General Biology 1

Quarter 1 – Module 3: Cell

Cycle: Mitosis
General Biology 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Cell Cycle: Mitosis
First Edition, 2020

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General Biology 1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Cell Cycle: Mitosis
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Cell Cycle: Mitosis

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from

public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the

standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic

constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning

activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed

21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the

module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also

need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.

Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the

module.

For the learner:

1
 Welcome to the General Biology 1 – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Cell Cycle: Mitosis

The hand is one of the most significant part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill,
action, and purpose. Through our hands we can learn, create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this
learning resource signifies that you as a learner are capable and empowered to successfully achieve
the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your
own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are
expected to learn in the

module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know
about the

lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct

(100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the
previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such
as a

story, a song, a poem, a problem – opener, an activity

or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and

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 understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your
understanding of and

skills on the topic. You may check the answers to the

exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions to be answered or blank

sentences/paragraphs to be filled out

in order to determine what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill

into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your Assessment

level of mastery in achieving the learning

competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities

lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned

concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

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The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read carefully the instruction before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed for you to learn about the exciting world of cell preparation and cell

formation as part of the cell cycle. You will dwell on and study how cells are formed. You will also

explore the distinctions between and among the phases of mitotic cellular division. In this module,

you will also have to reflect on the importance of mitosis.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Characterize the phases of the cell cycle and their control points (STEM_BIO11/12 – Id – f – 6);

2. Describe the stages of mitosis given 2n = 6 (STEM_BIO11/12 – Id – f – 7);

3. Explain the significance or applications of mitosis (STEM_BIO11/12 – Id – f – 9); and

4. Identify disorders and diseases that result from the malfunction of the cell during the cell cycle

(STEM_BIO11/12 – Id – f – 10).

What I Know

You have already learned the topic about cell cycle, mitosis in particular, during your Grade 8
Science class. Also, you have had enough background about the said topic. To test your prior
knowledge about cell cycle and mitosis, the table below is provided for you. All you have to do is to
classify the following statements by writing FACT if the statement is true and BLUFF if it is not.
After answering the table, browse your module if your answers are accurate.

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 Statement My answer Module’s answer
Interphase is the next stage of
cell division. Nothing happens
in interphase.

The cell spends most of its

time at rest.
Interphase is comprised of
smaller phases where
growth and synthesis of
DNA take place.

Cells gain weight first before

dividing.
There are four phases in
mitosis.
Read carefully each item. Identify the cell cycle stage described in every concept. Choose the letter of
your answer provided below and write it on the line before each number.

Cell cycle: Mitosis

a. Interphase
b. Prophase
c. Prometaphase
d. Metaphase
e. Anaphase
f. Telophase

_____1. The sister chromatids are moving apart.

_____2. The nucleus and other organelles are no longer visible.
_____3. A new nuclear membrane is formed around the chromosomes.
_____4. The centrioles have reached the opposite poles of the cell.
_____5. The threadlike genetic material is formed and found in the nucleus.
_____6. The chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell.
_____7. The mitotic spindle disappears.
_____8. The centromeres of chromosomes split.
_____9. The mitotic spindle is formed.
_____10. The cell actively produces protein.
_____11. The cell elongates.
_____12. Centrioles start to move toward the opposite poles of the cell.

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_____13. Cytoplasmic contents start to duplicate.
_____14. The reverse of prophase.
_____15. The mitotic spindles converge and connect to the kinetochore of chromosomes.

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 Lesson
Cell Cycle: Mitosis
1
The ability to reproduce in kind is a basic characteristic of all
living organisms. “In kind” means that the offspring of any
organism closely resemble their parent or parents. Sexual
reproduction requires fertilization, the union of gametes from
two individual organisms resulting in a fertilized egg or zygote.
Countless cell divisions subsequently occur in a controlled
manner to produce a complex, multicellular organism. In other
words, that original single cell is the ancestor of every other cell
in the body. Once an individual is fully grown, cell
reproduction is still necessary to repair or regenerate tissues. For
example, new blood and skin cells are constantly being
produced. All multicellular organisms use cell division for
growth and for the maintenance and repair of cells and tissues. For single – celled organisms, they use
cell division as their method of reproduction.

The continuity of life from one cell to another has its foundation
in the reproduction of cells by way of the cell cycle. The cell
cycle is an orderly sequence of events that describes the stages
of a cell’s life from the division of a single parent cell to the
production of two new daughter cells. The mechanisms
involved in the cell cycle are highly regulated. Mitosis is the
part of a cell cycle that results in identical daughter nuclei that
are also genetically identical to the original parent nucleus. In
mitosis, both the parent and the daughter nuclei are at the same
ploidy level
– diploid for most plants and animals. Meiosis employs many of
the same mechanisms as mitosis. However, the starting nucleus
is always diploid and the nuclei that result at the end of a meiotic cell division are haploid. Nuclear
division (karyokinesis) is usually followed by the cytoplasm into two (cytokinesis).

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 What’s In
Let us first have a short recap of the applications of cell cycle and mitosis so you can better
understand the significance of mitotic cell division.

Below are pictures which can lead you to enumerate the importance of cell cycle and mitosis. You
need to interpret each picture and so, you can state the significance of mitotic cell division.

Notes to the Teacher

This module aims to familiarize the students about the significance
of cell cycle and mitosis. Point out the role of mitotic cell division in
repairing and regenerating tissues, growth, and reproduction.

What’s New

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 Has anyone ever told you that you were “going through a phase”? A phase is a defined period
within a cycle of change. Cells go through phases, too. The sequence of phases in the life cycle of a
cell is called the cell cycle. The cell cycle has two parts: Growth and preparation (interphase) and cell
division (mitosis or meiosis). Cell division in turn is divided into two stages: Karyokinesis and
cytokinesis. Below is an activity that will help you understand the phases of cell cycle.
The figure below shows the amount of time spent by a typical cell in each phase of the cell cycle.
After observing the table, answer the given questions.

a. Which phase of cell cycle is the longest?

b. Which is the shortest?
c. What do you think is happening to the chromosomes when the cell is at the end of G 2 phase
prior to mitosis?

What is It
It has already said that cell cycle has two major parts: Interphase and cell division. This module will
be focusing on mitosis that involves the cell division of body cells (somatic). During interphase, the
cell grows and DNA is replicated. During the mitotic phase, the replicated DNA and cytoplasmic
contents are distributed, and the cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.

How does the cell prepare for mitosis while in interphase?

Interphase is the part of the cell cycle through which the cell
undergoes normal growth processes while also preparing for cell
division. In order for a cell to move from interphase into mitotic
phase, many internal and external conditions must be met.
Interphase is by far the longest part of the cell cycle – typically
about 90 percent of the total time.

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 Interphase has three stages based on the metabolic
activity taking place in the cell: G1 (first gap), S (synthesis stage), and G2 (second gap).

The phases of cell cycle happen along with the cell cycle control system. Cell cycle control system,
also called as cell cycle checkpoints, is driven by a built-in clock that can be adjusted by external
stimuli like sending chemical messages (protein). This control system is essential to ensure that the
daughter cells produced be exact duplicates of the parent cell. Mistakes in the duplication or
distribution of the chromosomes lead to mutations that may be passed on to every new cell produced
from as abnormal cell.

Cell cycle control system has three main checkpoints: G 1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and metaphase
checkpoint. G1 checkpoint is the restriction point which ensures that the cell is large enough to divide
and that enough nutrients are available to support the resulting daughter cells. If the said requirements
were met, the cell will receive a “go – ahead” signal from a protein called kinase, allowing the cell to
enter the cell cycle. If the cell doesn’t receive a “go – ahead” signal, it will exit the cell cycle and
switch to a non – dividing state called G0 (quiescent phase).

First Gap (G1)

During G1, the cell actively produces ATP, RNA, and protein. Also, during this stage, the cell
increases in size.

Synthesis Stage (S)

During the S stage, the chromosomes, specifically their DNA, replicate. As DNA replication has
ended, the cell enters another checkpoint called the G 2 checkpoint. This checkpoint ensures that DNA
replication in S phase has been successfully completed. If the said requirement was met, the cell will
receive a “go – ahead” signal from kinase, allowing the cell to enter the second gap (G 2).

Second Gap (G2)

During G2, the cell organelles duplicates. Also, the chromosomes uncoil to form the chromatin
materials which will then turn into granules. Chromatin materials are threadlike form of
chromosomes.

Thought – Provoking Question 1: A researcher treats cells with a chemical that prevents DNA
synthesis from starting. This treatment would trap the cells in which part of the cell cycle?

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What are the phases of mitosis?

Prophase

As the cell exits the second gap, the cell will now proceed to
mitosis. During prophase, the first part of mitosis, the chromatin
materials start to condense, forming discrete chromosomes. The
nucleus and other organelles of the cell start to disintegrate.
Centrioles start to move toward the opposite pole of the cell
along with the radiation of mitotic spindle between them.
Prometaphase

During prometaphase, a transition phase between prophase and

metaphase, chromatin materials have coiled to form the
chromosomes. The nucleus and other organelles are no longer
visible. The centrioles have reached the opposite poles of the
cell. Spindle fibers converge and connect to the kinetochore of
chromosomes. As the interconnection of spindle fibers to the
chromosomes, specifically to their kinetochore, has ended, the
cell enters the metaphase checkpoint. This checkpoint ensures
that all of the chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers by their kinetochore. If the said
requirement was met, the chromosomes will force to move
toward the center of the cell.

Metaphase

During metaphase, the chromosomes convene on the metaphase

plate, an imaginary plane equidistant between the two poles of
the spindle fibers.

Anaphase

Anaphase begins when the centromere of each chromosome

come apart, separating the sister chromatids. Spindle fibers will
then pull the chromatids toward the opposite poles of the cell.
Along with that action is the formation of spindle fibers between
the migrating chromatids which causes the cell to elongate.
Telophase

Telophase is roughly the

reverse of prophase. The
cell elongation that started in anaphase continues until a
constriction is formed from the outer middle portion of the cell.

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The chromosomes have reached the opposite poles of the cell. The spindle fibers start to disappear.
Nuclei and cytoplasmic contents of the daughter cells start to reform. The chromosomes start to
decondense.
Cytokinesis

During cytokinesis, in some references is referred to as the late

telophase, the nuclei and cytoplasmic contents of the daughter
cells are fully visible. The chromosomes are no longer visible.
The constriction continues forming the cleavage furrow, which
pinches the cell in two. Two new daughter cells are formed,
each with a complete set of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Thought – Provoking Question 2: Red blood cells,

which carry oxygen to body tissues, live for only about 120
days. Replacement cells are produced by cell division in bone marrow. How many cell divisions must
occur each second in your bone marrow just to replace red blood cells? Here is the information to use
in calculating your answer: There are about 5 million red blood cells per cubic millimetre (mm 3) of
blood. An average adult has about 5 L (5,000 cm 3) of blood. (Hint: What is the total number of red
blood cells in the body? What fraction of them must be replaced each day if all are replaced in 120
days?)

How can mutations lead to changes in the cell cycle?

Cell growth is carefully controlled in multicellular organisms.

Cells in some parts of your body may rarely divide or actively
divide. During the healing process of wounds, cells divide
actively. Toward completion of healing, cell division slows
down, the growth is controlled, and everything returns to
normal when the healing is done.

At times, errors happen along with cell growth. These errors

can be caused by toxic compounds, radiation, or viruses. Due to
these errors, the mitotic process can be disrupted, resulting to mutations. Mutations cause a permanent
error, or change, in the genetic material of a normal cell. The table below shows some errors in
mitosis.

Errors in Mitosis
Error in cell division Cell cycle events affected Characteristic properties

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Cancer Interphase The cell produces incorrect DNA
copies. As a result, mutated cells are
formed known as cancer cells. Cancer
cells do not respond normally to the
cell cycle control system; they divide
actively producing an abnormally
growing mass of body cells called
tumor.
Benign tumor is a lump of cancer cells
that remain at the original site

Malignant tumor is a lump of cancer

cells that can spread into neighboring
tissues and other parts of the body,
displacing normal tissue and
interrupting organ function as it goes.
This spread of cancer cells via the
circulatory system beyond their
original site is called metastasis.

Non – disjunction Anaphase The chromosomes or sister chromatids

failed to separate that may to
chromosomal mutation.

Mosaicism is a condition where some

cells in an individual have a mutant
version of a gene while other cells have
a normal version of the same gene. It
usually results from non – disjunction
of sister chromatids during fetal
development. Two examples of
diseases linked to mosaicism are
hemophilia, a
blood – clotting disorder, and
Marfan syndrome, or unusually
long limbs.

Thought – Provoking Question 3: Chemotherapy drugs such as

vincristine and colchicine disrupt mitosis by binding to tubulin,
the subunit of microtubules found in centriole and interfering
with microtubule assembly and disassembly. Exactly what
mitotic structure is targeted by these drugs and what effect
would that have on cell division?

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 What’s More
Use the table below to answer the questions about mitosis.

Growth Rate of Rapidly Dividing Human Liver Cell

Time (hours) Number of cells

0 1

10 2

20 4

30 8

40 16

50 32

a. Assuming that no cells die, how many cells will there be in one week?

b. Assuming that the original cell is diploid and divides mitotically, how many copies of each

chromosome will there be in 60 hours?

What I Have Learned

Now it’s your turn! In the light micrograph below of dividing cells near the tip of an onion root,
identify the cell/s that is/are in interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase. Describe the major events occurring at each stage.

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 HeLa cell is an immortal cell line used in scientific research.
It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line. The
line was derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February
8, 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a 31 – year – old African –
American mother of five, who died of cancer on October 4,
1951. The cell line was found to be remarkably durable and
prolific, which causes it to be used extensively in scientific
study.

The
cells
from
Lacks’
What I Can Do

cancerous cervical tumor were taken without her knowledge

or consent, which was common practice at the time. There
was no requirement at that time (or at present) to inform
patients or their relatives about such matters because
discarded material or material obtained during surgery,
diagnosis, or therapy was the property of the physician or the
medical
institution. The cells were propagated by George Otto Gey shortly before Lacks died of her cancer in
1951. This was the first human cell line to prove successful in vitro, which was a scientific

16
achievement with profound future benefit to medical research. The cells were freely donated by Gey
but later commercialized, although never patented in their original form.

Lacks’ case is one of many examples of the lack of informed consent in 20 th century medicine.
Communication between tissue donors and doctors was virtually nonexistent. Lacks’ family also had
no access to her patient files and had no say in who received HeLa cells or what they would be used
for. Additionally, as HeLa cells were popularized and used more frequently throughout the scientific
community, Lacks’ relatives received no financial benefit and continued to live with limited access to
healthcare. This issue of who owns tissue samples taken for research was brought up in the Supreme
Court of California. The court ruled that a person’s discarded tissue and cells are not his or her
property and can be commercialized

In your point of view as a senior high school STEM student, do you think the Henrietta Lacks’
relatives were treated fairly? Is there anything else you would like to know about this case that might
help you decide? Explain your answer using the concepts that you have learned from this module.

Assessment
Let’s see how well you have enjoyed the amazing world of cell cycle and mitosis by answering the
following questions. Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

_____1. Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of the cell cycle?
a. G1 phase c. Prophase
b. S phase d. Prometaphase

_____2. Which of the following events DOES NOT occur during some stages of interphase?
a. DNA duplication c. Increase in cell size
b. Organelle duplication d. Separation of sister chromatids

_____3. In which cell structure do mitotic spindles arise from?

a. Centromere c. Kinetochore
b. Centrosome d. Cleavage furrow

_____4. Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the attachment of mitotic spindle fibers to
kinetochores?
a. Prophase c. Metaphase
b. Prometaphase d. Anaphase

_____5. During which stage of mitosis do unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a
new nuclear envelope happen?
a. Prometaphase c. Anaphase
b. Metaphase d. Telophase

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_____6. Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
a. Prometaphase c. Anaphase
b. Metaphase d. Telophase

_____7. During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes become visible under a light
microscope?
a. Prophase c. Metaphase
b. Prometaphase d. Anaphase

_____8. What structure forms by the fusing of Golgi vesicles at the metaphase plate of
dividing plant cells?
a. Cell plate c. Cleavage furrow
b. Actin ring d. Mitotic spindle

_____9. What is the main prerequisite for clearance at the G 2 checkpoint?

a. Cell has reached a sufficient size
b. An adequate stockpile of nucleotides
c. Accurate and complete DNA replication
d. Proper attachment of mitotic spindle fibers to kinetochores

_____10. If the M checkpoint is not cleared, what stage of mitosis will be blocked?
a. Prophase c. Metaphase
b. Prometaphase d. Anaphase

_____11. Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prophase in
terms of nuclear changes?
a. Telophase c. Interphase
b. Metaphase d. Anaphase

_____12. A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory and
found that the quantity in a cell doubled _____.
a. between prophase and anaphase of mitosis
b. during the M phase of the cell cycle
c. between the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle
d. between anaphase and telophase of mitosis

_____13. If you were to alter the duplication of DNA in a cell producing incorrect copies of
DNA, which of the following would you hypothesize to most likely be the outcome of your
experimentation?
a. Uncontrolled cell division c. Both a and b
b. The cell becomes cancerous d. Neither a nor b

_____14. A micrograph of a dividing cell from a mouse showed 19 chromosomes, each

consisting of two sister chromatids. During which of the following stages of cell cycle could
this picture have been taken?
a. Prophase c. Anaphase
b. Telophase d. Interphase

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_____15. If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original
chromosome but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called
_____.
a. Translocation c. Non – disjunction
b. Cancer cell formation d. Tumor

Additional Activities
I know! You can’t get enough of the incomparable scientific adventure of cell cycle and
mitosis. Don’t worry, you won’t miss out with the following additional exciting mind and hand
activity!

Every year about a million individuals are diagnosed as having cancer. This means that about
75 million individuals now living will eventually have cancer, and one in five will die of the disease.
There are many kinds of cancers and many causes of the disease. For example, smoking causes most
lung cancers. Overexposure to ultraviolet rays in sunlight causes most skin cancers. There is evidence
that a high – fat, low – fiber diet is a factor in breast, colon, and prostate cancers. And agents in the
workplace such as asbestos and vinyl chloride are also implicated as causes of cancer. Hundreds of
millions of money are spent each year in the search for effective treatments for cancer; far less money
is spent preventing cancer.

For your task: Make an illustration (with a title) showing your own perspective in preventing
cancer that will answer to the following questions: Why might this be the case? What kinds of
lifestyle changes could we make to help prevent cancer? What kinds of prevention programs could be
initiated or strengthened to encourage these changes? What factors might impede such changes and
programs? Should we devote more of our resources to treating cancer or preventing it? Why? Your
product will be assessed based on the following criteria: organization and content accuracy,
appropriateness of elements, creativity, and appearance. The actual rubric to be used in assessing your
product will be found on page 19.

19
 Rubric for Illustration Making
Criteria Exceeds (12) Good (9) Fair (6) Poor (3)
Organization and All ideas are easily Most of the ideas Most of the ideas The ideas are not
Content distinguishable and are distinguishable are not detailed, they look like
Accuracy accurately detailed and accurately distinguishable and uniformed and/or
(_____/12) detailed. more misshapen making
details are needed them indistinguishable.
in order for them
to identify.

Appropriateness of Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate Inappropriate materials

Elements (_____/12) materials were materials were materials were were selected and
selected and selected and there selected contributed to the
creatively modified was an attempt at product that performed
in ways that made creative poorly.
them better. modification to
make them better.

Creativity The product is very The product is The product is The product lacks
(_____/12) creative and eye creative. Lots of somewhat creativity and looks
catching. Great use colors, shapes, and creative. Not very messy. Lacks colors,
of colors, texture, appealing design appealing. Limited shapes, and appealing
and shapes. are used. use of creative design
materials. Limited
used of colors,
shapes, and
appealing design.

Appearance Great care taken in Construction was Construction is Construction appears

(_____/12) construction careful and accurate, but 3 – 4 careless. Many details
process so that the accurate for the details could have need refinement for a
structure is neat, most part but 1 – 2 been refined for strong or attractive
attractive, and details could have a more accurate product.
accurate. been refined for product.
a more attractive
product.

Total: _____ + 2 =
_____/50

20
 21
Additional Assessment: What I Can Do:
Activities:
1 .B Students’ answers
Students’ answers 2 .D may vary.
may vary. 3 .B
4 .B
5 .D
6 .C
7 .A
8 .A
9 .D
10 .C
11 .A
12 .C
13 .C
14 .A
15 .C
What I Have Learned: What’s More:
Students’ answer may Students’ answer may
vary. vary.
What is It: What’s New: What’s In: What I Know:
How does the cell a.Interphase Students’ answer Part I
b.Anaphase may vary. Students’ answer may
prepare for mitosis
c.Cell’s DNA
while in vary
material
interphase? replicates
Students’ answer Part II
may vary.
1 .E 14.
What are the F
phases of mitosis? 2 .C 15.
Students’ answer C
3 .F
may vary.
4 .C
How can mutations 5 .A
lead to changes in 6 .D
the cell cycle? 7 .F
8 .E
Students’ answer
9 .B
may vary. 10 .A
11 .E
12 .B
13 .A
14 .
Answer Key
References
Belardo, Gisselle Millete M., et al. (2016). General Biology 1. Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal
Group, Inc. Pp. 104 – 139.

Calsado, Chuckie Fer, et al. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School: General Biology 1.
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph