Production of Germ Cell Spermatozoa From The Testis During Coitus Production of Male Sex Hormone Testosterone From The Testis

Reproductive system
Male Reproductive system
Study: Urology
Physician: Urologist.
Function:
 Production of germ cell spermatozoa from the testis during coitus
 Production of male sex hormone testosterone from the testis
Primary male sex organs: Testis, scrotum, penis
Secondary male sex organs: Epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland
Conditions:
 Orchitis: Inflammation of testis

 Hydrocele: Pathological accumulation of serous fluid around the testis which causes the swelling of the scrotum
 Erectile dysfunction: Inability to achieve erection during coitus
 Balanitis: Inflammation of glans penis
 Impotence: Inability to perform sexual act.
 Spermatocele: Accumulation of excessive sperm in testis
 Testicular torsion: Twisting of spermatic cord
 Epispadia: Congenital opening of urethra on upper surface of penis.
 Hypospadia: Congenital opening of urethra on lower surface of penis
 Paraspadia: Congenital opening of urethra on sides of penis
 Phimosis: Congenital narrowing of the opening of the foreskin
 Infertility: Inability to reproduce after continuous coitus for one year
 Varicocele: Enlarged, twisted, dilated, swollen veins near the testis
 Circumcision: Removal of entire or part of the prepuce or foreskin of the penis
Procedures:
 Vasectomy
 Orchiectomy
 Vasovasostomy
Female Reproductive system
Study: Gynaecology,
Physician: Gynaecologist
Obstetrics: Study concerned with pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period
Physician: Obstetrician
Functions:
 Production of germ cell ovum or egg from the ovary

 Production of female sex hormones - oestrogen and progesterone
Primary sex organs: Uterus, ovary, vagina
Secondary sex organs: Breast
Menstrual cycle: The rhythmical series of changes that occurs in a cycle of about 28days throughout the reproductive life of
women from puberty to menopause except during the times of pregnancy. Menstrual cycle consists of four phases.
 Menstrual phase - 1 to 5 days

Uterus sheds its lining through vagina
 Follicular phase - 6 to 12 days
Oestrogen level increases and endometrium gets thicker, maturation of ovarian follicles.
 Ovulation phase - 13 to 16 days
Maturation and release of ovum (ovulation) from the ovary.
 Luteal phase or premenstrual phase - 17 to 28 days
Progesterone & oestrogen level decreases, destruction of corpus luteum and endometrium lining sheds out.
Pregnancy period:
 1st trimester - 1 to 13 weeks
 2nd trimester - 14 to 27 weeks
 3rd trimester - 28 to 40 weeks ( till birth)
Pregnancy is otherwise known as Gestation or Gravida.
Total number of gestational days - 280 days (40 weeks). It varies from 38 to 42 weeks.
Baby born before 37 weeks is known as preterm delivery.

Terminologies:
 Nulligravida: No pregnancy ( women who has never been pregnant)

 Primigravida: First time pregnancy
 Secondogravida: Second time pregnancy
 Multigravida: More than two pregnancy
 Nullipara: No visible offsprings ( women who has never given birth to a viable child)
 Elderly primi gravida: First time pregnant after 35 years
Delivery:
 Caesarean section
 Abdominal incision
 Uterine Incision
 Normal
 Uterine contraction
 Cervix dilatation and fetus expelled out from the vagina ( birth canal)
 Placenta expelled out
Postpartum period: It is the period beginning immediately after the birth of a child and extending for about six weeks. It is also
called puerperium or puerperal or postnatal period.
Conditions:
 Amennorrhea: Absence of menstrual cycle

 Vaginitis - Inflammation of vagina
 Cystitis - Inflammation of cyst ( bladder)
 Salphingitis - Inflammation of fallopian tube
 Oophoritis - Inflammation of ovary
 Menopause - Absence of menses due to deficiency of oestrogen after 40yrs
 Ectopic pregnancy - Zygote formation other than uterus
 Hyperemesis gravida - Nausea / vomiting during 1st trimester of pregnancy
 Gestational diabetes - Increased blood sugar level during pregnancy
 Eclampsia – Seizure or convulsion in a pregnant woman results from hypertension during pregnancy
Diagnosis:
 Urine test ( HCG)

 Blood test
 Ultra sound
 Aminocentesis
Procedures:
 Tubectomy
 Oopherectomy
 Salphingoopherectomy
 Hysterectomy.
 MTP - medical termination of pregnancy (induced abortion)
 Other contraceptive methods - Condoms, IUD - copper T, etc.

Production of Germ Cell Spermatozoa From The Testis During Coitus Production of Male Sex Hormone Testosterone From The Testis

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Production of Germ Cell Spermatozoa From The Testis During Coitus Production of Male Sex Hormone Testosterone From The Testis

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Reproductive system

Male Reproductive system

 Production of germ cell spermatozoa from the testis during coitus

 Production of male sex hormone testosterone from the testis

Primary male sex organs: Testis, scrotum, penis

Secondary male sex organs: Epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland

 Orchitis: Inflammation of testis

 Production of germ cell ovum or egg from the ovary

Primary sex organs: Uterus, ovary, vagina

Secondary sex organs: Breast

 Menstrual phase - 1 to 5 days

Pregnancy is otherwise known as Gestation or Gravida.

Baby born before 37 weeks is known as preterm delivery.

 Nulligravida: No pregnancy ( women who has never been pregnant)

 Amennorrhea: Absence of menstrual cycle

 Urine test ( HCG)

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