GATE 2018

Civil Engineering
Date of Test 11-02-2018 : Shift -1
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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

GENERAL APTITUDE
Q.1 The temperature T in a room varies as a function of the outside temperature T0 and the
number of persons in the room p, according to the relation T = K(θp + T0), where θ
is K are constants. What would be the value of θ given the following data?

T0 p T
25 2 32.4
30 5 42.0
(a) 0.8 (b) 1.0
(c) 2.0 (d) 10.0

Ans. (b)
32.4 = K (2θ + 25) ...(i)
42 = K (5θ + 30) ...(ii)
θ=1

Q.2 “The driver applied the _______ as soon as she approached the hotel where she wanted
to take a _________.”
The words that best fill the blanks in the above sentence are
(a) brake, break (b) break, break
(c) brake, brake (d) break, brake

Ans. (a)
• Brake is a device which is used for stopping or moving a vehicle.
• Break refers to a pause in work or during an activity.

Q.3 Tower A is 90 m tall and tower B is 140 m tall. They are 100 m apart. A horizontal skywalk
connects the floors at 70 m in both the towers. If a taut rope connects the top of tower
A to the bottom of tower B, at what distance (in meters) from tower A will the rope intersect
the skywalk?

Ans. (22.22)
B

A
140 m

20 m E
M
90 m

70 m

P C
100 m
ΔAME ≈ ΔAPC
AM ME
=
AP PC

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

20 ME
⇒ =
90 100
⇒ ME = 22.22

Q.4 “It is no surprise that every society has had codes of behaviour; however, the nature
of these codes is often _________.”
The word that best fills the blank in the above sentence is
(a) unpredictable (b) simple
(c) expected (d) strict

Ans. (a)
Unpredictable - Contrary word required

Q.5 Hema’s age is 5 years more than twice Hari’s age. Suresh’s age is 13 years less than
10 times Hari’s age. If Suresh is 3 times as old as Hema. How old is Hema?
(a) 14 (b) 17
(c) 18 (d) 19

Ans. (d)
Using options (a) and (c) cannot be answer.
As Hema’s age = 2n +5, where n is a natural number.
(2n + 5 ≠ 14) ⎫
⎬ for any natural number n
(2n + 5 ≠ 18) ⎭
(b) and (d) remains
Let us take Hema’s age as option (d) which is 19.
So, Hari’s age = 7 and Suresh age = 57
Verifies all condition “answer (d)”
Alternate Method
Hema = 2 Hari + 5
Suresh = 10 Hari – 13 = 3 Hema
Solving equations.
Hari =7
Hema = 19
Suresh = 57

1 1
Q.6 Consider a sequence of number a1, a2, a3, ...., an where an = − , for each
n n+2
integer n > 0. What is the sum of the first 50 terms?

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1
(a) ⎜⎝ 1 + ⎟⎠ − (b) ⎜ 1 + ⎟+
2 50 ⎝ 2⎠ 50
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞
(c) ⎜⎝ 1+ ⎟⎠ − ⎜⎝ + ⎟ (d) 1 − ⎜ +
2 51 52⎠ ⎝ 51 52 ⎟⎠

Ans. (c)
Sum of series will be
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞
⎜⎝ 1 − ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ ....... ⎜⎝ − ⎟ +⎜
⎠ ⎝
− ⎟ +⎜
⎠ ⎝
− ⎟
3 2 4 3 5 48 50 49 51 50 52 ⎠
All like terms will cancel out and we will be left with
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞
⎜⎝ 1 + ⎟⎠ − ⎜⎝ + ⎟
2 51 52 ⎠

Q.7 A fruit seller sold a basket of fruits at 12.5% loss. Had he sold it for Rs. 108 more,
he would have made a 10% gain. What is the loss in Rupees incurred by the fruit seller?
(a) 48 (b) 52
(c) 60 (d) 108

Ans. (c)
12.5%x + 10%x = 108
108
x=
22.5
12.5
So loss 108 × = 60
22.5

Q.8 Each of the letters arranged as below represents a unique from 1 to 9. The letters are
positioned in the figure such that (A × B × C), (B × G × E) and (D × E × F) are equal.
Which integer among the following choices cannot be represented by the letters A, B,
C, D, E, F or G?
A D
B G E
C F
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 9

Ans. (b)
A × B × C = B × G × E = D × E × F = 72
8 × 9 × 1 = 9 × 2 × 4 = 3 × 4 × 6 = 72
Any of A, B, C, D, E, F, G cannot be 5.

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Q.9 The price of a wire made of a superalloy material is proportional to the square of its
length. The price of 10 m length of the wire is Rs. 1600. What would be the total price
(in Rs.) of two wires of lengths 4 m and 6 m?
(a) 768 (b) 832
(c) 1440 (d) 1600

Ans. (b)
C ∝ W2
C = kW2
⇒ C = k (10)2 = 100k = 1600 ⇒ k = 16
C1 = k (4)2 = 16k
C2 = k (6)2 = 36k
Now total cost = 52k = 52 × 16 = 832

Q.10 What of the following function(s) in an accurate description of the graph for the range(s)
indicated?

1
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x

–1

–2

–3

(a) y = 2x + 4 for –3 ≤ x ≤ – 1 (b) y = | x – 1| for –1 ≤ x ≤ 2

(c) y = x − 1 for –1 ≤ x ≤ 2 (d) y = 1 for 2 ≤ x ≤ 3

(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) only (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) only
(c) (i) and (iv) only (d) (ii) and (iv) only

Ans. (b)
Put value and verify
(i) y = 2x + 4 is true in –3 ≤ x ≤ – 1
On putting x = –3, y = –2 and x = –2, y = 0 and x = –1, y = 2
(ii) y = |x – 1| is also true (x = –1, y = 2), (x = 0, y = 1) and (x = 1, y = 0)
(iv) y = 1 in (2 ≤ x ≤ 3) always true
(i), (ii) and (iv) are true.

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

CIVIL ENGINEERING
Q.1 A solid circular beam with radius of 0.25 m and length of 2 m is subjected to a twisting
moment of 20 kNm about the z-axis at the free end, which is the only load acting as
shown in the figure. The stress component τxy at Point ‘M ’ in the cross-section of the
beam at a distance of 1 m from the fixed end is
x Point M
20 kNm
M
z y

2m Cross-Section

(a) 0.0 MPa (b) 0.51 MPa

(c) 0.815 MPa (d) 2.0 MPa

Ans. (a)

x
T
Material element aligned with
cylindrical coordinate axes

y All other stress

θ Radial components
ρ direction ρ are zero

z
T

τzθ Longitudinal
direction z
Circumferential τ θz
direction θ We will often call
τθz = τzθ = τ

A B

τzθ max Z

T
A B

The only non-zero stresses are τθz = τzθ = τ, if θ is 90° then θ = y

Hence τzy = τyz = τmax = 16T/πd3 = 0.815 MPa

But in rest of the planes shear stresses are zero, hence, τxy = τyx = 0

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 Detailed Solutions of
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Q.2 In a fillet weld, the direct shear stress and bending tensile stress are 50 MPa and
150 MPa, respectively. As per IS 800: 2007, the equivalent stress (in MPa, up to two
decimal places) will be __________.

Ans. (173.21)
Direct bending tensile stress,
fa = 150 MPa
Direct shear stress, q = 50 MPa
According to IS 800 : 2007, clause 10.5.10.1.1

fu
The equivalent stress, fe = fa 2 + 3q 2 ≤
3 γ mw

fe = 1502 + 3 × 502 = 173.21 MPa

fu ⎛ 400 ⎞
⇒ fe ≤ ⎜⎝ = = 184.75 MPa⎟
⎠
(Hence OK)
3 γ mw 3 × 1.25

Note: The above check for combination of stresses need not be done for fillet welds
where the sum of normal and shear stresses does not exceed fwd [Clause 10.5.10.1.2 (b)].
Thus, fa + q = 150 + 50 = 200 MPa
fa + q > fwd (= 184.75 MPa)
⇒ fe = 173.21 MPa
Thus, the weld is designed for an equivalent stress of 173.21 MPa.

Q.3 The percent reduction in the bearing capacity of a strip footing resting on sand under
flooding condition (water level at the base of the footing) when compared to the situation
where the water level is at a depth much greater than the width of footing, is approximately
(a) 0 (b) 25
(c) 50 (d) 100

Ans. (b)
For strip footing on sand (c = 0)
qu = γDfNq + 0.5BγNγ
In flooding condition water level rises to base of footing hence IIIrd term unit weight
of soil will change and IInd term unit weight will be unaffected.
∴ qu = γDfNq + 0.5Bγ′Nγ

1
∵ γ′  γ sat
2
Hence third term reduced and second term will be same thereby percentage reduction
will not be 50%.
According to option approach answer should be 25%.

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Note: If water table rises to ground level then both γ will reduce to γ′ hence percentage
reduction would be approximately 50%.

Q.4 The deformation in concrete due to sustained loading is

(a) creep (b) hydration
(c) segregation (d) shrinkage

Ans. (a)
Creep is inelastic deformation with time due to sustained loading.

Q.5 The speed-density relationship for a road section is shown in the figure.
Speed

Density

The shape of the flow-density relationship is

(a) piecewise linear (b) parabolic
(c) initially linear then parabolic (d) initially parabolic then linear

Ans. (c)
Speed

FLow

Pa

ar
rab

i ne
L
olic

Density Density

Q.6 A steel column of ISHB 350 @ 72.4 kg/m is subjected to a factored axial compressive
load of 2000 kN. The load is transferred to a concrete pedestal of grade M20 through
a square base plate. Consider bearing of concrete as 0.45 fck, where fck is the characteristic
strength of concrete. Using limit state method and neglecting the self weight of base
plate and steel column, the length of a side of the base plate to be provided is
(a) 39 cm (b) 42 cm
(c) 45 cm (d) 48 cm

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (d)
Factored load
Area required for base plate =
Bearing capacity of concrete
2000 × 103
= = 222222.222 mm2
0.45 × 20
So, side of base plate = Area
= 471.4 mm
= 47.14 cm
Since, provided area must be more than required so answer should be 48 cm.

Q.7 For routing of flood in a given channel using the Muskingum method, two of the routing
coefficients are estimated as C0 = –0.25 and C1 = 0.55. The value of the third coefficient
C2 would be _______.

Ans. (0.7)
In Muskingum flood routing method C0 + C1 + C2 = 1
⇒ C2 = 1 – (–0.25) – 0.55 = 0.7

Q.8 A column of height h with a rectangular cross-section of size a × 2a has a buckling load
of P. If the cross-section is changed to 0.5a × 3a and its height changed to 1.5h, the
buckling load of the redesigned column will be
P P
(a) (b)
12 4
P 3P
(c) (d)
2 4

Ans. (a)
π 2E Imin
For column, P=
L2
⎛ 2a × a 3 ⎞
π 2E ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠ π2Ea 4
= =
h2 6 h2
⎡ 3a × (0.5a)3 ⎤
π2E ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 12 ⎥⎦
For new column, P′ =
(1.5h)2
1 π2Ea4 P
= × =
12 6h2 12

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
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Q.9 Bernoulli’s equation is applicable for

(a) viscous and compressible fluid flow
(b) inviscid and compressible fluid flow
(c) inviscid and incompressible fluid flow
(d) viscous and incompressible fluid flow

Ans. (c)

Q.10 The frequency distribution of the compressive strength of 20 concrete cube specimen
is given in the table.

Number of specimens with

f (MPa)
compressive strength equal to f

23 4
28 2
22.5 5
31 5
29 4

If μ is the mean strength of the specimens and σ is the standard deviation, the number
of specimens (out of 20) with compressive strength less than μ – 3σ is ________.

Ans. (0)
Average strength,

(4 × 23) + (2 × 28) + (5 × 22.5) + (5 × 31) + (4 × 29)

μ= = 26.575 MPa
20

Σ (μ − f )
2
σ=
n −1

(26.575 − 23)2 × 4 + (26.575 − 28)2 × 2 + (26.575 − 22.5)2 × 5

+ (26.575 − 31) × 5 + (26.575 − 29 ) × 4
2 2
= = 3.7
(20 − 1)
Now, μ – 3σ = 26.575 – 3 × 3.7 = 15.48
Thus, no specimen is having compressive strength less than μ – 3σ.

Q.11 The width of a square footing and the diameter of a circular footing are equal. If both
the footings are placed on the surface of sandy soil, the ratio of the ultimate bearing
capacity of circular footing to that of square footing will be
4
(a) (b) 1
3
3 2
(c) (d)
4 3

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
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Ans. (c)
Footing placed on surface
∴ Df = 0
For square footing, qu = CNc + γDf Nq + 0.4BγNγ
For circular footing, qu = CNc + γDf Nq + 0.3BγNγ
For sandy soil, C= 0
(qu )circular 3
Ratio =
(qu )square 4

Q.12 In a shrinkage limit test, the volume and mass of a dry soil pat are found to be 50 cm3
and 88 g. respectively. The specific gravity of the soil solids is 2.71 and the density
of water is 1 g/cc. The shrinkage limit (in % up to two decimal places) is ________.

Ans. (19.90)
Dry soil mass = 88 gm
Volume of dry soil = 50 cc
Dry density of soil mass,
Md 88
ρd = = gm/cc
Vd 50

1 1 1 1
∵ Shrinkage limit, ws = − = −
R G (ρd / ρw ) G
ρw 1 1 1
ws = − = − = 0.1990 = 19.90%
ρd G 1.76 2.71

Q.13 A core cutter of 130 mm height has inner and outer diameters of 100 mm and 106 mm.
respectively. The area ratio of the core cutter (in %, up to two decimal places) is ________.

Ans. (12.36)
π 2 π 2
Aouter − Ainner D0 − Di
Area ratio = × 100 = 4 4 × 100
Ainner π 2
Di
4
π π
4
(106)2 − 4 (100)2
= × 100 = 12.36%
π
4
(100) 2

Q.14 Two rectangular under-reinforced concrete beam sections X and Y are similar in all
aspects except that the longitudinal compression reinforcement in section Y is 10% more.
Which one of the following is the correct statement?

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 Detailed Solutions of
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(a) Section X has less flexural strength and is less ductile than section Y
(b) Section X has less flexural strength but is more ductile than section Y
(c) Section X and Y have equal flexural strength but different ductility
(d) Sections X and Y have equal flexural strength and ductility.

Ans. (a)
Section X Section Y

Asc 1.1 Asc

NA
d
NA

Ast Ast

A B
Due to presence of more compression steel in section Y, NA of section of Y is above
than as of X. It means Y is more under-reinforced than X so ductility of Y is more.
Since compression steel of Y is more so flexure resistance of X is less than as of Y.

Q.15 At the point x = 0, the function f (x) = x3 has

(a) local maximum (b) local minimum
(c) both local maximum and minimum (d) neither local maximum nor local minimum

Ans. (d)
f(x) = x3 at x = 0
y
y = x3

x
Point of inflexion

At x = 0, the function y = x3 has neither minima nor maxima.

Q.16 A well-designed signalized intersection is one in which the

(a) crossing conflicts are increased
(b) total delay is minimized
(c) cycle time is equal to the sum of red and green times in all phases
(d) cycle time is equal to the sum of red and yellow times in all phases

Ans. (b)

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 Detailed Solutions of
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Q.17 A flow field is given by u = y2, v = – xy, w = 0. Value of the z-component of the angular
velocity (in radians per unit time, up to two decimal places) at the point (0, –1,1) is ______.

Ans. (1.5)

1 ⎡ ∂v ∂u ⎤
ωz = 2 ⎢ ∂x − ∂y ⎥
⎣ ⎦

1⎡ ∂ ∂ 2⎤
= 2 ⎢ ∂x ( -xy ) − ∂y ( y ) ⎥
⎣ ⎦

1
=
2
[ −y − 2y ]
3y
= −
2
3
At point (0, –1, 1) ωz = − × −1 = 1.50 rad/s
2

Q.18 A bitumen sample has been graded as VG30 as per IS : 73-2013. The ‘30’ in the grade
means that
(a) penetration of bitumen at 25°C is between 20 and 40
(b) viscosity of bitumen at 60°C is between 2400 and 3600 Poise
(c) ductility of bitumen at 27°C is more than 30 cm
(d) elastic recovery of bitumen at 15°C is more than 30%

Ans. (b)

Q.19 The Le Chatelier apparatus is used to determine

(a) compressive strength of cement (b) fineness of cement
(c) setting time of cement (d) soundness of cement

Ans. (d)
Le Chatelier Apparatus is used to determine the soundness of cement as per IS code
4031 (part 3); this cement testing procedure is called Le Chatelier test for determining
the unsoundness properties of cement due to presence of “free lime”.

Q.20 A city generates 40 × 106 kg of municipal solid waste (MSW) per year, out of which
only 10% is recovered/recycled and the rest goes to landfill. The landfill has a single
lift of 3 m height and is compacted to a density of 550 kg/m3. If 80% of the landfill
is assumed to be MSW, the landfill area (in m2, up to one decimal place) required would
be ______.

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
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Ans. (27272.7)
Total weight generated by city = 40 × 106 kg/year
Weight of MSW going into landfill
= 0.9 × 40 × 106 kg/year
= 36 × 106 kg/year
Compacted density = 550 kg/m3
Compacted volume of MSW

36 × 106 kg/year
= = 65454.5454 m3/year
550 kg/m3
Total landfill volume = Volume of MSW + Volume of cover
Given, Volume of MSW = 0.8 × Total landfill volume
∴ Volume of cover = 0.2 × Total landfill volume

65454.5454 3
∴ Total landfill volume = m /year = 81818.18175 m3 /year
0.8
Height of landfill = 3 m

81818.18175
∴ Area of landfill = = 27272.7 m2/year
3

Q.21 There are 20,000 vehicles operating in a city with an average annual travel of 12,000 km
per vehicle. The NOx emission rate is 2.0 g/km per vehicle. The total annual release of
NOx will be
(a) 4,80,000 kg (b) 4,800 kg
(c) 480 kg (d) 48 kg

Ans. (a)
Total no. of kms. travelled by all the vehicles
= 20000 × 12000 km = 24 × 107 km
Total NOx emission = 2 g/km × 24 × 107 km
= 48 × 107 g
= 48 × 104 kg

Q.22 For the given orthogonal matrix Q,

⎡ 3 2 6 ⎤
⎢ 7 7 7 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
Q = ⎢−
6 3 2 ⎥
⎢ 7 7 7 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2 6
−
3⎥
⎢⎣ 7 7 7 ⎥⎦

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

The inverse is

⎡ 3 2 6⎤ ⎡ 3 2 6⎤
⎢ 7 7 7⎥ ⎢− 7 − 7 − 7⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 6 3 2⎥ ⎢ 6 3 2⎥
(a) ⎢ − (b) ⎢ − −
7 7 7⎥ 7 7 7⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2 6 3 ⎢− 2 − 6 3 ⎥
− ⎥
⎣⎢ 7 7 7 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 7 7 7 ⎥⎦

⎡3 6 2⎤ ⎡ 3 6 2⎤
⎢7 − 7 7 ⎥ ⎢− 7 7 − 7⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢2 3 6⎥ ⎢ 2 3 6⎥
(c) ⎢ (d) − − −
7 7 7⎥ ⎢ 7 7 7⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 6 2 3
− ⎥ ⎢− 6 − 2 3 ⎥
⎢⎣ 7 7 7 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 7 7 7 ⎥⎦

Ans. (c)
3 ⎛ 9 12 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 18 4 ⎞ 6 ⎛ −36 6 ⎞
|Q | = ⎜− − ⎟− ⎜ − ⎟+ ⎜ − ⎟ = −1
7 ⎝ 49 49 ⎠ 7 ⎝ 49 49 ⎠ 7 ⎝ 49 49 ⎠

⎡ 21 42 14 ⎤
⎢ − 49 49 − 49 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ − 14 − 21 − 42 ⎥
Adj. Q = ⎢ 49 49 49 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ − 42 − 14 21 ⎥
⎢⎣ 49 49 42 ⎥⎦

⎡3 6 2⎤
⎢7 − 7 7 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
Adj Q ⎢ 2 3 6⎥
∴ Q–1 = =
|Q | ⎢7 7 7⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 6 2 − 3⎥
⎣⎢ 7 7 7 ⎦⎥
Or ∵ Q is orthogonal
∴ Q–1 = QT

Q.23 A 10 m wide rectangular channel carries a discharge of 20 m3/s under critical condition.
Using g = 9.81 m/s2, the specific energy (in m, up to two decimal places) is _________

Ans. (1.11)
3
Ec = yc
2
1/3
⎛ q2 ⎞
yc = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ g⎠

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

20
Here, q= =2
10
1/3
3 ⎛ 22 ⎞
⇒ Ec = ⎜ = 1.11 m
2 ⎝ 9.81⎟⎠

Q.24 A 1:50 model of a spillway is to be tested in the laboratory. The discharge in the prototype
spillway is 1000 m3/s. The corresponding discharge (in m3/s up to two decimal places)
to be maintained in the model, neglecting variation in acceleration due to gravity, is
_________.

Ans. (0.06)
Froude law is valid
Qr = Lr2.5

Qm 2.5
⎛ 1⎞
Qp = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 50⎠

2.5
Qm ⎛ 1⎞
= ⎜ ⎟
1000 ⎝ 50⎠

Qm = 0.0566 m3/s
So, Qm  0.06 m3/s

Q.25 Which one of the following matrices is singular?

⎡ 2 5⎤ ⎡3 2 ⎤
(a) ⎢ ⎥ (b) ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 3⎦ ⎣2 3 ⎦

⎡2 4 ⎤ ⎡4 3 ⎤
(c) ⎢ ⎥ (d) ⎢ ⎥
⎣3 6 ⎦ ⎣6 2 ⎦

Ans. (c)
Option (a): |A| = 6 – 5 = 1
Option (b): |A| = 9 – 4 = 5
Option (c): |A| = 12 – 12 = 0
Option (d): |A| = 8 – 18 = –10
Hence matrix (c) is singular.

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Q.26 A waste activated sludge (WAS) is to be blended with green waste (GW). The carbon
(C) and nitrogen (N) contents, per kg of WAS and GW on dry basis are given in the
table.

Parameter WAS GW
Carbon (g) 54 360
Nitrogen (g) 10 6

The ratio of WAS to GW required (up to two decimal places) to achieved a blended C:N
ratio of 20:1 on dry basis is __________.

Ans. (1.64)
Let 20 kg of C and 1 kg of N is required
Let x kg of WAS is taken
∴ Carbon in x kg = 0.054 x kg
Nitrogen in x kg = 0.010 x kg
Let y kg of GW is taken
∴ Carbon in y kg = 0.360 y kg
Nitrogen in y kg = 0.006 y kg
Total Carbon,
0.054x + 0.36 y = 20 kg ...(i)
Total Nitrogen,
0.01x + 0.006 y = 1 kg ...(ii)
x = 73.26 kg
y = 44.566 kg

x WAS
∴
y = GW = 1.6438  1.64

Q.27 Variation of water depth (y) in a gradually varied open channel flow is given by the first
order differential equation

10
− ln(y )
dy 1− e 3
=
d x 250 − 45e −3ln(y )

Given initial conditions: y(x = 0) = 0.8 m. The depth (in m, up to three decimal places)
of flow at a downstream section at x = 1 from one calculation step of Single Step Euler
Method is _______.

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (0.793)
10
− lny
dy 1− e 3
=
dx 250 − 45e−3lny

y0 = 0.8 m
y1

x0 = 0 x1 = 1 m
h=1m

y1 = y0 + hf(x0, y0)

⎡ 10
− ln0.8 ⎤
⎢ 1− e 3 ⎥
⇒ y1 = 0.8 + 1⎢ −3ln0.8 ⎥
⎢ 250 − 45e ⎥
⎣ ⎦

⎛ −1.1039 ⎞
= 0.8 + 1⎜
⎝ 162.109 ⎟⎠
= 0.793 m

Q.28 A rapid sand filter comprising a number of filter beds is required to produce 99 MLD
of potable water. Consider water loss during backwashing as 5%, rate of filtration as
6.0 m/h and length to width ratio of filter bed as 1.35. The width of each filter bed is
to be kept equal to 5.2 m. One additional filter bed is to be provided to take care of
break-down repair and maintenance. The total number of filter beds required will be
(a) 19 (b) 20
(c) 21 (d) 22

Ans. (c)
Total water to be filtered = 99 × 1.05 MLD = 103.95 MLD
(Addition of 5% to be used for backwashing)

L
= 1.35 where B = 5.2 m
B
∴ L = 7.02 m
∴ Surface area of each filter = 36.504 m2

Discharge through filter 103.95 × 103

Total surface area required = = = 721.875 m2
Rate of filtration 6 × 24

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 ESE-2018 Mains Batches
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Key Features
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improving writing skills. theory questions.

• Discussion on probable questions. • Classes will be delivered by senior faculties.

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Batches Commencing
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th
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Program Commencing Date Enrolled in Postal, Rank Improvement, Conventional,
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Inclusive of Mains Classroom 25th February, 2018 ` 12,500 ` 16,500
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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Total no. of working units required

721.875
= 19.77 filters = 20 filters
=
36.504
1 unit is to added as standby, thus total no. of units required = 21

Q.29 Consider the deformable pin-jointed truss with loading, geometry and section properties
as shown in figure.
2P
Joint C

2AE
AE L

AE

Given that E = 2 × 1011 N/m2, A = 10 mm2, L = 1 m and P = 1 kN. the horizontal

displacement of Joint C (in mm, up to one decimal place) is __________

Ans. (3.4)
Force is each member due to applied loading.

2P 2P

C C
P P

2L
L = 2L

A A B
B P
P 3P
L

FAB = P (Comp.)
FBC = 3P (Comp.)

FAC = 2 P (Tension)
Force in each member due to unit load.

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

C C
1 1

A A B
B 1
1 1

FAB = 1 (Comp.)
FBC = 1 (Comp.)

FAC = 2 (Tension)

PkL
Member P k L AE
AE
PL
AB – P –1 L AE
AE
3PL
BC –3P –1 L AE
AE
2 2PL
CA 2P 2 2L 2AE
2AE

5.414 PL
Σ=
AE

PkL 5.414 × (1000N) × (1000mm)

∴ Total deflection = δH = Σ = = 2.7 mm
c AE ( ) (
10mm2 × 2 × 105 N/mm2 )

Q.30 Rainfall depth over a watershed is monitored through six number of well distributed rain
gauges. Gauged data are given below:

Rain Gauge Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Rainfall Depth (mm) 470 465 435 525 480 510
Area of Thiessen Polygon (×104m2 ) 95 100 98 80 85 92

The Thiessen mean value (in mm, up to one decimal place) of the rainfall is_______

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (479.1)
Thiessen mean value of rainfall;

6
∑ Pi Ai
i =1
Pavg = 6
∑ Ai
i =1

470 × 95 + 465 × 100 + 435 × 98 + 525 × 80 + 480 × 85 + 510 × 92

⇒ Pavg =
95 + 100 + 98 + 80 + 85 + 92
= 479.09 mm

Q.31 The infiltration rate f in a basin under ponding condition is given by f = 30 + 10e–2t,
where, f is in mm/h and t is time in hour. Total depth of infiltration (in mm, up to one
decimal place) during the last 20 minutes of a storm of 30 minutes duration is ____

Ans. (11.7)
Infiltration rate f(t) = 30 + 10e–2t
Total infiltration depth in time 10 min. to 30 min. i.e., 0.166 hour to 0.5 hour

∫0.166(30 + 10e )dt

0.5 −2t
=

= 11.74 mm

Q.32 A rigid smooth retaining wall of height 7 m with vertical backface retains saturated clay
as backfill. The saturated unit weight and undrained cohesion of the backfill are 17.2 kN/m3
and 20 kPa, respectively. The difference in the active lateral forces on the wall (in kN
per meter length of wall, up to two decimal places), before and after the occurrence of
tension cracks is ________

Ans. (–46.72)

–2c ka = –40

2c
γ ka = 2.32 m

2c
γ ka 2c ka = 40 kPa
7m

2.349 m
+

kaγH – 2c ka= 80.4

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

For clay φ=0

1 − sin0
∴ ka = =1
1 + sin0
Earth pressure when tension cracks are not developed.
1
Pa = ( 40 + 80.4) × 2.349 = 141.4098
2

2c ka = 40 kPa
2.349 m

kaγH – 2c ka= 80.4 kPa

Earth pressure when tension cracks are developed

2.32 m
4.68 m

kaγH – 2c ka= 80.4

1
Pa = × 80.4 × 4.68 = 188.136
2
Difference = 141.4098 – 188.136
= –46.7262 kN/m2

Q.33 An aircraft approaches the threshold of a runway strip at a speed of 200 km/h. The pilot
decelerates the aircraft at a rate of 1.697 m/s2 and takes 18 s to exit the runway strip.
If the deceleration after exiting the runway is 1 m/s2, then the distance (in m, up to one
decimal place) of the gate position from the location of exit on the runway is _____

Ans. (312.8)
Speed of aircraft, ui = 200 km/hr

200 × 1000
= = 55.56 m/s
3600

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Deceleration of aircraft on the runway = 1.697 m/s2

Aircraft takes 18 sec to exit the runway strip.
Speed of the aircraft at the exit of the runway
uf = ui + at
= 55.56 – 1.697 × 18 = 25.014 m/s
After runway aircraft decelerate with 1 m/s2
Total distance travelled by the aircraft from the location of exit on the runway
U2 = u2 + 2aS
0 = 25.0142 – 2 × 1 × S
S = 312.8 m

Q.34 A 0.5 m × 0.5 m square concrete pile is to be driven in a homogeneous clayey soil
having undrained shear strength, cu = 50 kPa and unit weight, γ = 18.0 kN/m3. The design
capacity of the pile is 500 kN. The adhesion factor α is given 0.75. The length of the
pile required for the above design load with a factor of safety of 2.0 is
(a) 5.2 m (b) 5.8 m
(c) 11.8 m (d) 12.5 m

Ans. (c)
Cu = 50 kPa, γ = 18 kN/m3, FOS = 2

Qup = 9C × B 2 + αC ( 4BL ) = 1000 kN

1000 = 9 × 50 × 0.5 × 0.5 + 0.75 × 50 (4 × 0.5 L)
L = 11.83 m

Q.35 An RCC beam of rectangular cross-section has factored shear of 200 kN at its critical
section. Its width b is 250 mm and effective depth d is 350 mm. Assume design shear
strength τc of concrete as 0.62 N/mm2 and maximum allowable shear stress τc max in
concrete as 2.8 N/mm2. If two legged 10 mm diameter vertical stirrups of Fe250 grade
steel are used, then the required spacing (in cm, up to one decimal place) as per limit
state method will be _______

Ans. (8.2)

Vu 200 × 103
Nominal shear stress = τv = = = 2.286 N/mm2 < τc,max (OK)
bd 250 × 350
SF taken by stirrups = (τv – τc) bd
= (2.286 – 0.62) × 250 × 350 = 145.75 kN

0.87fy Asvd
Now, Vus =
Sv

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 National
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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

π
0.87 × 250 × 350 × 2 × × 102
⇒ Sv = 4
145.75 × 103

= 82 mm = 8.2 cm

Q.36 A priority intersection has a single-lane one-way traffic road crossing an undivided two-
lane two-way traffic road. The traffic stream speed on the single-lane road is 20 kmph
and the speed on the two-lane road is 50 kmph. The perception-reaction time is 2.5 s,
coefficient of longitudinal friction is 0.38 and acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2.
A clear sight triangle has to be ensured at this intersection. The minimum lengths of
the sides of the sight triangle along the two-lane road and the single-lane road, respectively
will be
(a) 50 m and 20 m (b) 61 m and 18 m
(c) 111 m and 15 m (d) 122 m and 36 m

Ans. (b)

1 20 kmph
50 kmph

V2
SSD2 = 0.278 × Vt R +
254 f

502
= 0.278 × 50 × 2.5 +  61 m
254 × 0.38
202
SSD1 = 0.278 × 20 × 2.5 +  18 m
254 × 0.38

Q.37 An RCC short column (with lateral ties) of rectangular cross-section of 250 mm × 300 mm
in reinforced with four members of 16 mm diameter longitudinal bars. The grades of steel
and concrete are Fe415 and M20, respectively. Neglect eccentricity effect. Considering
limit state of collapse in compression (IS 456 : 2000), the axial load carrying capacity
of the column (in kN, up to one decimal place) is ______

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (918.1)
Since eccentricity effect is being neglected so column can be considered as concentrically
loaded.
Ultimate axial load carrying capacity of column.
Pu = 0.45 fck Ag + (0.75 fy – 0.45 fck) Asc
π
= 0.45 × 20 × 250 × 300 + (0.75 × 415 – 0.45 × 20) 4 × × 162
4
= 918.1 kN

Q.38 The ultimate BOD (L0) a wastewater sample is estimated as 87% of COD. The COD of
this wastewater is 300 mg/L. Considering first order BOD reaction rate constant k (use
natural log) = 0.23 per day and temperature coefficient θ = 1.047, the BOD value (in
mg/L, up to one decimal place) after three days of incubation at 27°C for the wastewater
will be ______

Ans. (160.2)
Ultimate BOD = 0.87 COD = 0.87 × 300 = 261 mg/l
BOD3 = L0 (1 – e–k27 × 3)
k27 = k20 (1.047)T – 20
For municipal sewage, at standard temperature, value of k (base e) = 0.23 per day.
Thus, value 0.23 per day given is w.r.t. the standard temperature of 20°C.
= 0.23 (1.047)27 – 20 = 0.317 days–1
BOD3 = 261 (1 – e–0.317 × 3) = 160.226 mg/l

Q.39 A cylinder of radius 250 mm and weight, W = 10 kN is rolled up an obstacle of height

50 mm by applying a horizontal force P at its centre as shown in the figure.

50
W mm

All interfaces are assumed frictionless. The minimum value of P is

(a) 4.5 kN (b) 5.0 kN
(c) 6.0 kN (d) 7.5 kN

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (d)

P O
B
C W
50
mm
A

Given: r = 250 mm, W = 10 kN

Note: 1. When the cylinder will be about to move out of the cylinder, it will loose its
contact at point A, only contact will be at point B.
2. Considering equation of cylinder of that instant under P, W and RB (contact
force at B).

ΣM B = 0
P × OC – W × BC = 0
In ΔOCB
OC2 + CB2 = OB2

CB = 2502 − 2002 = 150

10 × 103 × 150
P= = 2.5 × 3 kN = 7.5 kN
200

Q.40 At a construction site, a contractor plans to make an excavation as shown in the figure.

30

Proposed Elevation: +20 m

20 Excavation
Elevation (in m)

10 River
3
Clay, Unit weight, γ = 20 kN/m
0

Highly Pervious Sand

–10

The water level in the adjacent river is at an elevation of +20.0 m. Unit weight of water
is 10 kN/m3. The factor of safety (up to two decimal places) against sand boiling for
the proposed excavation is ________

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (1)

10 × γ sat 10 × 20
FOS = 20 × γ = 20 × 10 = 1
w

Q.41 The solution (up to three decimal places) at x = 1 of the differential equation

d 2y dy dy
+2 + y = 0 subject to boundary conditions y(0) = 1 and = (0 ) = −1 is ____
dx 2 dx dx

Ans. (0.36)
(D2 + 2D + 1)y = 0 (∴ Roots are –1, –1)
CF = (C1 + C2 x) e–x
y = C1e–x + C2 x e–x ...(i)
y(0) = 1 1 = C1 ...(ii)
y′ = C1 e–x + C2 (e–x – xe–x)
y ′(0) = –1, –1 = –C1 + C2 ...(iii)
From eq. (ii) and (iii),
C1 = 1, C2 = 0
∴ y = e–x

1
At x = 1, y = e–1 = = 0.368
e

Q.42 The void ratio of a soil is 0.55 at an effective normal stress of 140 kPa. The compression
index of the soil is 0.25. In order to reduce the void ratio to 0.4, an increase in the
magnitude of effective normal stress (in kPa, up to one decimal place) should be _____

Ans. (417.3)

H0 Δe Ho Cc ⎛ σ + Δσ ⎞
ΔH = = log ⎜ 0
1 + e0 1 + e0 ⎝ σ 0 ⎟⎠

⎛ 0.55 − 0.40 ⎞ H0 × 0.25 ⎛ 140 + Δσ ⎞

ΔH = H 0 ⎜ ⎟ = log ⎜
⎝ 1 + 0.50 ⎠ 1 + 0.50 ⎝ 140 ⎟⎠

0.15 3 ⎛ 140 + Δσ ⎞
= log ⎜
⎝ 140 ⎟⎠
=
0.25 5

Δσ = 417.35 kPa

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
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Q.43 A water sample analysis data is given below:

Ion Concentration, mg/L Atomic Weight

2+
Ca 60 40
2+
Mg 30 24.31
−
HCO3 400 61
The carbonate hardness (expressed as mg/L of CaCO3, up to one decimal place) for
the water sample is _______

Ans. (273.4)
Carbonate hardness = min. (Total hardness, alkalinity)

⎛ 60 30 ⎞
Total hardness = ⎜⎝ × 50 + × 50⎟ mg/l as CaCO3
20 12.155 ⎠

= 150 + 123.406
= 273.406 mg/l as CaCO3

⎛ 400 ⎞
Alkalinity = ⎜⎝ × 50⎟ mg/l as CaCO3
61 ⎠

= 327.868 mg/l as CaCO3

∴ CH = 273.4 mg/l as CaCO3

Q.44 The dimensionless of a symmetrical welded I-section are shown in the figure.
140
9

6.1
200

9
140
(All dimension are in mm)

The plastic section modulus about the weaker axis (in cm3, up to one decimal place)
is ______

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (89.9)
x1 = 35 x2 = 35

9
CG CG

6.1

200
9

140
(All dimension are in mm)

A
Zp =
2
( x1 + x2 )

⎡140 × 9 ⎤ ⎡ (200 − 18 ) × 6.1⎤ ⎛ 3.05 3.05 ⎞

= ⎢ 2 (35 + 35)⎥ × 2 + ⎢ ⎥ × ⎜⎝ +
2 ⎠
⎟
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦ 2

= 88200 + 1693.055
= 89893.055 mm3
 89.9 cm3

Q.45 The figure shows a simply supported beam PQ of uniform flexural rigidity EI carrying
two moments M and 2M
M 2M

P Q

L/3 L/3 L/3

The slope at P will be

(a) 0 (b) ML/(9EI)
(c) ML/(6EI) (d) ML/(3EI)

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (c)

RP
M 2M
Q Q
P

L/3 L/3 L/3

RQ

M M
BMD
M/EI

P Q

R1 R2
M/EI M/EI

Conjugate Beam

1 L M ML
Now R1 + R2 = × × =
2 3 E I 6E I
ΣMQ = 0
1 L M ⎛ 2L L ⎞ 1 L M ⎛ L L ⎞ 1 L M 2L
R1L − × × ⎜ + ⎟− × × ⎜ + ⎟+ × × × = 0
2 3 E I ⎝ 3 9⎠ 2 3 E I ⎝ 3 9⎠ 2 3 E I 9

7ML 4ML ML ML
R1 = + − =
54E I 54E I 27E I 6E I
ML
∴ Slope at P, θP = R1 =
6E I

Q.46 A conventional drained triaxial compression test was conducted on a normally consolidated
clay sample under an effective confining pressure of 200 KPa. The deviator stress at
failure was found to be 400 kPa. An identical specimen of the same clay sample is
isotropically consolidated to a confining pressure of 200 kPa and subjected to standard
undrained triaxial compression test. If the deviator stress at failure is 150 kPa, the pore
pressure developed (in kPa, up to one decimal place) is ________

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (125)
Ist Specimen : Drained condition
σ3 = 200 kPa : σd = 400 kPa : σ1 = 600 kPa
IInd Specimen : Undrained condition
σ3 = 200 kPa : σd = 150 kPa : σ1 = σ3 + σd = 350 kPa
Let pore pressure developed is u
∴ σ 3 = (200 – u)
σ1 = (350 – u)
From stress relationship

2⎛ φ⎞ ⎛ φ⎞
σ1 = σ3 tan ⎜⎝ 45° + ⎟⎠ + 2c tan ⎜⎝ 45° + ⎟⎠
2 2
For clay under drained condition c = 0
2⎛ φ⎞
∴ σ1 = σ3 tan ⎜ 45° + ⎟
⎝ 2⎠

2⎛ φ⎞
600 = 200 tan ⎜⎝ 45° + ⎟
2⎠
φ = 30°
For second specimen,
2⎛ φ⎞
σ1 = σ3 tan ⎜ 45° + ⎟
⎝ 2⎠

2⎛ 30° ⎞
(350 – u) = (200 – u) tan ⎜⎝ 45° + ⎟
2 ⎠
u = 125 kPa

Q.47 Given the following data: design life n = 15 years, lane distribution factor D = 0.75, annual
rate of growth of commercial vehicles r = 6%, vehicle damage factor F = 4 and initial
traffic in the year of completion of construction = 3000 Commercial Vehicles Per Day
(CVPD). As per IRC : 37-2012, the design traffic in terms of cumulative number of
standard axles (in million standard axles, up to two decimal places) is _____

Ans. (76.45)
⎡⎛ r ⎞
n ⎤
365A ⎢ ⎜ 1 + ⎟ − 1⎥ × VDF × LDF
⎝ 100 ⎠
⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
Ns =
r
100
365 × 3000 ⎡⎣1.0615 − 1⎤⎦ × 4 × 0.75
= × 10 −6
0.06
= 76.45 msa

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
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Q.48 A plate in equilibrium is subjected to uniform stresses along its edges with magnitude
σxx= 30 MPa and σyy = 50 MPa as shown in the figure

σyy = 50 MPa

σxx = 30 MPa
x

The Young’s modulus of the material is 2 × 1011 N/m2 and the Poisson’s ratio is 0.3.
If σzz is negligibly small and assumed to be zero, then the strain εzz is
(a) –120 × 10–6 (b) –60 × 10–6
(c) 0.0 (d) 120 × 10–6

Ans. (a)
σxx = 30 MPa, σyy = 50 MPa, σzz = 0
σzz σ xx σyy μ
ε zz =
E
−μ
E
−μ
E
=−
E
(σ xx + σyy )
0.3
= − (30 + 50) = −120 × 10−6
2 × 105

Q.49 In a laboratory, a flow experiment is performed over a hydraulic structure. The measured
values of discharge and velocity are 0.05 m3/s and 0.25 m/s, respectively. If the full
scale structure (30 times bigger) is subjected to a discharge of 270 m3/s, then the time
scale (model to full scale) value (up to two decimal places) is ______

Ans. (0.18)
Froude Law (Fr)m = (Fr)p

⎛ V ⎞ ⎛ V ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ ( gm = g p )
⎝ Lg⎠m ⎝ Lg ⎠ p

Vr = Lr

Lr
or Tr = Lr

Tr = Lr

1
Tr = = 0.1826
30

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Q.50 The following details refer to a closed traverse:

Consecutive coordinate
Line
Northing (m) Southing (m) Easting (m) Westing (m)

PQ — 437 173 —
QR 101 — 558 —
RS 419 — — 96
SP — 83 — 634

The length and direction (whole circle bearing) of closure, respectively are
(a) 1 m and 90° (b) 2 m and 90°
(c) 1 m and 270° (d) 2 m and 270°

Ans. (a)
ΣL = 101 + 419 – 437 – 83 = 0
ΣD = 173 + 558 – 96 – 634 = 1
Therefore departure of closure is 1 m and WCB is 90°.

Q.51 A square area (on the surface of the earth) with side 100 m and uniform height, appears
as 1 cm2 on a vertical aerial photograph. The topographic map shows that a contour
of 650 m passes through the area. If focal length of the camera lens is 150 mm, the
height from which the aerial photograph was taken, is
(a) 800 m (b) 1500 m
(c) 2150 m (d) 3150 m

Ans. (c)
A= 100 × 100 m2
Area on photo, a= 1 cm2
Scale 1 cm = 100 m
f= 150 mm
h= 650 m
1 1 1 f
Scale = = = =
100 100 × 102 10000 H − h
−3
= 150 × 10
1
⇒
10000 H − 650
⇒ H = 2150 m

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

∂2u ∂2u
Q.52 The solution at x = 1, t = 1 of the partial differential equation = 25 subject to
∂x 2 ∂t 2

∂u
initial conditions of u(0) = 3x and (0) = 3 is __________
∂t
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 6

Ans. (d)

c 2 ∂ 2u ∂ 2u
2 =
∂x ∂t 2
u (x, 0) = f (x)
ut (x, 0) = g (x)

∂ 2u ∂ 2u
= 25
∂x 2 ∂t 2
f (x) = 3x
g (x) = 3
1
c2 =
25
D’Alembert’s formula,
+ct
1 1 x
u (x, t) = ⎣ ( ) ( )⎦
2c x −∫ct
⎡f x + ct + f x − ct ⎤ + g(y )dy
2

⎡ x+
t ⎤
1⎢ ⎛ t⎞ ⎛ t⎞ 1 5 ⎥
= ⎢3 ⎜ x + ⎟ + 3 ⎜ x − ⎟ +
2⎢ ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ ∫
5 ⎠ 2(1 / 5) t
3dy ⎥
⎥
x−
⎣⎢ 5 ⎦⎥
1 3 ⎡ t t⎤
= [ 6 x ] + (5) ⎢ x + − x + ⎥
2 2 ⎣ 5 5⎦
u (x, t) = 3x + 3t
At x = 1, t = 1
u (x, t) = 6

π
∫0 x cos
2
Q.53 The value of the integral xd x is

π2 π2
(a) (b)
8 4
π2
(c) (d) π2
2

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

Ans. (b)
π
∫0 x cos
2
The value of xd x

π⎛ x x cos2 x ⎞
= ∫0 ⎜⎝ 2 + 2
⎟⎠ d x

π
x2 1 ⎛ x sin2 x cos 2 x ⎞
= + ⎜ + ⎟
4 2⎝ 2 4 ⎠
0

π2 1 ⎧⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎫
= + ⎨⎜ 0 + ⎟ − ⎜ 0 + ⎟ ⎬
4 2⎩ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎭
π2 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= + ⎜ − ⎟
4 2 ⎝ 4 4⎠
π2
=
4

Q.54 A cantilever beam of length 2 m with a square section of side length 0.1 m is loaded
vertically at the free end. The vertical displacement at the free end is 5 mm. The beam
is made of steel with Young’s modulus of 2.0 × 1011 N/m2. The maximum bending stress
at the fixed end of the cantilever is
(a) 20.0 MPa (b) 37.5 MPa
(c) 60.0 MPa (d) 75.0 MPa

Ans. (b)
P
0.1 m

0.1 m

2m

I=
(0.1)4
12

Pl 3
Deflection δ=
3E I

P (2 )
3
⇒ 5 × 10–3 m =
3 × 2 × 1011 ×
(0.1)4
12

⇒ P = 3125 N
Now, M = Pl = 3125 × 2 = 6250 Nm

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 Detailed Solutions of
GATE 2018 : Civil Engineering
11-02-2018 | Shift-1

M σ E
As, = =
I y R

M 6250
⇒ σmax = = = 37.5 × 106 N/m2 = 37.5 MPa
Z ( )
0.1
3

Q.55 A closed tank contains 0.5 m thick layer of mercury (specific gravity = 13.6) at the bottom.
A 2.0 m thick layer of water lies above the mercury layer. A 3.0 m thick layer of oil (specific
gravity = 0.6) lies above the water layer. The space above the oil layer contains air under
pressure. The gauge pressure at the bottom of the tank is 196.2 kN/m2. The density
of water is 1000 kg/m3 and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2. The value of
pressure in the air space is
(a) 92.214 kN/m2 (b) 95.644 kN/m2
(c) 98.922 kN/m 2 (d) 99.321 kN/m2

Ans. (a)

Air

3m Oil SG = 0.6

2m H2O SG = 1
0.5 m Hg SG = 13.6

Pair is in gauge pressure.

Pair + (0.6 × 103) (9.81) (3) + (103) (9.81) (2) + (13.6 × 103) (9.81) (0.5) = 196.2 × 103
Pair = 92.214 kN/m2

„„„„

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