Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 26 views

    Female Genital Mutilation: Definition Prevalence Classification Complications (Short Term & Long Term)

    Uploaded by

    tare
    Female genital mutilation involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It is classified into four types based on the amount of tissue removed and can cause both short-term and long-term health complications. An estimated 133 million girls and women have undergone FGM, which is concentrated in 29 countries in Africa and parts of the Middle East and Asia. While FGM is rooted in cultural traditions and social norms, it has no health benefits and can result in infections, bleeding, childbirth complications, infertility and psychological trauma.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Female Genital Mutilation: Definition Prevalence Classification Complications (Short Term & Long Term)

    Uploaded by

    tare
    26 views13 pages
    Female genital mutilation involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It is classified into four types based on the amount of tissue removed and can cause both short-term and long-term health complications. An estimated 133 million girls and women have undergone FGM, which is concentrated in 29 countries in Africa and parts of the Middle East and Asia. While FGM is rooted in cultural traditions and social norms, it has no health benefits and can result in infections, bleeding, childbirth complications, infertility and psychological trauma.

    Original Title

    FGM

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Female genital mutilation involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It is classified into four types based on the amount of tissue removed and can cause both short-term and long-term health complications. An estimated 133 million girls and women have undergone FGM, which is concentrated in 29 countries in Africa and parts of the Middle East and Asia. While FGM is rooted in cultural traditions and social norms, it has no health benefits and can result in infections, bleeding, childbirth complications, infertility and psychological trauma.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views13 pages

    Female Genital Mutilation: Definition Prevalence Classification Complications (Short Term & Long Term)

    Uploaded by

    tare
    Female genital mutilation involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It is classified into four types based on the amount of tissue removed and can cause both short-term and long-term health complications. An estimated 133 million girls and women have undergone FGM, which is concentrated in 29 countries in Africa and parts of the Middle East and Asia. While FGM is rooted in cultural traditions and social norms, it has no health benefits and can result in infections, bleeding, childbirth complications, infertility and psychological trauma.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Female genital mutilation

    • FGM-
    Definition
    Prevalence
     Classification
    Complications( short term & long term)

    Presenter- Dr YESIGAT A. @ WKU---Nov-26/2012 E.c


    Female genital mutilation

    • Also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision


    • Is the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genitalia.
    • All procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia
    or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or other non-
    therapeutic reasons.
    • Typically carried out by a traditional circumciser using a blade or razor (with or
    without anaesthesia).
    • The age at which it is conducted varies from days after birth to puberty; most girls
    are cut before the age of five years.
    • The procedures differ according to the ethnic group.
    • They include removal of the clitoral hood and clitoral glans, removal of the inner
    labia and, in the most severe form (known as infibulation), removal of the inner
    and outer labia and closure of the vulva.
    • In infibulation, a small hole is left for the passage of urine and menstrual fluid,
    and the vagina is opened for intercourse and opened further for childbirth.
    • There are no known health benefits.
    • The practice is rooted in gender inequality, attempts to control women's
    sexuality, and ideas about purity, modesty and aesthetics.
    • It is usually initiated and carried out by women, who see it as a source of honour,
    and who fear that failing to have their daughters and granddaughters cut will
    expose the girls to social exclusion.
    Prevalence

    • FGM is mostly found in what we call "intriguingly contiguous" zone in Africa.


    East to west from Somalia to Senegal, and
    North to south from Egypt to Tanzania.
    • As of 2014, 133 million women and girls were thought to be living with FGM in
    the 29 countries in which it is concentrated.
    • Egypt, Ethiopia and Nigeria had the highest number of women and girls living
    with FGM as of 2013: 27.2 million, 23.8 million and 19.9 million respectively.
    • Egypt outlawed FGM in 2007, Ethiopia in 2004 and Nigeria in 2015.
    • In 2014 prevalence rates for women in sub-Saharan Africa were 39
    percent and for girls aged 0–14, 17 percent.
    • For Eastern and Southern Africa the figures were 44 and 14 percent,
    and for West and Central Africa 31 and 17 percent.

    • FGM is more common in rural areas


    Classification

    • Based on how much tissue is removed, FGM is classified into four


    categories as follows.
    • Type I
     Ia- removal of the clitoral hood (rarely performed alone).
     Ib (clitoridectomy)- the complete or partial removal of the clitoral glans
    and clitoral hood.
    • Type II (excision)- is the complete or partial removal of the inner labia, with or
    without removal of the clitoral glans and outer labia.
     IIa -is removal of the inner labia;
     IIb- removal of the clitoral glans and inner labia; and
     IIc- removal of the clitoral glans, inner and outer labia.
    • Type III (infibulation or pharaonic circumcision) - the "sewn closed" category, involves
    the removal of the external genitalia and fusion of the wound. The inner and/or outer labia are
    cut away, with or without removal of the clitoral glans.
     Type IIIa- is the removal and closure of the inner labia and
     Type IIIb - the removal and closure of outer labia.
    • Type IV - all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical
    purposes.
     including pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization.
     It also includes nicking of the clitoris (symbolic circumcision), burning or
    scarring the genitals, and introducing substances into the vagina to
    tighten it.
    Complications

    • FGM harms women's physical and emotional health throughout their


    lives.
    • It has no known health benefits.
    • The short-term and late complications depend on
     the type of FGM, whether the practitioner had medical training, and
    whether she used antibiotics and unsterilized or surgical single-use
    instruments.
    Short-term complications

    • Swelling, excessive bleeding/Anemia, pain, urine retention and


    healing problems/wound infection.
    • Urinary tract infection, septicaemia, tetanus, gangrene, necrotizing
    fasciitis (flesh-eating disease) and endometritis.
    • Aid the transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV
    Late complications

    • Formation of scars and keloids that lead to strictures and obstruction.


    • Epidermoid cysts that may become infected.
    • Neuroma formation (growth of nerve tissue) involving nerves that supplied the
    clitoris.
    • Vesicovaginal or rectovaginal fistulae can develop (holes that allow urine or
    faeces to seep into the vagina).
    • Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) and infertility.
    • Painful periods are common because of the obstruction to the menstrual flow,
    and blood can stagnate in the vagina and uterus.
    • Complete obstruction of the vagina can result in hematocolpos and
    hematometra (where the vagina and uterus fill with menstrual blood).
    • During pregnancy and child birth:
    Difficulty to obtain clear urine sample
    Prolonged or obstructed labor
    Perineal tears

    Psychologically-anxiety, depression, PTSD.


    The End !!

    ! !!
    KS
    AN
    TH

    You might also like