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    Basic Aerodynamics

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    Sagar LEMONIAC
    Aerodynamics is the study of how gases like air interact with moving objects. It focuses on drag and lift forces caused by air flowing over surfaces. There are two types of aerodynamic flow: inviscid (without friction) and viscous (with friction). Flow can also be compressible, where force changes the fluid's density, or incompressible, where density does not change. Fundamental principles of mass conservation, Newton's second law, and energy conservation apply. Several questions are then presented involving calculating velocities and pressures in aerodynamic flows.

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    Basic Aerodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Sagar LEMONIAC
    201 views43 pages
    Aerodynamics is the study of how gases like air interact with moving objects. It focuses on drag and lift forces caused by air flowing over surfaces. There are two types of aerodynamic flow: inviscid (without friction) and viscous (with friction). Flow can also be compressible, where force changes the fluid's density, or incompressible, where density does not change. Fundamental principles of mass conservation, Newton's second law, and energy conservation apply. Several questions are then presented involving calculating velocities and pressures in aerodynamic flows.

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    Aerodynamics

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    Aerodynamics is the study of how gases like air interact with moving objects. It focuses on drag and lift forces caused by air flowing over surfaces. There are two types of aerodynamic flow: inviscid (without friction) and viscous (with friction). Flow can also be compressible, where force changes the fluid's density, or incompressible, where density does not change. Fundamental principles of mass conservation, Newton's second law, and energy conservation apply. Several questions are then presented involving calculating velocities and pressures in aerodynamic flows.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    201 views43 pages

    Basic Aerodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Sagar LEMONIAC
    Aerodynamics is the study of how gases like air interact with moving objects. It focuses on drag and lift forces caused by air flowing over surfaces. There are two types of aerodynamic flow: inviscid (without friction) and viscous (with friction). Flow can also be compressible, where force changes the fluid's density, or incompressible, where density does not change. Fundamental principles of mass conservation, Newton's second law, and energy conservation apply. Several questions are then presented involving calculating velocities and pressures in aerodynamic flows.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 43

    Basic Aerodynamics

    Aerodynamics:

    Aerodynamics is the study of how gases interact with moving bodies.


    Because the gas that we encounter most is air, aerodynamics is primarily
    concerned with the forces of drag and lift, which are caused by air passing
    over and around solid bodies
    Two basic types of Aerodynamic Flows are

    1. Inviscid flows (Flow without friction)

    2. Viscous flow (flow with friction)


    1. Compressible and incompressible flows:

    Force applied to a compressible fluid changes the density of

    a fluid whereas a force applied to an incompressible fluid does not

    change the density.


    Fundamental physical principles from physics

    1. Mass is conserved.

    2. Newton's second law (force= mass x acceleration) holds.

    3. Energy is conserved.
    Q1. Consider an airfoil (the cross section of a wing) in a flow of air,
    where far ahead (upstream) of the airfoil, the pressure, velocity, and
    density are 1.013 bar, 160kmph, and 1.23kg/m3, respectively. At a given
    point A on the airfoil, the pressure is 0.99 bar. What is the velocity at
    point A?
    Q3. Consider a long dowel with a semicircular cross section. The dowel is immersed in a flow of air,

    with its axis perpendicular to the flow, as shown in figure. The rounded section of the dowel is facing

    into the flow, The radius of the semicircular cross section is R = 0.1524 m. The velocity of the flow

    far ahead of the dowel (called the free stream) is V = 30.48 m/s. Assume inviscid flow. The velocity

    of the flow along the surface of the rounded front face of the dowel is a function of location on the

    surface; location is denoted by angle. Hence, along the front rounded surface, V = V( Ɵ). This

    variation is given by

    The pressure distribution exerted over the surface of the cross section p varies with location along the

    surface, p= p( Ɵ), on the front face. On the fiat back face, the pressure, denoted by pB , is constant.

    The back face pressure is given by

    The free-stream density is given as 1.23 kg/m3. Calculate the aerodynamic force exerted by the

    surface pressure distribution on a 1m segment of the dowel.


    Q4. Consider an airplane flying with a velocity of 60 m/s at a standard
    altitude of 3 km. At a point on the wing, the airflow velocity is 70 m/s.
    Calculate the pressure at this point. Assume incompressible flow.
    Q5. Consider the flow of air through a convergent-divergent duct, such
    as the venture tube. The inlet, throat, and exit areas are 3, 1.5, and 2m2,
    respectively. The inlet and exit pressures are 1.02 x 105 and 1.00 x 105
    N/m2, respectively. Calculate the flow velocity at the throat and inlet.
    Assume incompressible flow with standard sea-level density.
    Q2. An airplane is flying at a velocity of 209.214 kmph at a standard
    altitude of 1524 m. At a point on the wing, the pressure is 0.8379 bar.
    Calculate the velocity at that point, assuming incompressible flow.
    Q3. Imagine that you have designed a low-speed airplane with a
    maximum velocity at sea level of 90 mls. For your airspeed instrument,
    you plan to use a venturi tube with a 1.3 : 1 area ratio. Inside the cockpit
    is an airspeed indicator dial that is connected to a pressure gauge
    sensing the venturi tube pressure difference (P1 - P2) and properly
    calibrated in terms of velocity. What is the maximum pressure
    difference you would expect the gauge to experience?
    Compressible Flow

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