Middle Byzantine Pottery in Athens

MIDDLE BYZANTINE POTTERY IN ATHENS
The desolation of mediaeval Athens and the deplorable state of industry so lamented
by the cosmopolitan Michael Akomiinatos' are well reflected in its pottery. Contemporary
wares from Corinth anidThebes, of aii eleoance rarelv afforded by mediaeval Atlhenians,
attest the fact that even in the humbler arts these cities had triumphed over their
former rival. But although the Byzantine pottery of the Ao,ora is, in general, frag-
mentary and poor, the circumstances of finding have sometimes prov-ided valuable
chronological evidence, while an occasional fine piece rejoices the excavator and relieves
the dark picture of Bvzantine Athens.2
The chronological evidence is provided by the finding of closed deposits or of refuse
dumps of pottery, the contents of cisterns, pits or pithoi, filled up either all at one
timne, or (as evidence of stratification shows) by dcegrees over a period of years. Each
such dump may be considered as a unit, or, rather, as a group, the elements of which
may be expected to show some logical relation to each other. Five such groups, rangino
in date fromnthe tenth or early eleventh century to the thirteenth, have been selected
for discussion here. Except in one case (Group B) the dating is based on coins found
with the pottery. These groups represent almost all the types of Byzantine pottery
found in the Agora, and the conclusions are consistent with those offered, with less
decisive evidence, by other Agora material. The present discussion does not pretend to
offer a complete chronology of Byzantine pottery but may perhaps establish a few
convenient landmarks for future studv.
The most comprehensive system previously devised for the classification of Byzanitine
potterv is that of Rice.3 But since the Agora material is limited in range it seems
preferable for our purposes to adopt a simpler method based on the pottery of the
res;tricted area. Only a summlary description will be given of wares corresponding to
those of Rice's classification. The reader is referred to his publication where they are
discussed in full.4 Our classificationifollows.
1 4 IX R0nVMtZ.X sxva y?sXpa zo~t )j, MiXctj) !lxou,ttrov iov XceXdTovrV aw6uEdC, ed. X:tup. Ii. Axu.ap,
Atlhens, 1879-80, II, p. 69.
2
The great quiantity of material found since the first puiblication of Byzantine pottery fromnthe Agora
(F. 0. Waage, IHesperia, II, 1933, pp. 308-328) has niecessitated a modification of the dates and classifications
there suggested.
D. Talbot Rice, Byza7tine Glazed Pottery, Oxford, 1930. This book forms the basis of all recent
3
Byzantine ceramnicstudies and contains a ftull bibliography of earlier works on the suibject.
4 Rice, op. cit., pp. 5 ff.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens

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430 M. ALISON FRANTZ
L Ptlain-glazedWares.
Three varieties are comionly found in the Agora:
a) White Ware (Rice A 3).
Over a white to light pink or orey clay of a satndy texture the glaze is applied
directly. Although the fabric varies, the tvpe is called for convenience white ware.
b) Brown Glaze. B 1, 2.
Here also the glaze is laid over the clay without a slip, but the body is red
andI the glaze, which is colorless or light yellow, appears browni. The term
brown glaze has the sanction of several years' usage.'
c) Plain Glaze on Slip. A 1, 13, 14, 63, 64, 82-84, 86, 87; C 1.
The glaze is applied as il the soraffito wares, the only difTerence beinig the
absence of decoration. The clay varies from buff to all shades of red and is
covered with a white slip before the addition of the glaze.
II. Irinessed VIare (Rice A 5).

The fabriG is the same as that of white ware anld is decorated in, relief witlh a
stamp. It is not represented in any of the groups under discussion but a niumber
of examples have been found elsewhere in the Agora.2
III. Painted Wares.

a) Polvehrome Ware (Rice A 1). B 3, 4.
This type is rare in the Agora and occUIrs only in its less fine forms. It is of
sandy white clay, the design drawxnin dark outline against the natural clay
and filled in with a liglhter color.
b) Black and Green Painted Ware. A 2-7, 16-23; C 2.
This is one of the commonest types of pottery in the Agora.3 Against a white
slip is painted a design outlined in black and filled in with green. On the finer
examples the outline is carefully drawni and the green does not run over the
edges, but the technique readily degenerates and the attractive rinceaux and
other designs become splotches of green bearing very little relation to a wandering
an1i uncertain bla.ck line. The two extremes of quality may be compared in
A 18 and A 19 (Figs. 5, 6). A not uncommoni variant of the same form of
dlecoration is the use of either black or green alone (A 6, 16; Figs. 2, 5).
The term black and green painted ware has been used as a general descrip-
tion for this whole group, although the black varies fromna solid black to
I Cf. Oscar Broneer, Corinth, IV, part II, pp. 124 if.
2 Cf. Waage', op. cit., p. 322, fig. 17.
op.
Wafg, in.O^6Pt' cit., p. 323.
-MIDDLEBYZANTINE POTTERY IN ATHENS 431
purple or brown. Individual pots are sometimes referred to as browniand green,

where a use of the other term would necessitate an immiediate miiodificatioin
in
the description.
c) Slip-painted Ware. A 8, 24, 25, 81; C 2.
The designs are painted in white slip against the natural clay anld tlhenlcovered
with glaze, usually colorless or light vellow, occasionallv green.'
d) Red-painted Ware. C 3.
This term is used to describe a ware in which the design is paitnted in thick
red paint ov-er a white slip and then covered with a colorless glaze. The type
is uncommon in the Agora, but in the few existing examples the designs
resemble those of slip-painted ware.
IV. Sgraffito(Rice B 1-3). A 9-10, 26-54, 65-79, 85, 88-92; C 4, 5; 0 1, 2; E 2-4.
The category includes all wares of which the decoration is formed by scratching,
through the white slip before glazing. These techniques have beeni discussed in
great detail2 and it is necessary here only to ind'icate their various aspects. The
term " sgraffito " will be used for designs made by scratching with a fine poinit
throuoh the slip.3 "Incised " applies to those in which a part of the slip is scrapedl
away with a broader tool (Rice B 2). "Incised sgr-affito" is used for linear designls
likewise made with a broad tool. Sgraffito with incision " refers to designs
principally sgraffito but with incised details. " Sgraffito witlh painlting" is self-
explanatory.
V. Coarse Ware. A 11, 55-57, 93-95; B 5-7; D 4-7.

This classificationi includes all unglazed wares, for the most part water jars and
cooking pots.
GROUPA
The pottery in this group (Figs. 1-18) was found in an anicient cisterni to the north
of the iephaisteion re-used as a refuse pit in connection with the complex of Byzantine
buildings in the area.4 The stratification noted in excavation madle it possible to
distinguish four periods of use, and coins found in the three lower layers helped to
establish a tentative chronologry. The catalogued pieces represent the proportion of
different wares in each period.
1 Waag6, op. cit., p. 323. Thedecidedly liniear quality of the slip-painted wares from the Agora leads
me to reject Rice's classification of this technique with incised ware. Cf. also H. MIegaw, "Byzantine
Architecture in MauIi,"B.S. A., XXXIII, 1932-33, p. 148.
2 op. cit., pp. 32 if.
Rice,
I have avoided the terimi"fine sgraffito" sinice this miglht imply a uiniformexcellence of executioni.
3
To call tlhe techlnique "'early sgraffito" is to ignore its continiued existence over several centuiries.
For the location of this cisterni (Sectioi AA, 87AIAE) cf. D. B, Thompsoni, Hesperia, VI, 1937, p. 399,
fig. 2, and p. 401.
Period I. A 1-12. Figs. 1-3

Relatively few sherds came from the lowest layer. Amonig them was a coin of
Nikephoros III (1078-1081), suggesting that the sherds were thrown in during the
last quarter of the eleventh century or the early years of the twelfth.
Period II. A 13-62. Figs. 4-10
To this layer belon(gs the great bulk of all the pottery found in the cistern. It is
distinguished from the layers above and below by signs of burning throughout. Two
coins of Alexios I (1081-1118) were found in it. It is to be noted, however, that
several fragments from a nearby pithost were found to join with pieces from the
burned fill, and in this pithos were coins of Manuel I (1143-1180). The second
period thus appears to record a destruction by fire some time during the reign of
Manuel I. In view of the resemblance in the pottery of this layer to that both
below and above, it seems probable that it represenltsthe complete interval between
the first and the third periods, the fire having destroyed pottery accumulated over
a period of perhaps fifty years.
The quality of most of the pottery in this period is rather poor, but a few pieces
raise the general artistic level considerably. The black and green bowl A 18 has
already been mentioned, and the sgraffito bowl A 31 (Fig. 7) is excellent both in
shape and workmanship. Of sinlilar quality, although their fragmentarystate prevents
full appreciation of it, are A 32 and A 33, and, to a lesser degree, A 34 (Fig. 8).
It is worth noting that in all these examples the clay is red instead of the buff or
pinkish buff most frequently used for the Byzantine pottery of Athens, and that
the outside of each of the sgraffito pieces is covered with a white slip and thin
colorless glaze. The fragment of an Islamic imitation of porcelain (A 15) is an
interesting example of a non-Byzantine importatioinvery rare in the Agora.2
Period IlI. A 63-80. Figs. 11-14
After the destruction, and the consequent disposal of all the remains of earlier wares,
the cisteril was again used for refuse, perhaps, if we may trust the evidence of a
single coin, still in the reign of Manuel I. In this fill a much greater consistency
is to be noted in the pottery. Whereas in the burned fill there were found both
painted and sgraffito wares in great quantity, probably representing fifty years
or more of production, the total absence of paiintedwares in period III implies that
they had been largely supplanted by sgraffito by the time of the destruction or
immediately thereafter.3 The finest pieces from this period, A 65, A 67-69 (Figs. 11-13),
Section KK,Pithos K.
I am indebted to Dr. Ernst Ktilhiel of the Islamic Department of the Vorderasiatischeii Museum in
2
Berlin for the identification of this sherd as an Islamic product of the tenth or eleventh cenltury, probably
from Alexandria.
3 The same coneluision is reached elsewhere in the Agora, where a gradual reversal of the proportion
of painted to sgiaffito wares is noted ill areas where the stratification has been preserved.
MIDDLE BYZANTINE POTTERY IN ATHENS 433
are all of red clay with a white slip and thin colorless glaze on the outside. The
shape of A 68 is particularly notewortlhy. The menlding holes in A 69 suo,gest that
it may have been a decorative piece preserved from a slightly earlier period. Thle
palmette medallion of the soraffito bowl A 31 (Fig. 7), from period II, is repeated
in sirnplified form in the incised medallion A 78 (Fig. 14).
Period IV. A 81-95. Figs. 15-18

Over the fill of the third period was a deposit of earth, 65 cm. thick, containinog
no sherds, probably from a period of disuse during which earth sifted through a
loosely fitting cistern-cover. For this period we have no evidence of absolute date,
but the thick deposit of sifted earth seems indicative of a considerable lapse of
time. Comparisons of the pottery above this sterile deposit with dated pieces from
other parts of the Agora suggest that this last period belongs to the mid-thirteenth
century. Almost exact replicas of the rabbit in A 89 (Fig. 15) are found frequently
in middle and late thirteenth century contexts, often with coins of William Ville-
hardouini (1245-1278). The warrior in A 91 (Fig. 17) is discussed in connection
with a somewhat similar figure oln E 2.
GROIJPB
No coins were found in. this cistern.' The contents (Figs. 3, 19-21) however are con-
sistent and illustrate the type of pottery found regfularly in deposits underneath those
containing black and green painted ware. The polyclhrome cup B 3 (Fig. 19) belongs to
Rice's class A 1 which he dates in the tenth or eleventh century. The small cup B 4
(Fig. 19) is simpler but of a somewhat similar fabric. The brown-glazed ware represented
by the double cooking, pot B 1 and the spouted jugf B 2 (Fig. 19) has been found in
abundance in Athens and Corinth, almost invariably in early contexts. The imost
common shape among the unglazed pots is the rounld-bodied. two-handled cooking pot
of which B 6 is an example (Fig. 20).
An interesting exception to the secular character of the subjects of the designs on
Byzantine pottery is provided by an Adoration of the Magi stamped on the lid of a
coarse cooking pot (B 5; Fig. 21). Undoubtedly too much stress must not be laid, on
this very simple representation, but it may be noted that iconographically it is related
to the Ravenna type of Adoration rather than to the Byzantine, in which the Angel
guiides the Magfi to the Christ Childl.2 The composition finds its closest parallel in a
fouLrthcentury relief on the sarcophagfus of the Exarch Isaac in Ravenna,3 although the
IThlle cisterni (Section 00 at 27/1(A) lies to the east of the Valeriant Wall, niear the Church of the
ITypapanti.
2 Cf. Baldwin Smith, Early ChristiantIconzoygaphyawcla School of Irory Carcersint Provence, Princetoni,
1917, pp. 36 ff.
3 . Diitschke, Ravennatisehe Stucdien,Leipzig, 1909, p. 10, fig. 3 ancdpp. 228 ff.
differences of date and iiedium naturally forbid close comparison. Such stamped
decoration of unglazed wares is most unusual. The stamp had no doubt some other
purpose than the decoration of cooking pots, but either for use as a bread stamp or
for the decoration of impressed wares the lowness of the relief seems unsuitable.
The only type of pottery from this cistern not represented among the catalogued
objects is white ware. Several such sherds were found, but all in a very fragmentary
state. Among them was a small piece of the rim and handle of a licht green-glazed
double cooking-pot.1 Not to pass over this important ware withlout illustration, an
example of the same fabric from a mixed context is included (Fig. 22). This small table
brazier, or chafing dish,2 is an unusually sumptuous exaimipleof a shape frequently
found in brown glaze. The same principle of construction applies to all: a bowl on a
stand, with a rectangular openingfon one side of the stand and air-holes on the other.
The theory that coals were put in the stand to keep the food in the bowl warm is
substantiated by a slight blackening,of the clay in almost all examples. The white-ware
piece differs from most in that a second bowl lholdsthe coals, rather than the stand itself.
Fragrmentsof these chafing dishes or of their characteristic high domed lids are found
in most brown glaze deposits, and bear witness to a refinement not usually associated
with ordinary Byzantine life. Sometimes they are of the simple type of B 1; often they are
decorated with grotesque plastic figures from rim to base. The general character of the
design of the fragmentary lid in Figure 23 may be compared with the plastic decoration
of the chafing dish in Figure 24. The adoption of a more subdued method of decoration
is not perhaps to be regretted; there is in the plastic ware a singular premonition of
the art of eight or nine centuries later.
GROUPC
The most satisfactory group (Figs. 25, 26) from the chronological point of view was
found in a pit3 in the east end of the South Stoa, over the mouth of which was an
apparently undisturbed Byzantine fill. The pit was small, measuring 95 cm. in diameter
and only 80 cm. in depth. In addition to the catalogued pieces it contained some coarse
ware and a very few glazed sherds, either black and green painted or with simple
sgraffito designs. Conclusive evidence for the datingfof this group is provided by fifteen
coins all belonging to the period between 1057 and 1118 A.D.4 We are therefore fairly
I This fragment was foutnidin the disturbed fill at the top of the cistern, but it is of the samc fabric
as tlle other sherds, and probably belongs with the lower fill.
2
Inv. P 3075; D., 0.21; P. H., 0.115. The lower part of tlhe stand is not preserved, but the breaks
slhow that there was at least one more row of openwork squiares. Greyish white clay; yellow-green glaze,
fired darker in places. 'T'heglaze covers the inside of the stanid and the underside of the lower bowl.
Traces of buirning inside the lower bowl.
3 Section H, Pit at 23/KIT.
4 The distribution of the coins is as follows: oine Anonymous Byzantine, Class VI (1057-1059); three
Nikephoros III (1078-1081); one Anonymous Byzanitine, Class IX (1078-1081); two Anonymous Byzantine,
Class X (1081-1118); five Anonymous Byzantine, Class XI (1081-1118); two Alexios I (1.081-1118); and
safe in concluding, that the breakage of the pots took place not later than the second
decade of the twelfth century and that they were made at some time about the year 1100.
The lion on C 4 (Fig. 26), althoughl the glaze is dull and discolored, is a fine piece of
drawing, ancl it is gratifying to be able to date it with some precision.
GROUP D
The contents of the group (Figs. 27, 28) were found in a well used in connection
with the Byzantine house built over the north part of the Odeion.' The presence of a
number of unbroken water jars is evidence of its use as a source of water and not as
a refuse pit, and in this it differs from the preceding deposits. The single coin of
Johin 11 (1118-1143) suggests that the well was in use around the middle of the twelfth
century. The decorated wares were scanty and included black and green painted sherds,
and sgraffito of the same general character as the two catalogued pieces. The plate
D 2 (Fig. 27) is a remarkably fine and complete example of the red fabric with external
slip and glaze.
GROUPE
The pithos immediately to the west of the Stoa of Attalos 2 in whichl the pieces
from this group (Figs. 29-31) were found appears to represent two periods of use as a
rubbish pit. The lower fill, in which there were no coins, contained the lamp E 1 (Fig. 29)
as well as a few sherds of rather careful sgraffito and some black and green painted
ware. A coin of Alexios I and four of Manuel I point to the dating of the upper fill
in the second half of the twelfth century. Although most of the pottery from this
pithos was fragmentary and comparatively ordinary, one piece is full of interest. The
warrior (E 2; Fig. 30) is of a type found on a few fragments in Corinth, and a sherd
with a small piece of skirt, leg and scabbard from Constantinople, now in Berlin,3 probably
comes from a similar figure. There is a certain resemblance to the warrior on A 91
(Fig. 17), although the one is full face and the other in profile. Both wear conical caps
with knobs at the corners and high collars, and carry somewhat similar shields. The
artist of the later fragment (A 91) was less accomplished and made no attempt to
represent the long hair which hangs down over the shoulder of the other figure and,
from the little that is left, we may judge, that his clothingf was drawn much less carefully.
There seems to be no reason to look for the identification of either of these figures
with any saint or historical personage, for the almost exclusively ecclesiastical character
one identified as tenth to elevenith cenittiry. The only other coin in the pit was Athenian Irnperial. For
the classification and dating of these coins, see J. P. Shear, Hesperia, V, 1936, pp. 148-9.
1 Section Z, Well at 54/MT.
2 Sectioll I Pithos at 15-17/FE-HllT.
W F. Volbach, Bildwerke des Kaiser-F'riedrich-Museums:Mittelulterliche Bildwerke aus Italien und
XV.
Byzanz, pl. 19, no. 6448.
of Byzantine art finds a marked exception in the pottery. Genre scenes, on the other
hand, are common, and warriors may find a place beside ball-players, charioteers and
scenes of domestic felicity.-
The recent finds in the Agora have made it possible to make a few generalizations
on the characteristics of the pottery of several different periods. Most of the tenth or
early eleventh century pottery of the Agora, in so far as it has been identified, is
represented in Group B. In contrast to Corinth, where it has been found in abundance,
the Agora has produced only a very few examples of polychrome ware (B 3, 4; Fig. 19),
but in every deposit wlich, according to excavation evidence, precedes the period of
black and green painted or sgraffito wares there is either brown glaze, or white ware,
or both.
At exactly what point these fabrics were supplanted by the painted and sgraffito
wares we are not yet in a position to say. Indeed, brown glaze seemnsto have continued
in use long, after the introduction of the new wares, but in diminished quantity, and
primarilv as a kitchen ware. The evidence from GroupA indicates that the more elaborate
wares had been established by the third quarter of the eleventh century. From the great
predominance of black and green painted ware over sgraffito in the two early periods
of Group A, as well as in other deposits where a similar stratification has been observed,
we shall probably be safe in assuming that the painted wares were introduced at some
time early in the eleventh century and reached the peak of their popularity at the end
of the same century. From the time when the sgraffito technique first makes its appearance,
toward the end of the eleventh century, its greater decorative possibilities lead to the
gradual displacement of the painted wares, although these continued to exist for some
time. By the end of the twelfth century it is not uncommon to find deposits with no
black and green ware at all, as in Periods III and IV of Group A, and in Group E.
Although there is no evidence for the existence of sgraffito in Athens before the
middle or the third quarter of the eleventh century, we note with. interest that the incised
technique followed not long after, since a plate dating from about 1100 A.D. has incised
details (C 5; Fig. 25). This new method is established by the middle of the twelfth century,
both for principal and accessory design. Both styles draw from the same repertory of
decorative motifs, but special adaptability leads to the preference of some patterns over
others. Rinceaux and running spirals, for example A 31-33, 36-45 (Figs. 7-9), are
common in the sgraffito technique, while ornamental Cufic and other patterns of a
rectilinear character (A 53, 54; Figs. 7, 8) are more frequently found in incised wares.
Birds, and animals, especially rabbits, are common to both styles in all periods.
Although the static quality of Byzantine art led to the preservation in unchanged
form of many designs, the period from the beginning of the twelfth to the middle of
the thirteenth century was not without some changes in the method of drawing. The
tendency was toward an increasing broadness of style, with consequent elimination of
1 Cf. a plate from Corinth, A.J.A., XXXIX, 1935, p. 77, fig. 1.

inner drawing. An extreme example of th-is may be seen in the comparison of two pieces
taken from the beginning and end of our period. The lion from a plate dating abotLt
1100 (C 4; Fig. 26) is drawn with such minute detail that it is at first difficult to
distingcuish his manie fromntlle rinceau background. On the other hand the rabbit from
the latest period. of Group A (A 89; Fig. 15), probably from the middle of the thirteenth
century, represents the simplification achieved by constant repetition of the motif. That
the difference is not priimarily one of skill is eloquently attested by the goat from a bowl
of the first half of the twelfth century (A 52; Fig. 8), where the artist faithfully, but
unsuccessfully, drew as mucll detail as lie could. The virtue of the late style was that
an inlcompetent draughtsman coul(d achieve a presentable effect by following a simple
formula.'
Another interesting tendency of the sgraffito technique is the development of incised
sgraffito. It is wortlh noting that the only incised sg,raffito in Period II of Group A
occurs in neat bands and consists entirely of short straight lines (A 53, 54; Figs. 7, 8).
With Period III, however the character is completely changed by the use of the technique
of curvilinear instead of rectilinear patterns. The restraining bands disappear and the
dlesign spreads in unconfined exuberanice over the whole field (A 66; Fig. 13). The new
mode also becomes popular in conjunction witlh sgraffito designs (A 91; Fig. 17). The
absence of this curvilinear form in the first two periods of Group A and its appearance
in the last two, and in other deposits of the same period or later, leads to the belief
that it was introduced late in the reign of Manuel I.
Byzantine pottery does not exhibit subtle development or refinement of shape. Some
slhapes, however, associate themselves with certain styles of decoration and with certain
periods. The widely flaring bowls with sharply defined rims, usually flat around the top,
are found almost exclusively in the black and green ware, with occasionally a little poor
accessory sgraffito (A 18, 26, 27; Figs. 5, 32). On the other hand, plates with an almost
vertical rim and low ring foot are almost always decorated with rather fine sgfraffito
(C 5, D 2, E 2; Figs. 25, 27, 30, 33). In the former case, the rim is usually quite or
nearly straight, in the latter it has a slight curve. Simple bowls with a fairly low ring
foot and flaring sides of the type of A 31 (Fig. 32) are found in all periods and all wares,
but they are most commonlv found in the earlier periods decorated with a little simple
soraffito (A 9, 39, 40; Figs. 2, 9). Later, perhaps toward the end of the reign of Manuel I
(Period III of Group A), the sides beoin to curve in and during the thirteenth century
one of the most comnmon shapes is a bowl with sligfhtly incurving sides and a widely
flaring foot frequently decorated with rabbits and other animals of the type of A 88-89
(Fig. 15). The beginning of this tendency may be seen in A 79 (Fig. 32).
The Agora material sheds no light on the difficult problem of provenience. It is difficult
to believe that no pottery was made in Athens, but criteria for distinguishing the imported
wares from the local imitations lhave in only a few cases been established. We have no
I This trend corresponids to a similar one noted in manuscript illumination and prefaces the final
break-up of the Byzantine style; ef. Art Btull., XVI, 1934, p. 72.
evidence for the existence of potters' workshops in the Agora before Turkish times, and
the inferiority of the pottery of Athens confirms the belief that we must look elsewhere
for the main centres of production. The general similarity between the pottery of Athens
and that of Corintlhand Sparta indicates a common source for much of it, and excavations
in all these cities have produced wares similar to those found in Constantinople and
some of the cities of Asia Minor.' The lack of resemblance between the pottery of Athens
and that of northern Greece is striking.2 It has been noted, for instance, that the
fabric of the pieces with the best and most careful decoration differs from that of the
poorer examples. The clay is red and fine, and, when attended by sgraffito decoration,
it is usually covered on the outside with a white slip and thin colorless glaze. Thlis
clay in no way resembles any fabric known to be of Attic manufacture in any period,
nor, so far as I am aware, any fabric of Greek manufacture. It is tempting to suppose
that these wares were exported in relatively small quantities from some centre outside
of Greece to various cities, including Athens, Corinth and Thebes. In the pottery with
similar designs but of the pinkish buff to buff clay familiar to all excavators in Greece
we may perhaps recognize the copies achieved with greater or less success by the local
artisans. Further systematic excavation on Byzantine sites will no doubt provide evidence
as to centres of production.
CATALOGUE
Unless otherwise specified, all vases are unslipped and unglazed on the outside, except
for an irregular band around the rim, and have a ring foot and plain rim. The following
abbreviations are used: H. Height; W. = Width; Diam. = Diameter; P. H. = Preserved
Height; P. W. = Preserved Width; Max. Dim. = MaximumDimension. A number preceded
by P is the Agora Inventory Number.
GROUPA
A 1. Green-glazed jug. Fig. 1

P 9561. H., 0.10m. Diam.of rim, 0.091m. About two thirds preserved.
Flat bottom;roundbody; vertical rim; one loop handle roundin section. A slight swelling
on the shoulder,alinost at right angles to the handle, probably indicatesthe start of a spout
(cf. B 2, Fig. 19). The entire inside, the outside of the rim and the handle coveredwith mottled
light green glaze. Rather coarse buff clay.
1 Cf. Volbach, op. cit., pls. 13-31, passim. Clear evidence of the manuifacture of certain wares in
Corinth has been found in the recent excavations of thc American School of Classical Studies there. This
material will be discussed by C. H. Morgan iin his publication, now in preparation, of the Byzantine pottery
from Corinth: CGorinil,Vol. XV. I am indebted to Mr. Morgan not only for the opportunity of examining
this material in detail, but also for much helpful discussion.
2 Examples of the Saloniki wares may be examined in the Byzantine Museuimin Athens. Cf. also
D. M. Robinson, Olynthus,V, pls. 204-208; the Byzantine pottery is discussed by A. Xyngopoulos.
A 2. Black and green painted bowl. Figs. 1, 32

P 9552. H., 0.107 m. Diam., 0.267 m. Part of the rim and walls missing.
Flaring bowl with upturned, but not sharply defined, rim. On the inside, on a white ground,
a large conventional pattern in green, outlined in black.
A 3. Black and green painted plate. Fig. 2

P 9555. H., 0.047 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.22 m. The wlhole of the ring foot and a small
portion of walls and rim preserved.
A deep plate with undefined rim. Across the plate, from rim to rim, three(?) bands of
ornament in green, outlined in black. Fine red clay with thin white slip on outside.
A 4. Black and greeln painted bowl. Fig. 1

P 9553. H., ca. 0.10 m. Diam., 0.267 m. Mtuchmissing; the profile is not complete.
A flaring bowl witlh slightly outturned tapering rim. Over a white slip, irregtular stripes,
alternating green and brown, descend from the rim toward the centre. Pinkish buff clay.
Fig. 1. Painted Bowls and Green-glazed Jug from Group A, Period I
A 5. Black and green painted plate. Fig. 2

P 9556. H., 0.046 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.22 m. The complete foot and abotut one sixth
of the rim and walls preserved.
Slightly upcurving sides and undefined rim. Over a white slip irregular vertical stripes, in
alternating groups of green and brown, descend from rim. Buff clay.
A 6. Brown painted plate. Figs. 2, 33

P 9557. H., 0.047 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.21 m. About one third preserved.
Slightly curving sides; inturned rim. Conventional designs in dark brown on a white slip,
covered with a thin colorless glaze. Fine red clay: thin white slip on olutside.
For this type of design, cf. a piece from Sparta, B.S. A., XVII, pl. XVIII, 66.
A 7. Brown and green painted bowl. Fig. 2

P 9554. H., 0.072 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.185 m. Part of the rim, walls and foot missing;
profile complete.
Almost straight flaring sides. On the inside, over a white slip, a bird painted in dark brown
and green; alternating brown and green diagonal stripes around rim. Pinkish buff clay.
29
A 8. Slip-painted plate. Fig. 2

P 9558. H., 0.045 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.22 m. Much mnissingfrom rim and walls;
profile complete.
An almost flat plate; inturned rim. An elaborate bird, with rinceaux in the field, painted in
white slip. Fine red clay; light yellow glaze; thin white slip on outside.
A 9. Sgraffito bowl. Fig. 2

P 9559. H., 0.065 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.15 m. About one third preserved.
A small bowl with undefined rim. In the centre, a medallion with a triple spiral. Almost
colorless glaze; buff clay.
Fig. 2. Decorated Bowls and a Terracotta Stamp from Group A, Period I
A 10. Fragrmentof sgraffito bowl. Fig. 2

P 9560. P. H. 0.037 ni. Half the base and a small part of the wall preserved.
Flat base; straight flaring sides. Crude sgraffito ornament around walls. Red clay; mottled
yellow-brown glaze.
A 11. Fragments of coarse pithos. Fig. 3

P 9562. I)iam. of rim estimnated,ca. 0.37 m.
From the rin and slioulder of a lai-ge pitlios with flat piojecting rim. Around the shoulder
ruin two hatchled ridges joinied at intervals by simnilarvertical iidges; two rows of incised zigzags
between the ridges '1nother belov. Coarse red clay.
Fig. 3. Coarse Pithoi from Groups A and B
A 12. Terracotta stamp. Fig. 2

A1C340. H., 0.04 m. Diam., ca. 0.07 m. A bit of the original edge preserved to the right.
A round disk with a pierced kniob above. In relief, a cross with letters between the arils.
Finie red clay.
A 13. Yellow-glazed bowl. Fig,. 4

P' 9569. H, 0.065 in. D)iam.estimated, ca. 0.16 m. About one thlird preserved.
Flaring sides. Buff clay; mottled yellow glaze over an uneven wlhite slip, the glaze partly
peeled.
A 14. Brown-glazed bowl. Fig. 4

P 9570. H., 0.058 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.14 m. About one half preserved.
Flaring, slightly rounded walls. Mottled light brown glaze over thin slil; tliumb-marks of
white slip arounid inside of rim. Buff clay. This glaze is in no way similar to the brown glaze
associated with the earlier periods, whlich is thicker and applied directly over the clay.
A 15. Imitation porcelain sherd. Fig. 4

P 9392. Max. Dim., 0.057 m.
From the base of an open dish with ring foot and wide shallow fluting on the ouitside. Hard
wlhite clay; white glaze.
Tvo fragments of similar fabric exist in the Islamic Department of the Vorderasiatisichlen
Museum in Berlin; the provenience of both is Egypt.
Fig. 4. Bowls and Jugs from Group A, Period II

29*
A 16. Green painted plate. Figs. 5, 33

P 9563. H., 0.043 in. Diam., 0.186 m. About two thirds preserved.
Flat projecting rim. Green spirals on a white ground. Buff clay.
A 17. Black and green painted plate. Figs. 6, 33

P 9564. H., 0.047 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.23 m. About one third preserved; profile complete.
Undefined rim. On a background of white slip, a cruide conventional design in green glaze,
outlined in black matt paint. The whole seems not to have been covered with the thin colorless
glaze usual in this ware. Buff clay.
Fig. 5. Painted and Sgraffito Bowls from Group A, Period IT

P 9565. H., 0.109 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.28 m. Profile complete.
On a white grounld, a rinceau pattern in green, outlined in black; around the inside of the
rim, green and black spirals. Thin white slip over all the outside, thicker around the rim. Red clay.
This bowl is a fine specimen of a ware which is generally seen in decadent form.

P 9566. P. H., 0.068 in. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.205 m.
Rim projects slightly downward. Double curves in green outlined in black descenid from rimn;
convenitional patt-ern i'n 'Centre(?). J3uff clay.
A 20. Black and green painted jug. Fig. 4

P 9572. P. H., 0.078 m. Diam. of base, 0.042 m. The lower part only preserved.
Small flaring solid base. On a white ground, irregular curving lines, alternately black matt
paint and green glaze, descending from shoulder. No glaze over all. Red clay.
A 21. Black and green painted, jug. Fig. 4

P 9573. H. estimated, ca. 0.15 m. Diam., 0.086 m. Much missing from shoulder and walls.
The upper handle attachment preserved.
Flat bottom; trefoil lip. Alternating green and black wavy lines from shoulder to base; thin
glaze over all. Red clay.
Fig. 6. Painted and Sgraffito Fraginents from Group A, Period II
A 22. Painted bowl. Fig. 5

P 9567. H., 0.085 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.25 m. The foot and parts of the rim and walls
preserved; profile complete.
Almost vertical rim. Design in black against a wlhite ground. Colorless to light yellow-green
glaze. Pinkish buff clay.
A 23. Painted bowl. Fig. 5

P 9568. H., 0.065 m. Diam., 0.154 m. Almost complete.
Upturned rim. A circle of black dots in the centre and short black strokes fiom the rim.
Mottled light to dark green glaze. Buff clay.
A 24. Slip-painted bowl. Fig. 6

P 9571. Max. Dim., 0.188 m. Diam. of foot, 0.119 m. Part of the foot and walls, none of the
rim, preserved.
From a shallow bowl or a deep plate. A design of imitation Cuificaround a central medallion,
painted in white slip and covered with a light green glaze. Red clay. White slip on outside.
For a similar piece, cf. part of the middle of a bowl from Constantinople in the Kaiser-Friedrich-
Museum. Volbach, op. cit., p. 230, no. 6582, pl. 31.
A 25. Slip-painted jug. Fig. 4

P 9574. P. H., 0.113 m. Diam. of foot, 0.085 m. Most of the body preserved, including the
lower handle attachment and the start of the narrow neck.
Rotiind body; flat bottom. Spirals around the shoulder, and on the neck a crude guilloclle.
Yellowv glaze. Red clay.
A 26. Sgraffito bowl with painting. Fig. 5

Sharply defined, almost vertical rim. Three bands of green glaze and a sgraffito rinceau
surrounding a medallion of triple spirals, sgraffito. Rather poor technique. Coarse buff clay.
A 27. Sgraffito bowl with painting. Figs. 5, 32

Sharply defined, almost vertical rim. Medallion with triple spiral, and a rinceau band, both
sgraffito, separated by irregtular strokes, alternately purplish black and green; black anid green
vertical strokes around the inside of the rim. Thick white slip oln the outside. Buff clay.
A 28. Small sgraffito bowl with painting. Fig. 6

P 9577. H., 0.052m. Diam., 0.125m. Complete except for a few small firagmentsof the rim anidwall.
Flaring walls witlh uindefinedrim; small, almost flat base. Four zonies of alternatilng sgraffito
and brown painted decoration, crudely done. The paint varies from black to light brown. Buff clay.
Fig. 7. Sgraffito Bowls from Group A, Period II

A 29. Fragments of sgraffito plate with painting. Fig. 6

P 9578. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.31 m. Onie fragmenit preserves the profile to the ininer edge
of the ring foot, thc others are non-joining pieces of the rim and foot.
From a large plate witlh an uncertain sgraffito design, possibly a bird; around the edge,
ani undulatinig black line, alternate loops filled in with green. Very light green glaze. Btuff clay.
A 30. Fragment of sgraffito bowl. Fig. 6

P 9595. P.H., 0.08m. P. W., 0.26 m. Part of the ring foot anid the start of the initurned
ri[n preserved.
The head and part of the body of a dragon around a central medallion(?). Colorless glaze
witlh splotches of greeni. Btuff clay.
A 31. Sgraffito bowl. Figs. 7, 32

P 9391. H., 0.065 m. Diam., 0.183 m. Soine pieces missinig from riun and wvalls.
Flaring sides; undefined rim. In the centre, a medallion witlh a split palmette design against
an imbricated background. Around the sides, a band of rinceau and one of zigzags. Greenisl
yellowv glaze; white slip and thin colorless glaze over all the outside. Red clay.
A 32. Fragfmentof sgraffito plate. Fig. 8

P 9596. H., 0.04 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.24 m. A fragment from the foot to the rim.
Low ring foot; notched rim. A conventional design against an imbricated backgrolund in
a medallion surrounidedby a beaded band anid a band of zigzags. Light yellow glaze, white
slip and thin glaze on outside. Red clay.
Fig. 8. Sgrafflto Fragments from Group A, Period II

A 33. Fragment of sgraffito plate. Figs. 8, 33

P 9600. H., 0.04 m. Diarn. estimated, ca. 0.20 in. A fragment from the rim to the inside of
the ring foot.
Low ring foot; curving, vertical rim. In the centre, a medallion with a conventional design(?)
against an imbricated background, surrounded by a beaded band and a rinceau. Fairly fine
work. Colorless glaze; white slip and thin glaze on outside. Red clay.

P 9589. H., 0.055 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.13 m. About one half preserved; profile complete.
A small bowl with undefined rim. In the centre, a conventional design against an imbricated
background; below the rimn,a border of broad bands, alternately vertical and diagonal, outlined
against an imbricated background. Yellow glaze; white slip and thin colorless glaze oni outside.
Red clay.

P 9592. P. H., 0.58 m. P. W., 0.14 m. From the wall of a small bowl. The start of the
foot, none of the rim preserved.
In the centre, a medallion with a conventional design(?) against an imbricated background;
two imbricated banids around the sides. Almost colorless glaze; white slip anid very thin glaze
on outside.

P 9579. H., 0.065 m. Diam., 0.181 in. Much missing from rim and walls.
A shallow bowl with slightly incurving sides. Around the centre a band of simple sgraffito
rinceau. Green glaze Red clay.
A 37. Fragments of sgraffito bowl. Fig. 9

P 9583. P. H., 0.065 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.26 m. About one half of the rim and walls,
none of the foot preserved.
A wide bowl with slightly incurving rim. Central medallion with a conventional design (?)
against an imbricated background, surrounded by a band of rinceau. Yellow glaze; white slip
on outside. Red clay.

P 9584. P. H., 0.08 m. Diam., 0.28 m. None of the foot preserved.
Inset flaring rim. Central modallion with a conventional design(?) against an imbricated
background, surrounded by a narrow band of diagonal strokes and a riinceani. Green glaze;
white slip on outside. Pinkish buff clay.
Several joining fragments were found in Section KK,Pithos K; see above, p. 432.

Small bowl with undefined rim. Trriple spiral in the central medallion. Almost colorless
glaze. Buff clay.

P 9591. H., 0.055 m. Diam. estirnated, ca. 0.135 m. About one half preserved.
Similar in shape to the preceding. Crude rinceau around the inside. Almost colorless glaze.
Buff clay.

13 9,588. H., ca. 0.08 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.21 m.
Flaring bowvl with almost vertical rim. A central medallioni with a triple spiral; a simple
rinceau around the sides. Almost colorless glaze. Buff clay.

P 958.5. H., ca. 0.075 m. Diam. estimated, cc. 0.21 m.
A flaring bowl with undefined rim. Decoration similar to the preceding, but of better work-
manship. Almost colorless glaze; white slip and thin glaze on the outside. Red clay.
A43
_q_~~~A 44 4A42
Fig. 9. Sgraffito Bowls from Group A, Period II
A 43. Sgraffito plate. Figs. 9, 33

P 9597. H.) 0.07 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.31 m. About one quarter preserved.
Slightly flaring ring foot. Large central medallion with elaborate rinccau pattern, surrounded
by a narrow band of diagonal strokes and a rinceau. Almost colorless glaze. Pinkish buff clay.
A 44. Sgraffito plate. Fig. 9

P 9598. H., 0.045 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.22 m.
A flat plate with inturnied rim. In -the centre, a rinceau medallion; arounid the edge, a crude
s*rrounded
rinceau band by double lines. Almost colorless glaze; white slip on outside. Red clay.
A 45. Sgraffito plate. Figs. 7, 33

P 9599. H., 0.05 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.25 m. The rinig foot almost all broken away.
Flat projecting rim. Around the inside, two crude riiiccau bands. Colorless to light green
glaze, peeled in spots; pinkish slip. Clay buff to red.
A 46. Base of sgraffito bowl. Fig. 8

P 9586. Diam. of foot, 0.091 m.
Flaring ring foot, moulded slightly at the bottom. In the ceintre,a medallion witlhan interlace
against an imbricated backgrounid. Colorless glaze. Buff clay.

P 7836. H., 0.073 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.19 m. Profile complete.
Undefined rirn. In the centre, an eagle; conventional foliate ornament in the field. A con-
ventional border around the rim. Light green glaze wl-ich has bubbled in firing. Pink clay.
This bowl was found in 1936, in Pithos K, Section KK. A small fragment from the cistern
under discussion was found to joini. This piece is tlhereforeincluded along with the tlhreefollowing
pieces from the same location.

P 7837. H., 0.073m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.19 m. Profile coinplete.
Undefined rim. In a medallion enclosed in a wreath, the lhead and shoulders of a figure,
left, with hands outstretched toward all object of which only a trace remnains. Uneveii yellow
glaze. Buff clay.
A 49. Fragrmentof sgraffito bowl. Fig. 8

P 7838. Diam. of foot, 0.10 M.
From the centre of the bowl. A bird, running, with lhead uptuirned. Almost colorless glaze,
badly corroded. Orange clay.
A 50. Fragment of incised bowl. Fig. 8

P 7839. Diamn.of foot, 0.067 in.
From the ceiitre of the bowl. A birdl with inicised body, head, wings and legs sgraffito;
traces of field ornament above. Pale yellow glaze. White slip on outside. Coarse rled clay.

P 9594. Diam. of foot, ca. 0.10 m.
From a bowl witlh a flaring foot. A bird, right; feet, beak and end of tail missing; traces
of field ornament. Light yellow glaze; white slip on outside. Red clay.

P 9593. Diam. of foot, 0.12 m.
From the bottom of a large bowl. A goat, crudely drawni,eating a piece of the field ornameiit.
Yellow glaze. Coarse yellowislh clay.
A 53. Fragfmentof incised sgraffito bowl. Fig. 8

P 9587. Diam. of foot, 0.085 m.
Froin the bottom of a shallow bowl; trace of inturn for rim at top of preserved wall. In the
centre, a medallion of circles within squares, sturroundedby a band of incised vertical strokes.
Light green glaze. Buff clay. Traces of burning.
Some joining fragments were found in P'ithos K.
A 54. Incised sgraffito plate. Fig. 7
P 9601. H., 0.058 m. Diam., 0.253 m.
Heavy ring foot. Thiee zones of ornament consistinig of vertical lines, incised and sgraffito,
the iniddle one interrupted four (?) times by a inedallion of horizontal and vertical lines; a similar
medallion in the centre. Yellow glaze; creamy slip oni outside. Orange clay.
Joining fragments were found in Pithos K.
A 55. Fragment of cooking pot. Fig. 10

P 9580. P. H., 0.115 m. Diam. of rim estimated, ca. 0.15 m.
From a round-bodied pot vith two (?) handles and ouitturned rim; shallow grooves around
handle zone. Coarse red clay, burnied black on the outside.
Fig. 10. MIiscellaneouisObjects from Group A, Period II
A 56. Amphora handle. Fig. 10

P 9581. W., 0062 n.
Lower attachment preserved. Broad flat handle witlh three rows of triangular puinclhes. Coarse
red clay.
A 57. Coarse lid. Fig. 10

P 9582. Max. Dim., 0.133 m. Oinly a small bit of the edge preserved.
A flat lid with conccntric grooves and a loop handle. Coarse buff clay; traces of buirning.
A 58. Double-saucered lamp. Fig. 10

L, 2864. H., 0.25 in. Diam. of upper saucer, ca. 0.08 m. The handle and parts of the lower
saucer broken away.
The upper saucer has an uneven covering of green glaze over a wliite slip; part of the slip
covers the lower saucer. Buff clay.
A 59. Clay disc. Fig. 10

MC 349. Diam., 0.07-0.078 m.
A thick disc, irregularly flat, with a hole near the middle; possibly a spindle whorl. Orange
clay with traces of a lighter slip.
A 60. Fragment of a porphyry cross. Fig. 10

ST 169. P. H., 0.03 m. P. W., 0.029 m.
Two arms of a small Maltese cross.
Fig. 11. Sgraffito and Plain-glazed Wares from Group A, Period III
A 61. Stone artifact. Fig. 10

ST 179. Max. Dim., 0.065 m.
A piece of black stone, i'rregularly shaped; all sides polished smooth as if from use as a grinder.
A 62. Bone button. Fig. 10

BI332. Diam., 0.023m. T., 0.006m.
One side flat, the other domed and decorated with incisions; pierced through the centre. Trhe
bone dyed pink.
A 63. Yellow-glazed bowl. Fig. 11

P 9611. P. H., 0.085 m. Diam., 0.21 m. The foot and a few smiall pieces of the rim and walls
missing.
Curving sides. In the centre, a depression surrounded by a ridge; notched rim. Uneven
yellow glaze; white slip on outside. Buff clay.
A 64. Yellow-glazed bowl. Fig. 14

P 9612. H., 0.055 m. Diam., 0.143 m. Pieces of the rim and walls missing.
A small bowl with inturned rim. Yellow glaze with irregular streaks and dots of brown.
White slip on outside. Pinkish buff clay.
A 65. Sgraffito bowl. Figs. 11, 12, 32

A shallow bowl with almost vertical, slightly outturned rim; low ring foot. In the central
medallion, a bird against an imbricated background; between the medallion and the rim, one
narrow and one wide band of zigzags. Almost colorless glaze; thin wllite slip on the outside.
Fine red clay.
A 66. Incised sgraffito bowl. Fig. 13

P 9385. H., 0.11 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.30 m. About one half preserved. Profile complete.
A large flaring bowl with slightly incurving rim. A goat, right, eating a vine; vines in the
field. Green glaze. Buff clay.
Fig. 12. Sgraffito Bowls from Group A, Period III
A 67. Incised bowl. Figs. 11, 12, 32

A deep bowl on a high conical foot. In the centre, a large medallion with a quatrefoil pal-
mette ornament against an incised background. Yellow glaze; white slip and thin colorless glaze
on the outside. Reddish clay.
A 68. Incised bowl. Figs. 11, 12, 32

P 9387. H., 0.109m. Diam., 0.23 m. Almost complete.
An open bowl on a flaring foot; almost flat floor, with sharply defined junction between floor
and vertical concave sides. In the centre, a medallion with a rinceau design against an incised
background. Yellow glaze; white slip and colorless glaze on outside. Reddish clay.

P 9388. H., ca. 0.05 m. Diarn. estimated, ca. 0.31 m. About one third preserved.
A large plate with hatched rim. In the centre, a geometric design (?) against an imbricated
background, surrounded by three rinceau bands, the middle one interrupted, probably four times,
by a geometric medallion. Fairly fine work. Almost colorless glaze within and without. Red
clay. Mended in antiquity.
A 70. Incised sgraffito bowl. Fig. 13

P 9602. H., 0.14 in. Diam., 0.321 m. Fragments from the rim and wall, also most of the
central medallion, missing.
Ratlherhigh ring foot; upturned rim. In the centre, a medallion with a conventional design(?)
against an imbricated background; around the sides, a band of incised vertical strokes. Poor
green glaze. Pinkish buff clay.

P 9603. H., 0.105 m. Diam., ca. 0.305 m. About onc half preserved.
High ring foot; inturned rim. In the centre, a bird, crudely drawn, head and feet mnissing;
conventional foliate ornaments in the field. Poor light yellow glaze. Buff clay.
Fig. 13. Sgraffito Ware from Group A, Period III

P 9604. H., 0.095 ni. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.29 m.
Slightly flaring ring foot; intuirned rim. In the centre, a bird, sgraffito; incised sgraffito vine
ornament in the field. Brownish yellow glaze; white slip on outside. Buff clay.
A 73. Incised sgraffito lid. Fig. 14

P 9605. P. H., 0.06.5m. Diam., 0.205 m.
Slightly inieurving rim; small stem for knob broken away. The inside glazed green; around
the outside a scrawling conventional design with brownish yellow glaze, much peeled. Clay grey
to buff.

P 9606. Diam. of foot, 0.117 m.
The bottom of a large bowl witlh rinig foot. A bird, right, head missinig; conventional foliate
ornament in the field. Yellow glaze; white slip on the outside. Light red clay.

P 9607. Diam. of foot, 0.123 m.
In a medallion, an animal, left, head missing; no inner detail oni body; small vine sprays in
background. Yellow glaze. Buff clay.
Fig. 14. Sgraffito and Plain-glazed Wares from Group A, Period III

Notched rim. In the centre, an elaborate rinceani medallion suLrroundedby two bands of
zigzags. Yellow glaze, much peeled; white slip on outside. Red clay. Traces of burning.

P 9609. H., 0.058 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.26 m. Profile complete to inside of ring foot.
Plain rim. In the centre, a medallioni with a conventional design (?) against an imb:ieated
background, surrounded by a band of incised vertical strokes and, near the edge, a broader band
of sgraffito strokes. Dull light green glaze; white slip on outside. Light red clay.
A 78. Medallion from incised bowl. Fig. 14

P 9610. Max. Dim., 0.085 m.
From a small bowl with flaring foot. A split palmette with an inner palmette against an
incised background. Yellow glaze; white slip and very thin glaze on outside. Pinkish buff clay.

Widely flaring foot; incurving sides. In the centre, a medallion with a conventional design
against an imbricated background. Uneven green glaze. Buff clay.
Fig. 15. Bowls and Plates from Group A, Period lV
A 80. Double-saucered lamp. Fig. 14

L 2865. P. H., 0.113 m. The lower half and parts of both saucers mnissing.
The spouts are at right angles to each other. The upper sauicerglazed yellow on the inside,
with brown around the rim; the whole of the outside, and the inside of the lower saucer glazed
green. Pinkish buff clay.
A 81. Slip-painted bowl. Fig. 15

Slightly flaring ring foot; inturned rim. In the centre, uinderthe glaze, a design painted in
black with splotches of white; white under the glaze around the rim; elsewhere the colorless glaze
is applied directly over the clay. Clay buff to orange.
A 82. Green-glazed bowl. Fig. 16

Slightly flaring ring foot; incurving rim. Uneven green glaze on the inside; thin white slip
on the outside. Pinkish buff clay.
A 83. Yellow and green-glazed bowl. Fig. 15

P 9616. H., 0.07 m. Diam estimated, ca. 0.19 m. About two thirds preserved.
Undefined rim. The inside glazed light greenish-yellow with streaks of green running down
from the rim. Buff clay.
A*84. Small yellow-glazed bowl. Fig. 16

P 9617. H., 0.067 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.15 m. About one quarter preserved.
Widely flaring foot. White slip on outside. Btuff clay.

P 9618. 1H., 0.05-0.06 m. Almost complete.
A large, almost flat plate. In the centre, a cross; the inside was covered with yellow glaze
which has almost entirely peeled away; the white slip and thin colorless glaze which covered the
outside has likewise almost disappeared. Buff clay.
Fig. 16. Plain-glazed Ware from Group A, Period IV
A 86. Yellow-glazed plate. Fig. 16

P 9619. H., 0.042 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.215 m. About oine half preserved.
Slightly iuiturned rim. Buff clay, from which the yellow glaze has almost entirely peeled.
A 87. Yellow-glazed jug. Fig. 16

P 9621. P. H., 0.11 m. Diam., 0.14 m. None of the neck and only the lower attachment of
the handle preserved.
From the shoulder and lower part of a round-bodied jug. Flat base set off by shallow groove.
Light yellow glaze; the bottom glazed but not slipped. Red clay.

P 9380. H., 0.108 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.115 m. A small section of the rim and walls
preserved. Profile complete.
Flaring foot; slightly ineurving rim. In the centre, a medallion with an animal, right, looking
back, against an imbricated background. Light yellow glaze. Buff clay.

P 9381. P. H., 0.042 m. Diam. of foot, 0.095 m. About tlhree quarters of the medallion and
foot preserved.
From a bowl similar to the preceding. A rabbit against an imbricated background, in a
medallion suirlroundedby a border of four incised bands, cross-hatched at intervals. Light yellow
glaze. Buff clay.
30
Fig. 17. Sgraffito Fragment from Group A, Period IV. (Slightly reduced)
A 90. Incised bowl. Fig. 15

P 9382. P. H., 0.065 m. Diam., 0.151 m.
A flaring stemmed bowl; the stem completely broken away. In the centre, a medallioni with
a rabbit against an incised background, crudely drawn. Yellow glaze; white slip on ouitside.
Reddish clay. Mended in antiquity.
A 91. Incised sgraffito sherd. Fig. 17

P 9383. Max. Dim., 0105 m.
From an opeii plate. The lhead and shoulders of a warrior, left, weaiing a pointed cap and
carrying a pointed wicker (?) shield. Yellow glaze. Orange clay.
Fig. 18. Coarse Ware from Group A, Period IV'


P 9620. H., 0.057 m. Diam., 0.26 m.
Rather high ring foot; almost flat projecting rim decorated with cross-hatching. Bubbly
yellow glaze; traces of white slip on outside. Buff clay.
A 93. Coarse jug. Fig. 18

P 9622. H., 0.26 m. Diam., 0.19 m. The handle and part of the lip broken away.
Rounded bottom; shallow grooves around neck, shoulder and above base. Coarse red clay.
A 94. Fragment of large jar. Fig. 18

P 9623. P. H., 0.175 m. W. of handle, 0.062 m.
A handle and part of the wall of a coarse jar; none of the rim preserved. Below the upper
h)andleattachmnent,a ridge, below which are three rows of zigzags scratched in the clay. Coarse
red clay.
A 95. Fragment of coarse bowl. Fig. 18

P 9624. H., 0.135 m. Diam. estiinated, ca. 0.30 m. Profile complete.
A flat-bottomed bowl with slightly culrvinigsides. Below the rim, on the outside, two grooves.
Coarse clay, red to buff on the ouitside, grey at the core.
GROUP B
B 1. Brown-glazed chafing dish. Fig. 19

P 10,147. H., 0.185 m. Diam.at rim, 0.215 m.
Deep bowl with mouilded rim and flat bottom; high base tapering toward concave foot, with
a large rectangular opening on one side; on the opposite side at least one small round hole; two
vertical handles attached at the base of the bowl and just above the foot; irreglular gouges on
the ouitside of the base. The glaze covers the inside of the bowl, with splashes onl the outside.
Coarse red clay.
B 2. Spouted jug. Fig. 19

P 10,148. H., 0.092m. Diam., 0.103m.
Flat bottom; straight rim; vertical lhandle from top of rim to below point of greatest
circumferenice; spout set on shoulder near handle. Brown glaze over inside and upper part of
outside, much damaged and whitened. Coarse red clay.
Fig. 19. Glazed Wares from Group B

30*
Fig. 20. Cooking Pots from Groups B and E
B 3. Polychrome cup. Fig. 19

P 9981. H., 0.063m. Diam., 0.089m. One handle and a piece of the rim missinig.
Concave, slightly projecting base; almnostvertical sides with sharply defined inward slope
near the base; two handles extending from rim to base. On exterior, a band of trefoils of
yellow-brown glaze outlined in black; on the floor, in black paint, a cross with bars at the ends.
Yellow glaze around the inside and outside of the rim, with splashes on the handle. White clay,
nink at the core.
For similar interior decorationi on
the same ware, cf. Rice, pl. VI.
B 4. Fragment of blue-glazed bowl or

cup. Fig. 19
P 9982. H., 0.046 m. Diam. estimated,
ca. 0.10 m. Profile complete.
Slightly flaring rim; groove at bottom
of side wall. Covered all over with a
light blue-green glaze, badly stained.
Grey clay.
B 5. Fragment of a coarse lid. Fig. 21

P 9984. T., 0.016 m. Max. Dim.,
0.075 m.
From a flat lid with plain rim. In
a circle stamped on the upper surface
is a scene, undoubtedly to be interpreted
as the Adoration of the Magi. At the
left a figure sits, three-quarters or profile,
holding a child; from the right ad-
vance three figures wearing Phrygian
caps, short tunics and possibly trousers;
each carries a small object. Solid red
brown clay, much blackened, especially
on the lower surface. Fig. 21. Stamped Fragment. (Actual size)
Fig. 22. Green-glazed Chafing-dish (White Ware)
FI 2i
Fig. 23. Brown-glazed Lid for Cliafing-dish

Fig. 24. Brown-glazed Cliafing-dish, Plastic Decoration
Fig. 25. Bowls and Plates from Group C

B 6. Two-handled cooking pot. Fig. 20
P 9983. H., 0.155 m. Diam. of rim, 0.125 m. Diam. of body, 0.191 in. Intact.
A round-bottomed plump pot; vertical rim with the top surface sloping in; two vertical handles
on the shoulder. Four shallow wheel-grooves about the point of greatest circumference. Gritty
red-brown clay; the bottom burned black.
B 7. Frag-mentof coarse pithos. Fig. 3

P 10,149. Diam. at rim estimated, ca. 0.305 in.
A piece from the rim and shoulder witlh one handle preserved. Vertical rim, flat on top, vith
two anguilar ridges around the side; horizontal loop lhandle on bulging side wall. Incised wavy
lines below rim. Coarse red clay, grey at core.
GROUP C
C 1. Green-glazed bowl. Figs. 25, 33

A shallow bowl with careftully profiled walls sharply distinguiished from low, nearly vertical
rim. White slip on outside. Reddish clay.
C 2. Slip-painted bowl. Figs. 25, 32

P 5634. H., 0.117 m. Diam, 0.291 m.
A large bowl withl uptturnedrirn. Slip-paiilted design of triangles with irregular streaks and
splotches, covered with greeii glaze. Buiff clay.
Fig. 26. Sgraffito Fragment from Group C

C 3. Red-painted plate. Figs. 25, 33

P 5633. H., 0.037 m. Diam., 0.205 m.
Upturnied sides; ve-y low rinig foot. Decorated with two bands of debased rinceau in heavy
reddish browvnover a white slip. Slightly opaque colorless glaze. Light brown clay.
C 4. Fragment of sgraffito bowl. Fig. 26

P 5631. Diam. of foot, 0.09 m.
The bottom of a shallow bowl; most of the central medallion preserved. A seated lion, his
head, frontal, resting on his forelegs; his body followinig tho contour of the circle, against a rinceau
background; on his haunichla cross. Light greenish ycllow glaze. Light red clay. Thin colorless
glaze on outside.
C 5. Sgraffito plate with incision. Figs. 25, 33

P 5632. 1I., 0.032 tn. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.20 m.
Sharply upturned rim; low, concave foot. A rosette in a central medallion, suirrounded by
a band of enclosed palumettes,sgraffito, with incised details. Light green glaze; white slip o01
the outside. Reddish clay.
GROUP D
o 1. Fragment of sgraffito bowl. Fig. 27

P 5572. H., 0.07 in. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.20 m.
A piece from the rim to the base of a small flaring bowl. In the centre, a rinceau medallion;
around the middle of the wall, a rinceau band interrupted at least once by a medallion; near
Fig. 27. Sgraffito Ware and a Lamp from Group D

Fig. 28. Coarse Ware from Group D
the rim a wider band with a running pattern of heart-shaped leaves. Greenish yellow glaze;
white slip anid colorless glaze on the outside. Red clay.
D 2. Sgraffito plate with incision. Fig. 27

Vertical rim; very low ring foot. Small central medallion with a bird against ani incised
backgrounid, surrounded by three baiids of conventional ornament, sgraffito, the middle one inter-
rupted four times by an incised medallion. Almnostcolorless glaze, thin slip and glaze on the
outside. Red clay.
D 3. Double-saucered lamp. Fig. 27

L 1717. H., 0.228 m. W. of upper saucer, ca. 0.083 m. Diam. of base, 0.127 m.
The stand flares toward the base. Green glaze on the inside of the upper saucer; traces of
white slip on the outside of both saucers. Buff clay.
Fig. 29. Sgraffito Bowls and a Lamp from Group E

D 4. Unglazed amphora. Fig. 28

P 5316. H., 0.293 m. Diam., 0.229 m.
Rounded bottom, short neck; wheel ridges on the shoulder. Coarse red clay.
D 5. Coarse jug with incised decoration. Fig. 28

P 5569. P. H., 0.218 m. Diam., 0.195 m.
Round body; flat bottom. Zigzag lines incised in the wet clay, on the shoulder. Micaceous
pinkish buiff clay, grey core. Lip and handle missing.
Fig. 30. Sgraffito Plate from Group E

o 6. Unglazed ampliora. Fig. 28

P 5570. H., 0.23 m. Diam., 0 175 m.
Round body, tapering toward flat bottom. Several grooves arouindshoulder. Light pinkish
buff clay. One handle and most of lip missing.
D 7. Unglazed amphora. Fig. 28

P 5571. H., 0.225 m. Diam., 0.176 mn.
Round body tapering sharply toward flat bottom. Narrow neck with flaring lip. Wheel-run
grooves arounid shoulder. Coarse brick-red clay. One handle and most of lip missing.
GROUP E
E 1. Double-saucered lamp. Fig. 29

L 2842. H., 0.136 mi. Max. Diam., 0.097 m.
The upper saucer anid the handle broken away. Flaring
base. Btuff clay; yellowislh glaze, mulch worn.
E 2. Sgraffito plate with incision. Figs. 30, 33

P 9396. H., 0.071 m. Diam. estimated, ca. 0.29 m. Less than
half preserved.
Fig. 31. Stone Seal from
Almost vertical rim; low ring foot. A warrior, facing, wearing
Group E. (Slightly enlarged)
a higlh conical c.:p, a tight-fitting garment covering hlis arms
and legs, and a flaring skirt resembling a fustanella. His long
culrly lhair falls below his shoulders. In his left hand he carries a shield, in his right a short
staff topped vith a rosette. rrvo tree-like objects rise from his shoulders and from his waist
hangs a scabbard(?). At his riglht is an eagle or falcon with incised body and around him, en-
circling tlhe plate, is coiled a dragon. The rim is decorated with a border of alternate tear-drops
and lozenges above a debased guilloche. Yellow glaze; white slip and thiin glaze on outside.
Light red clay.
E 3. Incised sgraffito bowl. Fig. 29

Fragments of a low bowvl vith slightly ineurving sides. In the centre, a Maltese cross, cross-
hatched,with loops at the ends and arrows between the arms. Light yellow glaze. Biff clay.
E 4. Fragment of incised sgraffito bowl. Fig. 29

P 9504. II., 0.056m. Diain.estimated,ca. 0.170in.
From a small bowl with flaring sides. In the centre, a medallionwith a simple design of
incised lines; arouindthe sides, two bandsof vertical incisedlines. Yellow glaze. Light red clay.
E 5. Two-handled cooking pot. Fig. 20

P 9506. P. H., 0.225m. Diam., 0.277in. The bottom, one handle and pieces from the walls
missing.
427 A44 c A2 A79- A67
/' '~~-'
Fig. 32. Profiles of Bowls
32:s E~h *
Af ~~~~~~~~A4 Fig. 33. Profiles of Bowls and Plates
E2 -0 :
Fig.33. Profiles of Bowls

adPae
SqLuat pot tapering slightly toward bottom; low vertical rim. Wheel-run grooves arounid
middle of body. Dark red micaceotis clay, unglazed; blackened by fire.
E 6. Stone Seal. Fig. 31

ST 171. H., 0.016 m. Diam., 0.01 m.
A cone-shaped stone with a small knob at the poinit. On the flat circular bottom is engraved
a bird. Light green stone with a soapy texture; opaque.
M. ALISON FRANTZ

Middle Byzantine Pottery in Athens

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Middle Byzantine Pottery in Athens

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MIDDLE BYZANTINE POTTERY IN ATHENS

American School of Classical Studies at Athens

II. Irinessed VIare (Rice A 5).

III. Painted Wares.

purple or brown. Individual pots are sometimes referred to as browniand green,

V. Coarse Ware. A 11, 55-57, 93-95; B 5-7; D 4-7.

Period I. A 1-12. Figs. 1-3

Period IV. A 81-95. Figs. 15-18

1 Cf. a plate from Corinth, A.J.A., XXXIX, 1935, p. 77, fig. 1.

A 1. Green-glazed jug. Fig. 1

A 2. Black and green painted bowl. Figs. 1, 32

A 3. Black and green painted plate. Fig. 2

A 4. Black and greeln painted bowl. Fig. 1

Fig. 1. Painted Bowls and Green-glazed Jug from Group A, Period I

A 5. Black and green painted plate. Fig. 2

A 6. Brown painted plate. Figs. 2, 33

A 7. Brown and green painted bowl. Fig. 2

A 8. Slip-painted plate. Fig. 2

A 9. Sgraffito bowl. Fig. 2

Fig. 2. Decorated Bowls and a Terracotta Stamp from Group A, Period I

A 10. Fragrmentof sgraffito bowl. Fig. 2

A 11. Fragments of coarse pithos. Fig. 3

Fig. 3. Coarse Pithoi from Groups A and B

A 12. Terracotta stamp. Fig. 2

A 13. Yellow-glazed bowl. Fig,. 4

A 14. Brown-glazed bowl. Fig. 4

A 15. Imitation porcelain sherd. Fig. 4

Fig. 4. Bowls and Jugs from Group A, Period II

A 16. Green painted plate. Figs. 5, 33

A 17. Black and green painted plate. Figs. 6, 33

Fig. 5. Painted and Sgraffito Bowls from Group A, Period IT

A 18. Black and green painted bowl. Figs. 5, 32

A 19. Black and green painted bowl. Figs. 6, 32

A 20. Black and green painted jug. Fig. 4

A 21. Black and green painted, jug. Fig. 4

Fig. 6. Painted and Sgraffito Fraginents from Group A, Period II

A 22. Painted bowl. Fig. 5

A 23. Painted bowl. Fig. 5

A 24. Slip-painted bowl. Fig. 6

A 25. Slip-painted jug. Fig. 4

A 26. Sgraffito bowl with painting. Fig. 5

A 27. Sgraffito bowl with painting. Figs. 5, 32

A 28. Small sgraffito bowl with painting. Fig. 6

Fig. 7. Sgraffito Bowls from Group A, Period II

A 29. Fragments of sgraffito plate with painting. Fig. 6

A 30. Fragment of sgraffito bowl. Fig. 6

A 31. Sgraffito bowl. Figs. 7, 32

A 32. Fragfmentof sgraffito plate. Fig. 8

Fig. 8. Sgrafflto Fragments from Group A, Period II

A 33. Fragment of sgraffito plate. Figs. 8, 33

A 34. Sgraffito bowl. Fig. 8

A 35. Fragment of sgraffito bowl. Fig. 8

A 36. Sgraffito bowl. Figs. 7, 32

A 37. Fragments of sgraffito bowl. Fig. 9

A 38. Fragment of sgraffito bowl. Fig. 9

A 39. Sgraffito bowl. Fig. 9

A 40. Sgraffito bowl. Fig. 9

A 41. Sgraffito bowl. Fig. 7

A 42. Sgraffito bowl. Fig. 9