Rizal

Castillo, Mary Grace
B.S. Crim 2–A
Life & Works of Rizal (00270)
Activity 1 for Midterm Period
Deadline: October 26, tomorrow not later than 11:59pm.
1. Discuss the important changes in Spain and in the Philippines.
The Spanish landholding system based on private ownership of land replaced the indigenous system of
communal landownership.
The Spanish transplanted their social, economic, and political institutions to the Philippines.
The Spanish friars brought Roman Catholic faith upon the Filipino population permanently influenced
the culture and society of the Philippines.
The Spaniards taught the Filipino natives the trades, manners, customs, language and habits of the
Spanish people.
Language - there are thousands of Filipino derived Spanish words .
The Spaniards also taught the Filipinos in Spanish cuisines such as, paella, langonesa, tapa, puchero,
pandesal, bopes, sopas, menudo, aroscaldo, etc.
Schools and Education - for almost 400 years the Spaniards have required the Filipinos to speak Spanish,
up till end of the 70s the Spanish subjects were taught in school.
The Spaniards have constructed a number of schools up to now exist such as, University of Santo Tomas
the oldest university in Asia and the largest Catholic University in the world in terms of population.
2. Discuss how the conditions of the 19th century Philippines and Europe affected the formation of
Rizal's consciousness.
Answer: Rizal is one of the product resulted from the effect of economic development in the Philippines
during the 19th century. His willingness and likeness to learn lead to the formation of his conciousness.
When he travelled secretly to Europe to continue his studies, it give way for him to acquire more
knowledge and opened his eyes for the wrong doings and rampant corruption of the cold-blooded
Spanish rule. The education he obtained from both his studies in Philippines and Europe had a
prominent effect in the formation of his conciousness.
Rizal knowing all the injustices and corruptions of the Spanish government in the country, starts to
create and write different works like poems and novels and one of his famed works are Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo which are read by many Filipinos during that time especially Andres Bonifacio and
ignited and fueled the desires of Filipinos for nationalism and later on lead to historical Philippine
Independence. Most of his writings, both in his essays and editorials, centered on individual rights and
freedom, specifically for the Filipino people.
3. What were the most important economic changes in the philippines during the 19th century?
The Philippine foreign trade from year 1825 to 1895 had risen significantly with the total trade
(combined exports and imports) amounting to 2,800,000 pesos in 1825 and rose to 62,000,000 pesos
in 1895. The growth of an export economy in those years Figures for Philippine foreign trade for the
beginning, middle and end of 19th century. Source: Schumacher, p.17
brought increasing prosperity to the Filipino middle and upper classes as well as to the Western
merchants who are chiefly British and American who organized it. This brought to the Philippines both
the machinery and the consumer goods which the industrialized economies of the West could supply.
The prosperity which the new export economy had brought to some may be illustrated by
the case of Rizal’s Chinese ancestor Domingo Lam-co. When he had come to the Binan hacienda in mid-
18th century, the average holding of an inquilino was 2.9hectares; after Rizal’s father had moved to the
Calamba hacienda, the Rizal family in the1890s rented from the hacienda over 390 hectares. Philippine
exports were agricultural products. Those who controlled large rice, sugar and abaca growing lands in
Central Luzon, Batangas, parts of the Bikol region,Negros and Panay profited the most. These included
not only the Filipino hacenderos and the friar orders owning large haciendas but also the inquilinos of
the friar haciendas. Many of these inquilinos were equivalently hacenderos in their own right,
passing on from one generation to the next the lands they rented from the friar hacienda, and
farming them by means of their share-tenants or kasama.
4. Identify individuals relevant to the formation of Rizal's consciousness as a student in the Philippines
and in Europe.
Answer:
Philippines
• Donya Teodora
— considered as Rizal's first teacher.
• Paciano Rizal
— whom he organized as the noblest of all Filipinos in one of his letters to Blumentritt.
— he also sent Rizal to Europe in 1882 to observe the life, culture, languages and customs, industries
and commerce, and governments and laws of different Europesn countries.
• Justiniano Aquino Cruz
— he supervised Rizal when he was transferred to a private school in Binan, Laguna.
• Juancho
— he was an old painter who nurtured Rizal's love for painting while he was in Binan.
• Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
— he inspired Rizal to study harder and write poems under the supervisin of Jesuit priests who were
characterized by rigid discipline.
• Fr. Jose Villaclara
— he encouraged Rizal to study philosophy and natural sciences.
The above mentioned names were one of the individuals who contributed in the formation of Rizal's
conciousness as a student in the Philippines.
EUROPE
• Ferdinand Blumentritt
— Blumentritt became one of Rizal's closest confidants although they met only once.
The following mentioned names were different scholar whom Rizal met through the help of Ferdinand
Blumentritt:
• Hendrik Kern
— professor of Sanskrit at the University of Leiden.
• A.B. Meyer
— director of Enthnographic Museum in Dresden.
• Wilhelm Joset
— professor at the University of Berlin who published articles about the Philippines.
• Fedor Jagor
— a naturalist who travelled to Southeast Asia.
• Rudolf Virchow
— president of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology, and Prehistory.
• Adolf Bastian
— he is one of the founder of the organizations in Germany such as the Graphical Society in Berlin and
the Anthropological Society along with Rudolf Virchow, whom Rizal able to associate himself with these
academic organizations.
Through Rizal's association with German scholars, he was able to immerse himself in the potential of the
social sciences especially the diacipline of history in studying the Filipino past, culture, and identity.

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Castillo, Mary Grace

B.S. Crim 2–A

Life & Works of Rizal (00270)

Activity 1 for Midterm Period

Deadline: October 26, tomorrow not later than 11:59pm.

1. Discuss the important changes in Spain and in the Philippines.

Language - there are thousands of Filipino derived Spanish words .

— considered as Rizal's first teacher.

• Justiniano Aquino Cruz

— he supervised Rizal when he was transferred to a private school in Binan, Laguna.

• Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez

• Fr. Jose Villaclara

— he encouraged Rizal to study philosophy and natural sciences.

— professor of Sanskrit at the University of Leiden.

— director of Enthnographic Museum in Dresden.

— a naturalist who travelled to Southeast Asia.

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