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    Diode Approximations Notes 2

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    Tobi Uchiha
    Diode approximation is a mathematical method used to simplify the nonlinear behavior of real diodes for analysis. There are three common approximations: 1) Considering the diode a closed switch with zero voltage drop. 2) Modeling the diode as a forward-biased diode in series with a 0.7V battery. 3) Accounting for both the voltage drop across the diode and a small bulk resistance. Diode approximation problems can be solved using these models, with the third model necessary when the load resistance is small. The approximations enable calculations and circuit analysis where precise behavior is not required.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Diode Approximations Notes 2

    Uploaded by

    Tobi Uchiha
    3K views5 pages
    Diode approximation is a mathematical method used to simplify the nonlinear behavior of real diodes for analysis. There are three common approximations: 1) Considering the diode a closed switch with zero voltage drop. 2) Modeling the diode as a forward-biased diode in series with a 0.7V battery. 3) Accounting for both the voltage drop across the diode and a small bulk resistance. Diode approximation problems can be solved using these models, with the third model necessary when the load resistance is small. The approximations enable calculations and circuit analysis where precise behavior is not required.

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    Diode Approximations Notes 2 (1)

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    Diode approximation is a mathematical method used to simplify the nonlinear behavior of real diodes for analysis. There are three common approximations: 1) Considering the diode a closed switch with zero voltage drop. 2) Modeling the diode as a forward-biased diode in series with a 0.7V battery. 3) Accounting for both the voltage drop across the diode and a small bulk resistance. Diode approximation problems can be solved using these models, with the third model necessary when the load resistance is small. The approximations enable calculations and circuit analysis where precise behavior is not required.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3K views5 pages

    Diode Approximations Notes 2

    Uploaded by

    Tobi Uchiha
    Diode approximation is a mathematical method used to simplify the nonlinear behavior of real diodes for analysis. There are three common approximations: 1) Considering the diode a closed switch with zero voltage drop. 2) Modeling the diode as a forward-biased diode in series with a 0.7V battery. 3) Accounting for both the voltage drop across the diode and a small bulk resistance. Diode approximation problems can be solved using these models, with the third model necessary when the load resistance is small. The approximations enable calculations and circuit analysis where precise behavior is not required.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    What is Diode Approximation : Types and Diode Models

    Diodes are mainly unidirectional devices. It offers low resistance when a forward or
    positive voltage is applied and has high resistance when the diode is reverse biased. An ideal
    diode has zero forward resistance and zero voltage drop. The diode offers high reverse
    resistance, resulting in zero reverse currents. Though ideal diodes do not exist, near-ideal diodes
    are used in some applications. The supply voltages are generally much larger than the forward
    voltage of a diode and thus VF is assumed to be constant. Mathematical models are used to
    approximate characteristics of silicon and germanium diode when the load resistance is typically
    high or very low. These methods help to solve real-world problems. This article discusses what
    is diode approximation, types of approximations, problems and approximate diode models.

    What is a Diode?

    A diode is a simple semiconductor with two terminals called as anode and cathode. It allows the
    flow of current in one direction (forward direction) and restricts the current flow in the opposite
    direction (the reverse direction). It has low or zero resistance when forward biased and high or
    infinite resistance when reverse biased. The terminals anode refers to positive lead and cathode
    refers to the negative lead. Most of the diodes conduct or allow current to flow when the anode is
    connected with a positive voltage. Diodes are used as rectifiers in power supply.

    semiconductor-diode

    What is Diode Approximation?

    Diode approximation is a mathematical method used to approximate the nonlinear behavior of


    real diodes to enable calculations and circuit analysis. There are three different approximations
    used to analyze the diode circuits.
    First Diode Approximation

    In the first approximation method, the diode is considered as a forward-biased diode and as a
    closed switch with zero voltage drop. It is not apt to use in real-life circumstances but used only
    for general approximations where preciseness is not required.

    first-approximation

    Second Diode Approximation

    In the second approximation, the diode is considered as a forward-biased diode in series with
    a battery to turn on the device. For a silicon diode to turn on, it needs 0.7V. A voltage of 0.7V or
    greater is fed to turn on the forward-biased diode. The diode turns off if the voltage is less than
    0.7V.

    second-approximation
    Third Diode Approximation

    The third approximation of a diode includes voltage across the diode and voltage across bulk
    resistance, RB. The bulk resistance is low, such as less than 1 ohm and always less than 10 ohms.
    The bulk resistance, RB corresponds to the resistance of p and n materials. This resistance
    changes based on the amount of forwarding voltage and the current flowing through the diode at
    any given time.

    The voltage drop across the diode is calculated using the formula

    Vd = 0.7V + Id *RB
    And if RB < 1/100 RTh or RB < 0.001 RTh, we neglect that

    third-approximation

    Diode Approximation Problems with Solutions

    Let’s now look at two 2 examples of diode approximation problems with solutions

    1). Look at the circuit below and use the second approximation of diode and find the current
    flowing through the diode.
    circuit-for-diode-approximation

    ID =(Vs – VD)/R = (4-0.7)/8 = 0.41A


    2). Look at both of the circuits and calculate using the third approximation method of diode

    circuits-using-third-method

    For fig (a)

    Adding 1kΩ resistor with bulk resistor 0.2Ω doesn’t make any difference in current flowing

    ID = 9.3/1000.2= 0.0093 A
    If we don’t count 0.2Ω, then

    ID = 9.3/1000=0.0093 A
    For fig (b)

    For load resistance of 5Ω, ignoring bulk resistance of 0.2Ω brings a difference in current flow.

    Therefore, bulk resistance has to be considered and the correct value of current is 1.7885 A.

    ID=9.3/5.2=1.75885 A
    If we don’t count 0.2Ω, then

    ID=9.3/5=1.86 A
    Summarizing, if the load resistance is small, the bulk resistance is taken into effect. However, if
    the load resistance is very high (ranging to several kilo-ohms), then bulk resistance has no effect
    on the current.

    Approximate Diode Models

    The diode models are mathematical models used for the approximation of diode’s actual
    behavior. We shall discuss the modeling of p-n junction connected in a forward-biased direction
    using various techniques.

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