General

Mathematics Quarter 1
– Module 26:
Domain and Range of Logarithmic
Functions

General Mathematics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 26: Domain and Range of a Logarithmic
Functions First Edition, 2020

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 General
Mathematics Quarter 1
– Module 26:
Domain and Range of Logarithmic
Functions

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Mathematics Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Domain and Range of Logarithmic Functions!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet
the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social
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will help you in guiding the learners.

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also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the General Mathematics Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Domain and Range of Logarithmic Functions!

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3
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This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know What I What I Have Learned What I Can

Know

Do Assessment Additional
Activities

What’s In What’s New

Answer Key
competencies you are expected to learn in the
What is It What’s More module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the lesson
to take. If you get all the answers correct
(100%), you may decide to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link This includes questions or blank
the current lesson with the previous one. sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
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to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module. This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

4
At the end of this module you will also find:

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answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the
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 5

What I Need to Know

This module was written for students to understand the concept of

domain and range logarithmic function. The topic to be discussed in this module
includes finding the domain and range of a logarithmic function algebraically. The
language used in this module is appropriate to the diverse communication and
language ability of the learners.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define domain and range;
2. understand the properties of logarithmic function; and
3. determine the domain and range of the logarithmic function.

What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on a
sheet of paper.

1. What is the inverse of the function �� = ����?

a. �� = �� c. �� = ��
b. �� = �� d. �� = ��

2. What is the domain of the logarithmic function ��(��) = �� ?

a. (0, ∞) c. (-∞,∞)
b. (0, -∞) d. (∞, -∞)

3. What is known as the possible values of the independent variable x?

a. domain c. outputs
b. inputs d. range

4. What is the range of the function ��(��) = �� where b < 1?

a. (0, ∞) c. (∞, -∞)
b. (-∞, 0) d. (-∞,∞)

5. What is the domain of the function ��(��) = (3�� − 6) ?

a. (2, ∞) c. (-∞, 2)
b. (-2, ∞) d. (-∞, 2)

6. The range of the function are the corresponding values of the independent
variable y which are often called ___________.

1
a. domain c. outputs b. inputs d. range

7. What is a set of all y values?

a. domain c. outputs b. inputs d. range
 8. What is the domain of the function ��(��) =
(�� − 1) ? a. (-1, ∞) c. (-∞,1) b. (1, ∞) d. (-∞. -1)

9. What is a set of all x values?

a. domain c. outputs b. inputs d. range

10. What is the domain of the function ��(��)

=������ ������ (5 − 3��) ? a. (-∞, 3
5) c. (-∞,
5
3) b. (-∞, 5) d. (-∞, 3)

11.What is the inverse of the logarithmic function? a.

exponential c. polynomial b. linear d. quadratic

12. What is the range of the function ��(��) =

(�� − 2) ? a. (0, ∞) c. (∞, -∞) b. (-∞, 0) d. (-∞,∞)

13.Which of the following is NOT an exponential

function? a. �� = 1�� c. �� = 3�� b. �� = 2�� d. ��
= 4��

14. What is the inverse of �� = �� ?

a. �� = ��2 c. 2�� = �� b. �� = 2�� d.
�� = ��2

15.What is the domain of the function �� = (�� −

5) + 2 ? a. (-5, ∞) c. (2, ∞) b. (5, ∞) d. (-2, ∞)

2
Lesson

1 Domain and Range of

Logarithmic
Functions
The domain of a function is the set of possible values of the independent variable. The
range is the set of the resulting values that the dependent variable can have as x varies
throughout the domain. This module focuses on the domain and range of a logarithmic
function.
 What’s In
To fully understand this topic, let us recall some concepts from the previous
lessons on exponential function and its relationship with its inverse function, the
logarithmic function. So that it will be easier for you to grasp the next lesson.
Let us start with the definition of an exponential function which is a function of
the form

��(��) = ����, where b > 0 and b ≠ 1.

Examples are as follows: f(x) = 3X, ��(��) = (12)��, g(x) =2-X, and �� =
(15)−2��. Its domain is a set of real numbers while its range is a set of all positive real
numbers. Let us also recall that if a function is a one-to-one function, then an inverse
function exists denoted by f-1 having the following properties:
● f-1 is a one-to-one function
● domain of f-1 is the range of f
● range of f-1 is the domain of f
If the position of x and y in y = b x are interchanged and then y is solved for the
resulting equation, the rule of correspondence of the inverse of the exponential
function is obtained. This rule is denoted by the symbol:

�� = ��

Since the exponential function is one-to-one, its inverse must also be a function.
Just like in the exponential function, where b > 0, and b ≠ 1.

Let us also recall lessons regarding domain and range of a function by

answering the following:
a. ��(��) = 2�� + 5
3
b. ��(��) = √�� − 3
c. ��(��) =��+3
��−2

Solution:
a. ��(��) = 2��
+5

Since the linear

function - 2x+5 is a
polynomial function,
and based on its
graph, its domain is
{x|x is a real number}
and generally its
range is {y|y is a real
number}.
 b. ��(��) = √�� − 3

Solving for the

domain and
range:

x-3 ≥ 0
x≥3

therefore, the
domain is {x|
x≥3} and the
range is {y|y≥0}
as you can see
from the graph.

Take note that

the number under a square
root sign must be positive,

3. ��(��) =��+3
��−2

In a rational function, the 4

denominator of a fraction
cannot be zero,
therefore, the
domain is {x|x≠2}.

What’s New

Let us help Mang Kulas to find his lost carabao by going through the maze. Find
the domain of the given logarithmic functions to get to the carabao.
 What
is It
5
In the previous activity, you need to help Mang Kulas to find his lost carabao by
going through the maze. In doing so, you need to answer by finding the domain of the
logarithmic functions given.

After you finish the activity, reflect to the following questions:

1. Do you find difficulty in finding the domain of a function?

2. How do you find the domain of the logarithmic function?
3. How can you define domain and range?

If you think that the activity is difficult, that is okay because after you read more about
domain and range of logarithmic function, you can go back to the activity and help
Mang Kulas to find his carabao. The discussion below will help you to understand
more the domain and range of the logarithmic function.

Domain and Range of Logarithmic Function

The domain of a function is the set of all possible values of the independent
variable x. The possible values of the independent variable x are often called inputs.
The range of the function are the corresponding values of the dependent variable y. The
corresponding values of the dependent variable y are often called outputs.
In the case of a logarithmic function, its domain is defined as a set of all positive
real numbers while its range is a set of real numbers.
, where b>1 , where b<1

Domain: (0, ∞) Range: (-∞, ∞) Domain: (0, ∞) Range: (-∞, ∞)

Transformation of the parent function ��(��) = �� either by shift, stretch,

compression, or reflection changes the domain of the parent function. When finding the
domain of a logarithmic function, therefore, it is important to remember that the
domain consists only of positive real numbers. That is, the argument of the logarithmic
function must be greater than zero.

Example 1. Find the domain and range of

6
Solution

2x – 4 > 0 set up an inequality showing an argument greater than zero

2x > 4 solve for x
or 2
Domain: (2, ∞) write the domain in interval notation
Range: (-∞, ∞)

Graph

From the graph of the function , it can be seen that

the curve is asymptotic at x = 2. Therefore the
domain and range are as follows:

Domain: (2, ∞)
Range: (-∞, ∞)

Example 2. Find the domain and range of .

Solution:

x–3 > 0
x-3+3 > 0+3 x > 3

Domain: (3, ∞) Range: (-∞, ∞)

Graph:

7
Example 3. Find the domain and range of .

Solution:

3-2x > 0
-3+3-2x > 0-3
-2x > -3

Domain: (-∞, )
Range: (-∞, ∞)

Graph

What’s More

Activity 1.1
Directions: Arrange the small triangles to fit into the larger triangle accordingly.
Make sure that the given function corresponds to its right domain.
Write the number of your answer inside the triangle to form a larger
triangle
 Activity 1.2
MATCH IT: Match column A with column B by drawing a line to connect.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. �� = (�� − 3) �� = ∞,∞) Domain: (3,∞), Range: (1,∞), Range: (-∞,∞)
�� = (�� − 1) (�� + 5) − 3 (-∞, ∞) Domain: (-5,∞), Domain: (0,∞), Range: (-
�� = �� − 1 a. b. c. d. e. Range: (-∞, ∞) Domain: ∞,∞)
�� = (�� + 2) − 5 Domain: (-2,∞), Range: (-

8
Activity 1.3
Determine the domain and range of the following:
1. ��(��) = (3 − 2��)
2. ��(��) =������ ������ (��) − 5
3. ��(��) = (�� + 2) + 4
4. ��(��) = (�� + 1) − 2
5. ��(��) = (4 − 7��)

What I Have Learned

1. The __________ of a function is the set of all possible values of the

independent variable ____. These possible values are often known as
_________.
2. The ________ of a function is the set of all possible values of the
dependent variable ____. These possible values are often known as
________.
3. The ________________ ��(��) = �� is the inverse of
_____________________ ��(��) = ����.
4. The domain of the function ��(��) = �� is ________ while its range
is ________.

What I Can Do

Answer the problem given below.

Loudness is measured in decibels. The formula for the loudness of a sound is

given by "dB = 10 ������������ ��
��0" where I0 is the intensity of "threshold sound", or sound that
can barely be perceived. Other sounds are defined in terms of how many times more
intense they are than threshold sound. For instance, a cat's purr is about 316 times as
intense as threshold sound, for a decibel rating of:
dB = 10 ������������ ��
��0
������������ (316 ��
= 10 0)
��0
= 10log[ 316 ]
= 24.9968708262...,...or 25 decibels.
Considering that prolonged exposure to sounds above 85 decibels can cause
hearing damage or loss, and considering that a gunshot from a .22 rimfire rifle has an
 9
intensity of about I = (2.5 ×1013)I0, should you follow the rules and wear ear protection
when relaxing at the rifle range?
Rubrics for rating this activity
20 The problem is correctly answered applying the concept and
properties of logarithmic functions. The model is used
appropriately.

15 The problem is correctly answered applying the concept and

properties of logarithmic function. The model is used with some
misrepresentation.

10 The problem is partially answered by applying a different solution.

The model is not used at all.

5 The problem is not correctly answered applying the concept and

properties of logarithmic functions. The model is not used at all.

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer
in your notebook.
1. Range is a set of all ______ values.
a. w c. y
b. x d. z

2. What is the range of the exponential function �� = ����?

a. (0, ∞) c. (-∞,∞)
b. (-∞, 0) d. (∞, -∞)

3. What is the domain of the function ��(��) = (3�� − 2) ?

a. (32, ∞) c. (−∞,23)
b. (−∞,32) d. (23, ∞)

4. What is known as the possible values of the independent variable x?

a. domain c. outputs
b. inputs d. range

5. What is the inverse of the function ��(��) = �� ?

a. �� = ���� c. �� = ����
b. �� = ���� d. �� = ����

6. What is a set of all x values?

a. domain c. outputs
b. inputs d. range

7. What is the domain of the function ��(��) =������ ������ (7 −

4��) ?

10
4 7
a. (−∞, 7) c. ( 4, ∞)
 b. (47, ∞) d. (−∞,74)
8. Outputs are the possible values of the ___________ variable y.
a. constant c. independent
b. dependent d. real

9. What is the domain of the function ��(��) = (�� + 1) ?

a. (-∞, 1) c. (-1, ∞)
b. (-∞, -1) d. (1, ∞)

10. What is the range of the function ��(��) = �� ?

a. (-∞,∞) c. (0, ∞)
b. (-∞, 0) d. (1, ∞)

11. What is the inverse of an exponential function?

a. linear c. polynomial
b. logarithmic d. quadratic

12. What is the range of the function ��(��) = (�� + 2) ?

a. (-∞, 2) c. (2, ∞)
b. (-∞, -2) d. (-2, ∞)
13. Which of the following is the correct logarithmic form of 1614 =18?
a.18=34 c. 16 =34
b. 34=18d. 16 =18

14.Which of the following is an exponential function?

a. �� = 2��4 c. �� = 4��
b. �� = ��4 d. �� = ��−4

15. What is the domain of the function ��(��) = (�� + 6) − 2 ?

a. (-∞, 6) c. (6, ∞)
b. (-∞, -6) d. (-6, ∞)

Additional Activities

Graph the following logarithmic functions using an online

graphing calculator then find its domain and range.

1. �� = (�� − 2) 5. �� = (�� + 1) 9. �� = �� + 2

2. �� = (�� + 3) 6. �� = �� − 2 10. �� = �� + 1

3. �� = (�� − 1) 7. �� = �� + 3

11
4. �� = (�� + 2) 8. �� =
Answer Key

�� − 1
 5. C
4. B
3. A
2. E
1. D

Activity 1.2

Activity 1.1 What's More

d
c References
a
d
b
a b
c c
b a
d d
a a
c c
b a
d b
a d
c c
a
Assessment
5. D= R= 4. D= R= 3. d
D= R= 2. D= R= 1.D= b
R= a
Activity 1.2 c
What I Know

Anthony Zeus Caringal, Dynamic of Mathematics

(Advanced Algebra with Trigonometry and
INreoduction to Statistics), Bright House
Publishing, 2009, 17 and 238.

Catalino D. Mijares, College Algebra Revised Edition, National Bookstore, Inc., 1978,
1979, 1984, 285

Mini Rose C. Lapinid, Olivia N. Buzon and Gladys C. Nivera, Advanced Algebra,
Trigonometry and Statistics: Patterns and Practicalities. Makati City: Salesiana
Books by Don Bosco Press, 2007, 181

Lumen Learning by Pressbook: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech

collegealgebra/chapter/identify-the-domain-of-a-logarithmic-function/

Philippine Statistics Authority: https://psa.gov.ph/population-and-housing

 12
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