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    Lect 9. Steel Classification and Properties

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    Rio Bui
    The document discusses steel classification and properties. It begins by defining steel as an iron-carbon alloy containing 0.002-2% carbon. Steel is then classified based on carbon content and other alloying elements. Stainless steel, containing at least 13% chromium, is discussed next along with its various grades defined by crystalline structure. Common steel grades from standards organizations are also outlined. The document concludes by examining the mechanical properties of steel, including effects of carbon content, stress-strain curves, strengths, toughness, ductility and hardness.

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    Lect 9. Steel Classification and Properties

    Uploaded by

    Rio Bui
    95 views28 pages
    The document discusses steel classification and properties. It begins by defining steel as an iron-carbon alloy containing 0.002-2% carbon. Steel is then classified based on carbon content and other alloying elements. Stainless steel, containing at least 13% chromium, is discussed next along with its various grades defined by crystalline structure. Common steel grades from standards organizations are also outlined. The document concludes by examining the mechanical properties of steel, including effects of carbon content, stress-strain curves, strengths, toughness, ductility and hardness.

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    The document discusses steel classification and properties. It begins by defining steel as an iron-carbon alloy containing 0.002-2% carbon. Steel is then classified based on carbon content and other alloying elements. Stainless steel, containing at least 13% chromium, is discussed next along with its various grades defined by crystalline structure. Common steel grades from standards organizations are also outlined. The document concludes by examining the mechanical properties of steel, including effects of carbon content, stress-strain curves, strengths, toughness, ductility and hardness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    95 views28 pages

    Lect 9. Steel Classification and Properties

    Uploaded by

    Rio Bui
    The document discusses steel classification and properties. It begins by defining steel as an iron-carbon alloy containing 0.002-2% carbon. Steel is then classified based on carbon content and other alloying elements. Stainless steel, containing at least 13% chromium, is discussed next along with its various grades defined by crystalline structure. Common steel grades from standards organizations are also outlined. The document concludes by examining the mechanical properties of steel, including effects of carbon content, stress-strain curves, strengths, toughness, ductility and hardness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    CAVITRON

    Internal Training Program


    Topic 8 : Steel Classification and Properties

    Presented by Q.T. Bui


    Daejeon, 21st Oct 2021

    1
    Contents
    › Steel and Classification
    › Stainless Steel
    › Steel Grades
    › Material Properties
    › Mechanical Properties

    2
    ENGINEERING MATERIAL OVERVIEW

    3
    STEEL AND CLASSIFICATION
    Steels are iron–carbon alloys ( about 0.002% to
    2 % carbon) that may contain appreciable
    concentrations of other alloying elements.
    Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to
    iron trades its great ductility for the greater
    strength.

    4
    STEEL AND CLASSIFICATION
    Ferrous metals
    Carbon < 0.006% Carbon >2%
    Pure Iron/Wrought Iron Carbon: 0.006-2% Cast iron
    Steel
    Grey
    (2.5-4% C, 1-3% Si)
    Plain carbon steel (CS) Low alloy steel (LA) Medium alloy steel High alloy steel
    (Non-alloy steel) (Alloy Elements <5%) (Alloy Element <12%) (Alloy Element >12%) White
    (1.8-3.6% C, 0.5-1.9 Si,
    Low CS (mild steel) Low carbon LA Nickel steels Stainless steel 1-2% Mn)
    0.1-0.3% C <0.25% C (>13% Cr)
    Nickel-chrome- - Austenitic
    molybdenum steels - Ferritic Malleable
    Medium CS Medium carbon LA (Annealed White)
    - Duplex
    0.3-0.6% C 0.25-0.6% C - Martensitic
    - Precipitation hardening Ductile
    High CS High carbon LA (3.2-3.6% C, 2.2-2.8% Si,
    0.6-1.5% 0.6-1.4% C Tool steel 0.1-0.2% Mn)
    Water-hardening
    Cold-hardening, Air-hardening
    High-strength Low Alloy Steel (HSLA) High Carbon-chromium
    Shock-resisting
    High-speed
    Hot-working, special purpose
    Steel classification by carbon content

    5
    STAINLESS STEEL
    Stainless steel is a family of corrosion resistant steels containing chromium (at
    least 13% by weight). Stainless steels may also be graded into five basic families
    or phases determined by their crystalline structure:

    • Austenitic Stainless Steel (Stable phase)

    • Ferritic Stainless Steel (Stable phase)

    • Duplex Stainless Steel (mixture of austenite and ferrite microstructures that


    combine some of the features of each class:
     resistance to stress corrosion cracking – but inferior to ferritic steel;
     superior toughness to ferritic steel – but inferior to austenitic steel;
     roughly twice the strength of austenitic steel;
     superior resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking;
     high resistance to chloride ions attack;
     high weldability.)

    • Martensitic Stainless Steel (phase created when some steels are quenched
    from a high temperature to increase hardness and corrosion resistance)

    • Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel (heat treatment used to develop very


    high tensile strengths)

    6
    STAINLESS STEEL
    Series 300

    Type 304 stainless steel is a T 300 Series Stainless Steel austenitic. It


    has a minimum of 18% chromium and 8% nickel, combined with a
    maximum of 0.08% carbon.

    Series 200

    7
    STAINLESS STEEL
    Grades

    8
    STEEL GRADES
    Steel grades are used to classify various steels based on their unique properties such as chemical composition and properties.
    Steel grades have been developed by a number of standards organizations.

    Grades of Steel Chart

    9
    SAE STEEL GRADES
    Carbon and alloy steels Carbon and alloy steel grades Tool steel grades

    10
    SAE STEEL GRADES
    Carbon and alloy steel grades

    11
    SAE STEEL GRADES
    Stainless steel grades

    12
    PROPERTIES OF STEEL
    Mechanical / physical properties

    13
    PROPERTIES OF STEEL
    Chemical composition Effect of carbon content on
    Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements. mechanical properties of steel
    C – Carbon
    Mn – Manganese
    P – Phosphorous
    S – Sulphur
    Si – Silicon
    Cu – Copper
    Ni – Nickel
    Cr – Chromium
    Mo – Molybdenum
    V – Vanadium
    Cb (Nb) – Columbium (Niobium)
    Ti – Titanium
    Al – Aluminum
    N – Nitrogen
    B - Boron
    Sn - Tin
    Ca – Calcium

    Increasing Carbon Content (%)


     Increases hardness, brittleness, yield point, tensile strength
     Reduces ductility, plasticity, air corrosion resistance, weldability

    14
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
    Mechanical properties: Strength, toughness,
    ductility, hardness.

    True curve
    Tensile strength Engineering
    curve

    (Elasticity)
    (Plasticity)

    Stress-Strain Curves

    15
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Brittle Semi Ductile Ductile


    Break Break Break

    Stress-Strain Behavior of Materials Stress-Strain Curves for iron and


    different grades of steel

    16
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    17
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    18
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    19
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
    Some examples:

    20
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    21
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    22
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    23
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    24
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    25
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    26
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    ANSWERS …

    27
    THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

    28

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