Statics of Rigid

Bodies
1st Semester, AY 2021-2022
Engr. Mel Kenneth Mabute, MP
Chapter 1 –
Principle of
Statics
1st Semester, AY 2021-2022
Engr. Mel Kenneth Mabute, MP
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Definitions
2. Types of Object
3. Scalar and Vector Quantities
4. Classical Physical Laws
5. Force Systems
 Definitions
• Engineering – application of mathematical, physical and biological
sciences to the design and manufacture of items that benefit
humanity.
• Mechanics – concerned with the relationship among forces and their
effects on bodies. It is the science which describes and predicts the
conditions for rest and motion of bodies under the action of forces It
is a physical science (for it deals with physical phenomena).

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Definitions
• Statics – branch of mechanics that deals with bodies at rest or bodies
moving at a constant rate

Engineering Mechanics

Deformable Bodies Rigid Bodies Fluids

Statics Dynamics

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Types of Objects
• Particle
• a very small point where size and shape are not considered.
• in the context of this course, does not indicate “smallness of size”,
rather, it means that the shape and size of the object does not
significantly affect the solution of the problems under consideration.
• Rigid Body
• a body whose size and shape are considered
• a collection of particles.
• the problems considered in this course are assumed to be non-
deformable. Again, such assumption does not significantly affect the
solution of the problems under consideration
SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU
 Vector and Scalar Quantities
Common Physical Quantities
• Space – position occupied by matter at a given time
• Time – parameter used to mark an event
• Mass – the amount of matter in a given body
• Weight – force exerted by the earth on the body
• Force – action of one body on another body

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Vector and Scalar Quantities
Common Physical Quantities
Quantity SI English
Length meter (m) Feet (f)
Mass kilogram (kg) slugs
Time seconds (s) seconds (s)
Force Newton (N) lbf (pound-force)

Acceleration due to gravity:

g = 9.81 m/s2 = 32.2 ft/s2

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Vector and Scalar Quantities
Types of Quantities
1. Scalar Quantity – any quantity that measures only the magnitude
of some phenomenon
2. Vector Quantity – mathematical expression possessing magnitude
and direction

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Vector and Scalar Quantities
Types of Vectors
1. Fixed – point of application is defined (e.g. forces acting on
particles)
2. Free – the body’s condition does not change wherever placed (e.g.
couples)
3. Sliding – force can be transferred from point to point (e.g. forces
acting on rigid bodies)

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Vector and Scalar Quantities
Vector Terms
• Resultant – a single vector used to replace a set of vectors acting
upon a body
• Equal Vectors – vectors of the same magnitude and same sense
• Equal and Opposite Vectors – vectors of the same magnitude but of
opposite sense
• Coplanar Vectors – vectors acting on an object on a single plane only
• Concurrent Vectors – vectors acting on the same point or their lines
of action will cross the same point

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Vector and Scalar Quantities
Vector Principles
1. Principle of Transmissibility: A body’s condition will not change if
the force is transferred to another point as long as the point is in
line with the force, or in the line of action of the force.

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Vector and Scalar Quantities
Vector Principles
2. Parallelogram Law: this states that the sum of two vectors is
obtained by getting the diagonal of a parallelogram with the two
vectors serving as the sides

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Vector and Scalar Quantities
Vector Principles
3. Principle of Transmissibility: “Tip-to-tail”
4. Polygon Rule: An extension of the triangle rule for analysis of
vector systems consisting of more than two vectors

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Vector and Scalar Quantities
Addition of Vectors
No. of Vectors Graphical solution Analytical Solution

Two 1. Parallelogram Law 1. Trigonometric

Solution (Law of Sines
2. Triangle Rule and Cosines)
Three or more 3. Polygon Method 2. Rectangular
Component
(Resolution of a
Vector)

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Classical Physical Laws
FIRST LAW: Law of Inertia
An object will remain at rest or will continue to move uniformly in a
straight line at constant velocity, unless acted upon by a force

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Classical Physical Laws
SECOND LAW: Law of Acceleration
The resulting force acting on a particle is proportional to the
acceleration of the particle and is in the same direction.
The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the
force acting on it.
F = ma

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Classical Physical Laws
THIRD LAW: Law of Action and Reaction
The forces of action and reaction between bodies in contact have the
same magnitude, same line of action, and opposite sense.

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Classical Physical Laws
NEWTON’S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
The gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to
the product of the masses of the two objects, and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Two particles M and m are mutually attracted with equal and opposite
forces.

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Force Systems (Analytical Method using Laws of
Sines and Cosines)
Resultant of a Force System, R – the simplest force system that is
equivalent to a given force system.
How to solve for the Resultant, R?
By triangle construction/triangle rule/triangle law/tip-to-tail method

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Force Systems (Analytical Method using Laws of
Sines and Cosines)
What about for force systems involving more than two components?
1. Successive application of parallelogram law

2. Polygon method/Polygon Rule

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Force Systems (Analytical Method using Laws of
Sines and Cosines)
Resolution of a Vector
A vector may be resolved into components having known lines of
action by using the Parallelogram Law.

Extend lines (parallel to the two lines of action A and B are the components
from the tip of R)

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Example 1.1
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at
point A of a hook support. Knowing that P = 45
lb and Q = 15 lb, determine graphically the
magnitude and direction of their resultant using
(a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

Solution:
 Example 1.2
Two forces P and Q are applied to the lid of a storage bin as shown.
Knowing that P = 48 N and Q = 60 N, determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant of the two forces using parallelogram
method, triangular method, and component method.

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

Solution:
Solution:
 Force Systems (Coplanar Force Systems)
Addition of forces by summing the x- and y- components.
F1 = -F1x i + F1y j
F2 = F2x i + F2y j

FR = -F1x i + F1y j + F2x i + F2y j + F3x i – F3y j

FR = (- F1x + F2x + F3x ) i + (F1y + F2y – F3y) j
2 2 𝐹𝑅𝑦
FR = 𝐹𝑅𝑥 + 𝐹𝑅𝑦 ϴ= tan-1 | |
𝐹𝑅𝑥

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

 Example 1.3
Determine the resultant of the four forces acting on the body as
shown.

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

Solution:
 Example 1.4
A hoist trolley is subjected to the three forces shown. Knowing that α =
40°, determine (a) the required magnitude of the force P if the
resultant of the three forces is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding
magnitude of the resultant

SRB Engr. MKA Mabute 1st Semester, AY 2021-2022 CEAT-RTU

Solution:
REFERENCES
Beer, F. et. al. (2007). Vector Mechanics for Engineers Statics 8th Edition. USA:
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Hibbeler, R. C. (2010). Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics 12th Edition.
USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Sanchez, P.R. (nd). Ensc 11 Statics of Rigid Bodies Lecture Notes. Engineering
Science Department – CEAT – UPLB.