are to empower the enhanced professional development and professional teachers for
learning, and instructional feedback of the learners. It the need and use of different competency based-

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learning approaches to ensure that teachers in the development in various educational institutions. It
classroom are prepared and engaged in their teaching follows and describes the importance of theory and
process and to involve student‟s interaction in the learning foundation to direct and shape the competency
learning process as to technology and content learning. based-learning in education. It conceptualizes the
The competency based-learning positions the detailed learning principles framework and theory associated
description and definition of learning and integrates with the contribution of social cognitive, constructivist,
suggestions and ways into the teaching process in the and behavioral practice and learning. It converges the
new normal. It outlines challenges and benefits of theory learning framework in evaluating, conducting,
competency based-learning approaches in teaching and and planning a competency based-learning program in
completes the process in the modality of teaching in the the education profession. It illustrates the education and
current trends and application of the current educational descriptions of the advanced basic competency based
system, Egbert, & Shahrokini [9]. learning in the new normal modality of teaching. On the
other hand, this theory is also known as self-
determination where it focuses on competency based-
RESEARCH QUESTION learning and motivational theory which is important in
1. How competency based-learning and quality education in the new normal situation. It extensively
education improves the modality of teaching in applies to various schools as teachers‟ means and
the new normal? development of evidence based practice in teaching
2. Is there a significant difference in the relevance to the psychological needs of autonomy and
improved competency based-learning and competency on the positive impact of the motivation of
quality of education in the new normal students to engage in the activities of the classroom
modality of teaching as observed by the online based learning. It is an effective and proven
respondents? theory that suggestes the classroom online based
behavior influences students‟ variables and engagement
HYPOTHESIS in the modality of learning and in teaching. It explores
There is a significant difference in the the scientific learning and engagement of students'
improved competency based-learning and quality of outcomes in their learning process. It perceives the
education in the new normal modality of teaching as quality competence of student and teacher relationship
observed by the respondents. in the interaction of learning since students are the
center of learning where it observes the two way
Theoretical Lens process of teaching and learning for better output of the
This study is anchored on the “Learning theory competency based-learning in the new normal modality
foundations of simulation-based mastery learning”, of teaching. Competency based-learning reveals the
McGaghie, & Harris [10] as this theory deals on consistency of the quality of student and teacher
simulation mastery based learning foundation and relationship on the influence and perceived
intervention in education. It recognizes the effectiveness and efficiency of teachers in supporting
comprehension of competency based learning the competency based learning of student‟s engagement
foundation and theory which is essential for program and activities, Wood [11].

Concept of the Study

Fig-1: The dependent and independent variables on the competency based-learning in the new normal modality of teaching

synergistic data of a separate analysis and collection of

RESEARCH DESIGN data in terms of quantitative and qualitative. It provides
The research employs the mixed method with an opportunity evaluation of mixed methods to
integration of quantitative and qualitative research contribute in the practice and learning on the
approach. It advances the emergent method of research implementation of competency based-learning in the
in integrating the systematic or mixing of qualitative new normal modality of teaching. It provides an
and quantitative data that sustains the investigation outcome on achieving the effectiveness of the study. It
inquiry and program. It is a method of basic premise analyses and describes the perspective of the mixed
that permits the integration for the utilization and method of research to summarize the various

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applications of education and learning modalities. It expert in the design of the competency based-learning
points out the shortcomings of the presentation and among the learners. They are professional teachers in
methods to support the agenda and development of the the various educational private and public institutions
research under study. It reviews and tailors the diversity which include the private secondary schools,
of the respondents‟ framework and sets forward the Department of Education (DepEd), and Commission on
practices of quality results of the study. It is a Higher Education Institutions (CHED). The study
collaborative educational setting applied in the research comprised 54 respondents only.
question of the study, Froehlich, Van Waes, & Schäfer
[12]. Sampling Techniques
Non-probability purposive sampling is utilized
On the other hand, it is a contested debate on in the study because it is straightforward and simple in
the knowledge and nature produce of qualitative identifying the sample population of the study. It is the
research that will be judged legitimately according to most essential in matching the sampling set for the
the general set principles to assess the quality and objectives and aims of the study. It improves the rigor
concern manifested in the guidelines proliferation in and trustworthiness of the results of the data in the
judging the work quality in the field of education. It different aspects of research and concepts as to
outlines the views on how the method of qualitative confirmability, reliability, dependability and
might be judged. It argues and assesses the research transferability of the study. It also outlines the intent
quality with reference to the broad criteria that and nature of non-probability purposive sampling in
attributes to the meaning and exact assessment for presenting the various applications and context of the
qualitative research guide, Mays, & Pope [13]. study. It highlights the integration of purposive
sampling as to dependent context and design of the
Moreover, the quantitative method of research study. It strategizes the sampling situation of the
involves the sample required data collection of the in- trustworthiness of the collection of data analysis
depth phenomenon and experiences on how the situations. It is an approach selected in the use of
competency based-learning in the new normal modality purposive sampling that aligns the research objectives,
of teaching is measured, Rahman [14]. aims, and methods in addressing such aspects. It
explicits the approach made and used for sampling to
Participants of the Study improve the rigor method as judgement for the
The subjects of the study are the professional trustworthiness aspects of research, Klar, & Leeper
teachers and lecturers who are exposed to online [15].
teaching modality in the new normal where they are

Instrument Used

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RESULT
Table-1: Competency based-learning and quality education improves the modality of teaching in the new normal
Indicator WM I R
1. Competency based-program is a direct path to a successful career of student competency A 6
graduates. 3.89
2. Students are able to complete a degree when they are ready with the use of technology A 3.5
curriculum. 3.93
3. Competency based program promotes individualized learning and accommodates a variety of A 1.5
learning styles, making it a truly personalized experience. 3.96
4. It provides the learners progress in their module subjects through the materials provided in A 6
the learning enhancement. 3.89
5. Competency based-program is also flexible that allows students to enter a program at any A 17.5
level where they are given credits. 3.69
6. The cost of competency based program varies by the different educational institutions A 15.5
program and student pace. 3.72
7. Competency based-programs are very flexible as to structure depending on the individual A 9
learners. 3.85
8. It is a skill based competency based program center that benefits the learners in the new A 11
normal on real world competency development. 3.80
9. It is a strongest outcome competency based education that increases student engagement in A 17.5
their different modules. 3.69
10. Competency based-learning of education focuses on the final outcome of the learning process A 6
of students in the new normal classes. 3.89
11. Competency based-programming follows the educational policy in the new normal classes. 3.93 A 3.5
12. It is free education competency based learning for students to complete their modules and A 9
degree. 3.85
13. Students are guided in their learning and control when and where they complete projects and A 13
assessments. 3.78
14. Competency based-program outcome is that students are workplace ready and have expertise A 15.5
in their chosen fields. 3.72
15. They are empowered because they have control over when, where and how they learn in their A 9
modules. 3.85
16. It enables students to control their pacing because they are not confined by a set learning A 13
process. 3.78
17. The school, college, or university created competency based programs precisely as a strategy A 1.5
to increase learning. 3.96
18. Students feel they can prove mastery, they can take an assessment, receive credit and start on A 19.5
their learning process. 3.61
19. Programs are designed around competencies that are needed for a particular career ensuring A 13
that materials provided in their modules are relevant. 3.78
20. Students are engaged in their module materials of teaching because they have ownership over A 19.5
their learning. 3.61
Average Weighted Mean 3.81 A
Standard Deviation 0.109

Table 1 presents the weighted mean and the with a weighted mean of 3.96 or Agree which means
corresponding interpretation on the competency based- the competency based-learning and quality education is
learning and quality education of teaching in the new “Observed”. Rank 2 is also shared by the two indicators
normal. which are “Students are able to complete a degree when
they are ready with the use of technology curriculum”,
It shows in the table that rank 1 is shared by and “Competency based-program of learning follows
the two indicators which are “Competency based the educational policy in the new normal classes”, with
program promotes individualized learning and a weighted mean of 3.93 or Agree, which stressed that
accommodates a variety of learning styles, making it a competency based-learning and quality of education is
truly personalized experience”, and “The school, “Observed”. Rank 3 is shared by the three indicators
college, or university created competency based which are “Competency based-program is a direct path
programs precisely as a strategy to increase learning”, to a successful career of student competency

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graduates”, It provides the learners progress in their prove mastery, they can take an assessment, receive
module subjects through the materials provided in their credit and start on their learning process”, and
learning enhancement”, and Competency based- “Students are engaged in their module materials of
learning of education focuses on final outcome of the teaching because they have ownership over their
learning process of students in the new normal classes”, learning”, with a weighted mean of 3.61 or Agree. The
with weighted mean of 3.89 or Agree which overall average weighted mean is 3.81 or Agree which
emphasized that competency based-learning and quality means competency based-learning and quality
education is “Observed”. The least in rank is shared education is “Observed” in the new normal perspective
also by the indicators which are “Student feels they can of learning among students.

Table-2: Significant difference on the improve competency based-learning and quality of education in the new
normal modality of teaching as observed by the respondents
z computed value comparison z critical value decision
Competency based-learning as 256.86 > ± 1.96 Rejected
observed by the respondents
Two tailed test with 0.05 level of significance

Table 2 presents the significant difference on rejected on the competency based-learning as observed
the competency based-learning and quality of education by the respondents with 0.05 level of significance.
that improves the modality of teaching in the new Therefore, there is strong evidence that there is a
normal as observed by the respondents. significant difference in competency based-learning and
quality of education improves the modality of teaching
It reveals that the z computed value is greater in the new normal as observed by the respondents.
than the z critical value which means the decision is Hence, the alternative hypothesis is accepted.

Table-3: Thematic analysis and core idea on the competency based-learning and quality of education in Science
subject curriculum of the new normal modality of teaching
Theme Frequency of Response Core Idea
Flexibility General ⮚ flexible program
General ⮚ policy in the new normal classes
Typical ⮚ guided learning control on assessment
General ⮚ program credits
Self-pace Variant ⮚ learning outcome focus
General ⮚ confine and control learning process
Typical ⮚ mastery assessment of learning process
Typical ⮚ degree of subject technology curriculum
Engagement Variant ⮚ student engagement in subject curriculum
General ⮚ teaching ownership in learning
General ⮚ empower learning process
Typical ⮚ variety of learning style
Affordability Variant ⮚ cost of competency based program
Variant ⮚ strategy in learning
General ⮚ competency of subject and degree
Typical ⮚ Enhancement of learning materials.
Skills-based General ⮚ learners development and competency
General ⮚ program design and materials
General ⮚ outcome workplace
Typical ⮚ success of career path

Flexibility “Competency based-programs are very

Arguably resource flexibility and operational flexible as to structure depending on the
concept provides the demands in facing the benefits to individual learners”. (T1-P28, P7)
establish the facilities and flexibility of learning to “Competency based-program of learning
increase profitability. It quantifies the flexibility and follows the educational policy in the new
benefits that can underestimate the true value of the normal classes”. (T1-P27, P12)
demand of desired learning, Chod, Markakis, & “Students are guided in their learning and
Trichakis [39]. Generally, the participants say that: control when and where they complete projects
and assessments”. (T1-P28, P14)

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“Competency based-program is also flexible “Competency based program promotes

that allows students to enter a program at any individualized learning and accommodates a
level where they are given credits”. (T1-P27, variety of learning styles, making it a truly
P12) personalized experience”. (T3-P23,P13)

Self-paced Affordability
The self-paced domains and training affects Affordability challenges and illustrated the
the state of the art detectors and objects applied to scale of technology learning in the new normal. It
various domains of learning. It alleviates the issues of accelerates the instructional experiences, the equity of
the different methods and adaptations to improve the learning to cost and accessibility. It develops the
educational setting of learning. It transforms the essential and compelling stability of the technology in
learning self-paced in an efficient and smart way. It learning resources to support the lecturers to guide and
simplifies the effectiveness of the inference of learning create a meaningful engagement learning to pursue
in the new normal perspective. It demonstrates the opportunities for accessible, affordable and effective in
performance utility of every framework and component the various educational institutions, Gazi, Baker, &
of learning applicable in the measure and performance Sibley, [18]. Variantly, the participants stressed that:
of the learners, Soviany, Ionescu, Rota, & Sebe, [16].
Typically, the participants emphasized that: “The cost of competency based program
varies by the different educational institutions
“Competency based-Learning of education program and student pace”. (T4-P29, P9)
focuses on the final outcome of the learning
process of students in the new normal “The school, college, or university created
classes”. (T2-P26,P8) competency based programs precisely as a
“It enables students to control their pacing strategy to increase learning”. (T4-P29, P8)
because they are not confined by a set learning
process”. (T2-P25, P9) “It is free education competency based
“Students feel they can prove mastery, they learning for students to complete their subject
can take an assessment, receive credit and and degree”. (T4-P34, P9)
start on the learning process”. (T2-P29, P11)
“Students are able to complete a degree when “It provides the learners progress in their
they are ready with the use of technology module subjects through the materials
curriculum”. (T2-P28,P9) provided in their learning enhancement”. (T4-
P26, P11)
Engagement
Engagement on development opportunity and Skills-based
professional training assists the educational institutions Skills-based learning is increasingly dependent
to implement and expand the competencies in quality on lifelong learning that will rely on the era of sharing
education practices in academics that engage in the information to facilitate movement in the educational
extent of learning opportunity and gain of learning. It institutions. It helps in the prior recognition of learning
involves the various theories and explanations in to personalize the experience of learning. It utilizes the
achievement goals and motivations. It measures the skills-based learning and curriculum that explores the
learning intensity, effort, elaboration, risk-taking, analysis of the facilitation and process of learning,
persistence and implementation. Learning approaches Kitto, et al., [19]. Generally, the participants say that:
engagement goals leads to functional learning. It
analyses the amount of learning and academic ”It is a skill based competency based program
achievement of the learners‟ quality experiences, center that benefits the learners in the new
Daumiller, Rinas, Olden, & Dresel [17]. Generally, the normal on real world competency
participants observed that: development”. (T5-P29, P11)
“Programs are designed around competencies
“It is a strongest outcome competency based that are needed for a particular career
education that increases student engagement ensuring that materials provided in their
in their subject”. (T3-P31, P6) modules are relevant”. (T5-P27,P5)
“Students are engaged in their module “Competency based-program outcome is that
materials of teaching because they have students are workplace ready and have
ownership over their learning”. (T3-P30, P11) expertise in their chosen fields”. (T5-P27,P9)
“They are empowered because they have “Competency based-program is a direct path
control over when, where and how they learn to a successful career of students competency
in their modules”. (T3-P32, P11) graduates”. (T5-P26,P8)

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student focused experience. It helps in the connection of

DISCUSSION the technological limits and benefits, instant feedback,
The global intensity of education continuously questioning, anonymity, interaction, and engagement. It
nurtures despite of the current pandemic in the new reveals student learning and complexity experience in
normal modality of teaching which highlights the the current understanding that contributes to the
competency development of education practice. It is framework that offers a condition in the pedagogical
imperative that competency based-learning is implementation of learning and designs in competency
established through the initiative of the various based-learning, Wood, & Shirazi [24]. Students also
educational institutions ability and capability. It needs feel they can prove mastery; they can take an
to embrace the engrained opportunities in the assessment, receive credit and start on the learning
curriculum learning design in the new normal trends process. It reduces the learning process and the ability
that utilize the innovative teaching and learning of teachers to observe the learning behavior and support
approaches to ensure competency based-learning and students in the new normal modality teaching through
context development, Markey, & Okantey [20]. the use of organized strategy, flexible effort, and time in
the preferred online learning. It provides tips for the
Furthermore, flexibility in the new normal support of teachers in the new normal modality of
modality of teaching reveals that competency based- teaching, Vanslambrouck, Zhu, Pynoo, Thomas,
learning programs are structured depending on the Lombaerts, & Tondeur, [25]. Therefore, students are
individual learners on quality education. It increases the able to complete a degree when they are ready with the
program development of CBLconcept and model in the use of technology curriculum because it introduces the
various educational institutions to analyze the need of the various tools and technology in the quality
challenges and strategies in the implementation of the of teaching and collaborative learning that explores in
new normal modality of teaching to include alignment the academic course and pedagogical design in literacy
of traditional program, important loop feedback for digital competency of learning and outcome in the
quality standard of teaching, lecturers‟ interaction, adoption of the learning innovation and instructional
student characteristics, flexibility interaction, and design in the modality of teaching, Blau, Shamir-Inbal,
structure decision, Dragoo, & Barrows, [21]. Hence, it & Avdiel [26].
reveals also that competency based-programming
follows the educational policy in the new normal Moreover, engagement on competency based-
classes where education is a continuous process among learning and quality education shows that the strongest
the learners. It analyses the online process of learning outcome competency based education that increases
and framework. It establishes a strategy and develops student engagement in their subject. It predicts the gain
teaching support that focuses on the learning process of learning and decision of students based on engaged and
students' delivery mode of teaching and instruction in identified practices as to course experiences, level
the new modality of online classes, Mallillin, Mallillin, course taught, and area of teaching. It increases the
Carag, Collado, & Largo [22]. Besides, it reveals that program available for student development teaching
students are guided in their learning and control when strategies and programs, Lancaster, & Lundberg [27].
and where they complete projects and assessments to Students are engaged in their module materials of
where it recognizes the competency based-learning, teaching because they have ownership over their
opportunity, development in various challenges, and learning. It increases the mobility of the context in the
pedagogy among students, O‟Neill, et al., [23]. In educational setting and challenges in the classroom
addition, it reveals that competency based-program is experiences. It narrates the ethical and critical pedagogy
also flexible that allows students to enter a program at of students' position in competency based-learning
any level where they are given credits. This includes the traditional and pedagogy structure in the modality of
new modality of teaching in the new normal online teaching in the new normal access and approach,
teaching as a transition to educational setting and Lomer, & Anthony-Okeke [28]. They are empowered
practices, Anderson [4]. because they have control over when, where, and how
they learn in their modules. The limited resources have
Consequently, self-paced in quality education an impact on the students learning in their module
shows that competency based-learning of education designs. It determines the aims and effect of the
focuses on the final outcome of the learning process of modules used on the outcome learning of students in the
students in the new normal classes to emphasize on the new normal modality of teaching, Rahmawati, Lestari,
knowledge integration in online learning to be & Umam, [29]. Further, it shows that competency based
introduced in the modality of teaching through programs promote individualized learning and
integration of advance technology that contributes on accommodates a variety of learning styles, making it a
the focused of the student learning enhancement, truly personalized experience. It compromises and
Mallillin, Carag, Mallillin, & Laurel, [23]. It enables introduces the personalized effort of learning in various
students to control their pacing because they are not academic subjects. It provides direction on competency
confined by a set learning process to examine the based-learning initiative, approach in a classroom
response system in the educational setting on the

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authentic context and experiences, Walkington, & teaching, framework, concept, and development in
Bernacki, [30]. competency based-learning in a systematic online
teaching and instruction, based on the needs of the
In addition, affordability competency based- students to be effective in online classes, standard, best
learning shows that the cost of competency based practice, and competency, Martin, Ritzhaupt, Kumar, &
program varies by the different educational institutions Budhrani, [36]. On the other hand, competency based-
program and student paces. It attempts to introduce the program outcome is that students are workplace ready
framework of competency based-learning in the and have expertise in their chosen fields. It develops a
improved intended outcome in support to the skills and competency based-learning assessment that requires a
learning development. It offers innovation in refining program to measure and plan the process for successful
the competency based-learning development in piloting implementation of new normal modality teaching to
the measure and analysis of the students‟ potentials to support the principles and implementation of a
improve the quality of education in the new normal sustainable transformation in the educational setting. It
modality of teaching, Dauphinee, Boulet, & Norcini is a flexible and systematic approach in the potential
[31]. The school, college, or university created engagement to promote learning and addresses changes
competency based programs precisely as a strategy to in the sustained competency based learning, Bray,
increase learning. It intricates the rapid global quality of Bradley, Martindale, & Gusic, [37]. Competency based-
teaching in the advanced technology on the program is a direct path to a successful career of
responsibility and challenges of competency based- student‟s competency graduates. It assesses the
learning and quality education in the new normal outcome of a competency based-learning program that
modality of teaching especially on the development focuses on the job related to the learners in a positive
curriculum in the educational setting. Competency impact on the program of students in their degree of
based-learning curriculum provides details on the completion, Navarre Cleary [38-40].
concept that needs to be addressed, Mulenga, &
Kabombwe, [32]. It is free education competency based
learning for students to complete their subject and
CONCLUSION
degree. It is a program mandated by the government to 1. It shows that competency based-learning and
fund and improve the educational system in the programs are very flexible as to structure
Philippines. It focuses on the curriculum on competency depending on the individual learners because
based-learning knowledge and development in the new students are guided in their learning process
normal modality of teaching, Vesikivi, Lakkala, and control when and where they complete
Holvikivi, & Muukkonen, [33]. It provides the learners projects and assessments.
progress in their module subjects through the materials 2. Self-paced competency based-learning shows
provided in their learning enhancement. It brings that students feel they can prove mastery, they
considerable learning analysis in the new normal online can take an assessment, receive credit and start
modality of teaching in the use of advanced technology on their learning process.
and increased digital support in education. It improves 3. Engagement competency based-learning
the curriculum to support the learners in the enhanced shows that learners are empowered because
learning experiences that provides learners‟ benefits in they have control over when, where, and how
the educational setting, Troussas, Krouska, & Virvou they learn in their modules.
[34]. 4. Affordability competency based-learning
shows that it is free education for students to
Lastly, the skills-based competency based- complete their subject and degree.
learning and quality education shows that it is a skill 5. Skills-based competency-based learning shows
based competency based program center that benefits that programs are focused and centered to the
the learners in the new normal on real world benefits of the learners in the new normal on
competency development. It is a self-directed real world competency development.
competence of fundamental learning in the new normal
modality of teaching as to learning concept, benefits, RECOMMENDATION
and learning process outcome. It develops individual 1. Flexibility competency based-learning
concern on the learning epistemology, constructivist, programs must follow the educational policy in
pragmatic philosophy and humanistic philosophy the new normal classes and modality of
consideration of the learners in the formal educational teaching because the program is flexible based
setting, Morris [35]. Programs are designed around on the needs of students to enter at any level
competencies that are needed for a particular career where the learners are given credits.
ensuring that materials provided in the modules are 2. Self-paced competency based-learning
relevant because it identifies the evaluation, assessment, program of education must focus on the final
course design, and facilitation practices in an online outcome of the learning process of students in
perspective. It focuses on the online modality of the new normal classes since students are able

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Leovigildo Lito D. Mallillin et al., East African Scholars J Edu Humanit Lit; Vol-4: Iss-4 (Apr, 2021): 156-166

to control their pacing because they are not meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research,
confined by a set learning process. 90(4), 499-541.
3. Engagement competency based-learning 9. Egbert, J. L., & Shahrokini, S. A. (2019).
programs must promote individualized Balancing Old and New: Integrating Competency-
learning and accommodates a variety of Based Learning into CALL Teacher Education.
learning styles, making it a truly personalized JALT CALL Journal, 15(1), 3-18.
experience in the new normal modality of 10. McGaghie, W. C., & Harris, I. B. (2018). Learning
teaching. theory foundations of simulation-based mastery
4. Affordability competency based-learning learning. Simulation in Healthcare, 13(3S), S15-
program must provide the learners progress in S20.
their module subjects through the material 11. Wood, R. (2019). Students‟ motivation to engage
provided in their learning enhancement. with science learning activities through the lens of
5. Skills-based competency programs must be a self-determination theory: Results from a single-
direct path to a successful career of students case school-based study. Eurasia Journal of
competency graduates based on the needs of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education,
the community to where they can apply their 15(7), em1718.
learning knowledge and skills in their future 12. Froehlich, D. E., Van Waes, S., & Schäfer, H.
jobs. (2020). Linking quantitative and qualitative
network approaches: a review of mixed methods
social network analysis in education research.
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Cite This Article: Leovigildo Lito D. Mallillin et al (2021). Competency Based-Learning and Quality Education in the
New Normal Modality of Teaching. East African Scholars J Edu Humanit Lit, 4(4), 156-166.

© East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya 166

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