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Gender and Sexuality As A Subject of Inquiry

This document discusses gender and sexuality studies as a field of inquiry. It defines gender studies as a field concerned with how societies interpret and negotiate reproductive roles through gender. The document outlines the historical origins of gender studies in the 1970s as a way to challenge male-centered knowledge. It discusses approaches to research including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. The document emphasizes the importance of ethics in research to protect participants and ensure confidentiality, non-maleficence, beneficence, and distributive justice.

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Alfaiz Dimaampao
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
73 views

Gender and Sexuality As A Subject of Inquiry

This document discusses gender and sexuality studies as a field of inquiry. It defines gender studies as a field concerned with how societies interpret and negotiate reproductive roles through gender. The document outlines the historical origins of gender studies in the 1970s as a way to challenge male-centered knowledge. It discusses approaches to research including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. The document emphasizes the importance of ethics in research to protect participants and ensure confidentiality, non-maleficence, beneficence, and distributive justice.

Uploaded by

Alfaiz Dimaampao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENDER AND

SEXUALITY AS A
SUBJECT OF INQUIRY
Lesson Objectives:
When you finish this chapter, you should be able to:
o Define gender studies
o Discuss its historical origins; and
o Explain its importance in society
Definition of Terms

01 02
Gender Studies Social Research
A field of study concerned The process of investigating
about how reproductive roles social realities
are interpreted and negotiated
in the society through gender.

03 04
Research Approach Ethics in Research
The orientation in These are considerations in
understanding social realities. conducting research to make sure
This can be qualitative that the well-being of the participants
(interpretive), quantitative are ensured, and the outcome of the
(deductive), or both study is sound without undue harm to
people involved.
GENDER
As an area of knowledge, is
about looking into, analysing,
and examining society so that

STUDIES
we notice power relations in
the seemingly “simple things”. It
helps us see the issues in our
everyday lives through a
different lens.
Gender is a big part of our of our individuality and society; it is a
form of social organization, and is often unnoticed. In different
cultures and different times in our history, gender roles played a
big part of social organization.

Gender studies emerged from the need to analyse how gender,


sex, and sexuality impact our lives, especially how it creates
gender inequality. It came about in the mid 1970s after the second
wave of feminism as a way to challenge the male-defined and male
centered-knowledge.
Are “sets of culturally defined
GENDER
ROLES OR
behaviors such as masculinity
and femininity” according to
the Encyclopedia of Sex and

SEX ROLES
Gender. These roles are not
fixed such that the culturally
defined behaviors for men and
women may be different 50
years ago or very different for
people from other countries or
tribe.
In a binary system of viewing gender roles, we only see the male
and the female where men are expected to be masculine while
women are expected to be feminine. This is the norm or the
accepted standards of how to behave like a woman (mahinhin) or
how to behave like a man (matipuno/ matapang). In gender
studies, we are asked to disrupt and question these kinds of social
expectations, gender roles, and gender norms.
GENDER
STUDIES
is not just for women or all about
women, it is about everyone. It
explores how our gender roles have
changed throughout our history
and how it created inequalities.
One hundred years ago, women were not allowed to study at
universities since their role was only restricted to domestic or the
household. This repressed women's potential in shaping the social and
political landscape in the past, but it also placed the burden on the
men to provide for the whole family.

Our society has changed so much since then; the jobs available for
everyone is not so much dependent on physical strength, making these
jobs accessible to women as well. Most mothers also have a job now, so
they also provide for the family. Gender studies would ask us to
question, is it still right to say that the men are the providers of the
family when both mothers and fathers now work and earn money.
Gender roles are socially constructed
and are not something that we are
"born with”. Society, through a lifelong
process of normalization, encourages
or reprimands behaviors to make a
child adapt to these social
expectations.
A young boy is always encouraged to be brave, to play rough, to be
loud, and to not show signs of weakness such as crying. A young girl is
discouraged from playing rough and being loud, instead they are told
to be gentle and soft. If a child does not follow these gender roles, they
are reprimanded by parents, relatives, friends, or anybody that they
interact with. That is how gender norm is forced upon an individual, a
lifelong process of normalization.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual,
and transgender people Gender studies lets us
often do not fit in the analyze the creation and
traditional binary gender maintenance of these
roles so they are often gender norms so that it
reprimanded, bullied, and does not create
discriminated. They are inequalities in our social,
often subjected to political, and economic
violence and hate just spheres.
because they do not fit in
what society calls "normal.
GENDER
STUDIES AND
As a subject of inquiry, Gender Studies
utilizes a systematic approach in

RESEARCH
identifying problems, making
hypotheses and assumptions,
gathering data, and making
conclusions. This systematic process is
referred to as the research process.
APPROACHES IN RESEARCH

Since Gender and Sexuality cuts across a variety of issues that


could be biomedical, psychosocial, or political-legal, there is no
singular way in conducting the research process. There are
however a variety of approaches which can be used.
focuses more on the meanings
created and interpretations
made by people about their
own personal or vicarious
(observed) experiences. For
example, if you want to know
how women, men, or LGBTQ+
live their lives on a daily basis
and how they make sense of
their lived experiences, then
the qualitative approach is
fitting.
Phenomenology
conducting intensive
interviews with individuals
who have experienced a Ethnography
particular event and and
understanding their "lived
Ethnomology
experience";

immersing in a
Hermeneutics community and taking
note of their
understanding the experiences, beliefs,
meaning of texts (literary attitudes, and
works, art works) practices.
on the other hand, focuses more on
characterizing a population (total number of
individual in a group) or a sample (a sub-
group within the population), and in some
cases, making generalizations about the
population based on the behavior of a
sample.

For instance, if you want to know how many


Filipino adolescents are engaged in a
romantic relationship or how many of them
still believe in marriage, then a quantitative
approach is appropriate.
Some of the methods used in the quantitative approach
are as follows:
 Survey - collecting information from a sample; and

 Experiment - creating actual set-ups to observe


behavior of people in an experimental group (a
group receiving treatment such as training or a
new experience) and comparing it to the behavior
of people in a control group (a group without any
treatment).
In most cases, information from both qualitative
and quantitative approaches provide a holistic
view about certain social realities, such that
there are researchers who prefer to use mixed
methods (combining qualitative and quantitative
methods to derive data from multiple sources).
Ethics in Gender and Sexuality Research
There are some principles to remember in conducting
gender and sexuality researches. These principles are
referred to as ethical principles because they make sure
that people involved in the research are protected from
harm. Ethics is a prerequisite to a properly conducted
study.
Principles to Remember:
o Informed Consent - Researchers should make sure that the
participants in the study are aware of the purpose and
processes of the study they are participating in. They should
also ensure that only those participants who agree (in writing)
will be included, and that they shall not force any participant to
join.
o Confidentiality and Anonymity - Researchers should not
reveal any information provided by the participants, much so,
their identity to anyone who are not concerned with the study.
All data gathered from survey should also be placed in a
secure location or filing system.
Principles to Remember:
o Non-maleficence and Beneficence – A study should do no
harm (non-maleficence) to anyone. Especially in researches
involving humans, a study should be beneficial (beneficence)
for it to be worth implementing.

o Distributive Justice - Any study should not disadvantage a


particular group especially the marginalized and the
oppressed (e.g., poor people, women, LGBTQ+, and the
elderly). The benefits of a study should be for all.
GENDER, SEXUALITY, AND ECOLOGY
Human Ecology, as a field. recognizes the interplay among
internal and external environments-physical, socio-economic,
and cultural. Hence, to look at realities from an ecological
perspective is to appreciate that human development across
lifespan is influenced by these environments. In the context of
gender and sexuality, a human ecological approach looks at
human sexual lives and experiences at various levels and
spheres of analysis.

First, it sees gender and sexuality as an organismic and


personal experience.

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