Baking Bread: The Complete Guide To

THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO
Baking Bread
WITH ZOË FRANÇOIS, MICHAEL KALANTY,
AND RICHARD MISCOVICH
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CLASS 1
The Art and Science of Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
MICHAEL KALANTY
CLASS 2
Artisan Bread in Minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ZOË FRANÇOIS
CLASS 3
Secrets to Whole Grain Bread Baking . . . . . . . . . 39
MICHAEL KALANTY
CLASS 4
Handmade Sourdough:
From Starter to Baked Loaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
RICHARD MISCOVICH
1
CLASS 1
The Art and Science of Bread
with Michael Kalanty
Michael Kalanty has more than 20 years of baking

and cooking experience. He is the author of How
to Bake Bread: The Five Families of Bread and
teaches at the International Culinary School at the
Art Institute of California-San Francisco. Michael
is also the director of education for the California
Culinary Academy.
2
Formulas
BAGUETTE
FORMULA
INGREDIENT BP% OUNCES GRAMS
Water (90 F / 32.2 C) 63% 10 oz 285 g
Dry yeast 1.6% ¼ oz 7g
Flour (all-purpose) 100% 1 lb 450 g
Salt 2.2% 1/3 oz 10 g
Yield 1 lb 11 oz 760 g
PROCEDURE
Mise en Place H20 @ 90 F / 32.2 C ddt = 80 F (26.7 C)
Ingredient Mixing Direct

Speed No. 2, 4 m + Speed
Development
No. 1, 2 m
1h00 @ 80 F (26.7 C) (70%
Fermentation
hum) 1x de-gas and fold
Divide @ 12- to 13-oz. (340

to 369 g) pieces
Shaping Form as cylinders
Bench rest 30 m in refrigera-
tor
40 m @ 80 F (26.7 C) (60%
Proofing hum); 10 m outside the
proof box
Décor & Baking Slash 5 times with lame
3
References
CRUMB
1. Sweet / Dairy
2. Sour / Fruity
3. Sour / Dairy
CRUST
4. Roasted
5. Fruity
6. Resinous
7. Toasty
8. Sweet
GRAIN CHARACTER
9. Simple
10. Moderate
11. Complex
12. Over-Fermented
KEY
1. Milk, Butter, Diacetyl (Popcorn Butter)
2. Green Apple, Grapefruit, Lemon, Vinegar
3. Fresh Cheese, Buttermilk, Plain Yogurt, Aged Cheese
4. Baked Onions, Dark Beer, Baked Chestnut, Cheese Gratin
5. Fig, Raisin, Stewed Fruit
6. French Roast Coffee Beans, Vanilla Bean, Aged Balsamic Vinegar
7. Malty, Popped Grains, Nutty
8. Butterscotch, Toffee, Chocolate, Molasses
9. Raw Starch, Raw Green Beans, Pea Shoots, Straw, Dry Yeast
10. Cooked Spaghetti, Steamed Potatoes, Cooked Oatmeal,
Yeasty Champagne
11. Cooked Whole Grains, Cooked Dried Beans, Green Olive, Flint,
Slate, Mineral
12. Beer, Grapefruit Pith, “Turned” Red Wine, Sherry
Read the full story of the Bread Flavor Wheel at www.michaelkalanty.com
4
CLASS 2
Artisan Bread in Minutes
with Zoë François
Zoë François is a best-selling author, renowned

blogger and seasoned baking instructor. She is the
co-author of several bread cookbooks, including
“The NEW Artisan Bread in Five Minutes a Day”
and “Artisan Pizza and Flatbread in Five Minutes
a Day,” and a frequent contributor to the Cooking
Channel, Fine Cooking and Disney. She also runs
the successful blog Zoë Bakes.
5
Recipe Index
RECIPES
All recipes (except pizzas) adapted from The New Artisan Bread in Five Minutes
a Day by Jeff Hertzberg and Zoë François (St. Martin’s Press, 2013). Pizza
recipes adapted from Artisan Pizza and Flatbread in Five Minutes a Day by Jeff
Hertzberg and Zoë François (St. Martin’s Press, 2011).
No-Knead Artisan Master Recipe & Basic Boule . . . . . . . . . . 7

Olive Couronne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Cheese Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Slow-Cooker Herb Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Baguette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Mini Baguettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Bâtard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Pain d’Epi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Wreath Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Sandwich Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Cinnamon Apple Sandwich Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Pull-Apart Dinner Buns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Herbed Crescent Rolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Naan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Stuffed Naan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Pita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Margherita Pizza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
No-Cook Tomato Sauce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Apple Cracker Crust Pizza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Sicilian Pizza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Onion Focaccia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Braided Spinach-Feta Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Fruit-Filled Pinwheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Iced Cinnamon Buns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Sticky Pecan Caramel Rolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6
Recipes
NO-KNEAD ARTISAN MASTER

RECIPE & BASIC BOULE
YIELD: makes 4 loaves, slightly less than 1 pound (455 g) each
INGREDIENTS
l 3 cups (710 ml) warm water l 6 ½ cups (910 grams)
unbleached all-purpose flour
l 1½ tablespoons
granulated yeast l Flour, cornmeal or parchment
paper, for the peel
l 1½ tablespoons kosher salt
(can decrease to taste) l 1 cup (240 ml) hot water (for
steam in the oven)
PREPARATION
1. Put the water, yeast, salt and flour into a 5-quart (4.75 l) container
or stand mixer bowl. Use a Danish dough whisk, spoon or the stand
mixer fitted with the paddle attachment to mix until uniform and no
dry bits remain.
2. Cover (not airtight) and allow to rise at room temperature for about
2 hours.
3. The dough can be shaped and baked right away, or refrigerated in a
lidded container (not airtight) for up to 14 days. The dough is easier
to work with after 5 hours of refrigeration.
4. Prepare a pizza peel with flour, cornmeal or parchment paper.
Sprinkle the surface of the dough in the container with flour. Use
kitchen shears or a serrated knife to cut off a 1-pound/455 g
(grapefruit-size) piece of dough. Cover the remaining dough and
refrigerate for baking loaves within 14 days.
5. Sprinkling with more flour to prevent sticking, use your hands to
shape a smooth ball by gently stretching the surface of the dough
around from the top of the ball to the bottom on all four sides,
rotating the ball a quarter turn as you go. Shaping should take no
more than 20 to 40 seconds.
6. Place the dough on the prepared pizza peel and allow to rest for 60
minutes. You can cover the dough loosely with plastic wrap, but it
isn’t necessary. The loaf may not rise much during this time.
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7. At least 20 minutes before baking, set an inverted baking sheet or

baking stone near the center of oven and preheat the oven to 450 F
(230 C/gas 8). Set a metal broiler pan on a lower rack.
8. When the dough has rested for 60 minutes, dust the top liberally
with flour and then use a serrated knife to slash a ½-inch (12 mm)
deep cross or four parallel lines of the same depth.
9. Slide the loaf off the peel and onto the hot stone. Immediately pour
the hot water into the broiler pan and close the oven door.
10. Bake for about 30 minutes, or until the crust is richly browned and
firm to touch. Allow to cool completely on a rack before eating.
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OLIVE COURONNE
YIELD: makes 1 couronne
INGREDIENTS
l 1 pound/455 g (grapefruit- l ½ cup (85 grams) black California
size piece) Master Recipe olives, pitted and chopped
l Unbleached all-purpose l 1 cup (240 ml) hot water or
flour, for dusting ice cubes
PREPARATION
1. Using your hands, flatten the dough to a thickness of ½ inch (12mm)
on a floured work surface. Press the olives into the dough and roll
up to seal inside the dough. Dust with more flour and quickly knead
to distribute the olives.
2. Shape the dough into a ball by stretching the surface of the dough
around to the bottom, rotating the ball a quarter-turn as you go.
3. Place the dough ball into a floured bowl, cover loosely with plastic,
and let rest for about 15 minutes.
4. Poke your thumbs through the center of the ball and gradually
stretch the hole so that it’s nice and wide, large enough to stay open
while it rises in the oven. This means that the hole will need to be
about three times as wide as the wall of the ring.
5. Transfer the ring to a parchment-lined pizza peel and let rest for 20
minutes.
6. Preheat the oven to 450 F (230C/gas 8), with a baking stone placed
on the middle rack. Place an empty broiler tray on any other shelf
that won’t interfere with the rising bread.
7. Just before baking, dust the couronne with flour and slash radially
with a serrated knife, like spokes in a wheel.
8. Slide the loaf directly onto the hot stone. Immediately pour the hot
water or ice cubes into the broiler tray, and quickly close the oven
door. Bake for about 25 minutes, or until deeply browned and firm.
Smaller or larger loaves will require adjustments in baking time.
9. Allow the bread to cool on a wire rack before cutting or eating.
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CHEESE BREAD
YIELD: makes 1 loaf
INGREDIENTS
l 1 pound/455 g (grapefruit- l ¾ cup (120 g) coarsely grated
size piece) Master Recipe sharp Cheddar, plus a thin slice
l Unbleached all-purpose l 1 cup (240 ml) hot water or ice
flour, for dusting cubes (if not using a Dutch oven;
follow baking instructions as for
the Olive Couronne)
PREPARATION
on a floured work surface. Press the cheese into the dough and roll
up to seal inside the dough. Dust with more flour and quickly knead
to distribute the cheese.
3. Place the ball on a floured piece of parchment and let it rest, loosely
covered with plastic, for 1½ hours.
4. Preheat the oven to 450 F (230C/gas 8) with a baking stone placed
on the middle rack. Set a large lidded Dutch oven on the rack to
preheat; be sure your Dutch oven has a metal knob on top or one
that can withstand the heat of the oven without melting.
5. Just before baking, slash a cross into the loaf with a serrated knife
and lay the slice of cheese over the cross.
6. Use the parchment paper to lift the dough and set it into the hot
Dutch oven. Cover and return to the oven. Bake for about 25
minutes, or until browned and firm. Uncover and bake until deeply
browned, about 10 minutes more. Use a spatula to remove the
bread from the Dutch oven and transfer to a wire rack. Remove the
parchment and let cool completely.
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SLOW-COOKER HERB BREAD

YIELD: makes 1 loaf
INGREDIENTS
l 1 pound/455 g (grapefruit- l 2 teaspoons chopped fresh
size piece) Master Recipe rosemary or thyme
l Unbleached all-purpose
flour, for dusting
PREPARATION
on a floured work surface. Press the herbs into the dough and roll up
to seal inside the dough. Dust with more flour and quickly knead to
distribute the herbs.
3. Place the ball on a floured piece of parchment and transfer to the
slow cooker.
4. Cover the slow cooker and turn it on high. Bake for 45 minutes, or
until the top of the loaf feels firm when you gently press it. The loaf
will be very pale at this point.
5. When the loaf has about 20 minutes left in the slow cooker, heat the
broiler on high.
6. Remove the bread from the slow cooker, slide it onto a peel, and
then slide it directly onto the rack under the broiler. Broil for about 2
minutes or until the crust is browned and crisp.
7. Transfer to a wire rack and let cool completely.
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BAGUETTE
YIELD: makes one 16-inch (40-cm) baguette
INGREDIENTS
l ½ pound/225 g (orange-size l 1 egg white mixed with 1
piece) Master Recipe tablespoon water, for egg wash
l Unbleached all-purpose four, l 1 cup (240 ml) hot water
for dusting
PREPARATION
1. Preheat the oven to 450 F (230°C/gas 8), with a baking stone set on
the middle rack. Place an empty broiler tray on any other rack that
won’t interfere with rising bread.
2. Sprinkling the dough with flour to prevent sticking, use your hands
to shape a smooth ball by gently stretching the surface of the dough
3. Let the dough ball rest for about 15 minutes. You can cover the
dough loosely with plastic wrap, but it isn’t necessary.
4. Stretch the dough into a baguette shape that’s about 16 inches
(40 cm) long, squeezing the ends a bit to taper them. If the dough
resists stretching, let it rest for 5 to 10 minutes until it’s relaxed
and easy to stretch. (To shape the baguette using the three-fold
technique, gently stretch the dough into a ½-inch-thick (12 mm)
oval. Fold in one of the long sides and gently press it into the center,
taking care not to compress the dough too much. Bring up the other
side to the center and pinch the seam closed. Flip the dough over
and stretch very gently into a log, working the dough until you have
a thin baguette shape that’s about 1½ inches (36 mm) wide.)
5. Place the dough on a piece of parchment let rest for 15 to 20
minutes.
6. Transfer the dough on its parchment to a pizza peel (or a baguette
pan). Using a pastry brush, paint the dough with the egg wash. (You
can sprinkle with flour instead of using the egg wash for a more
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rustic crust.) Use a serrated knife to make two long slashes on a

diagonal down the center of the loaf.
7. Slide the loaf off the peel onto the hot baking stone (or set the
baguette pan on the stone). Immediately pour the hot water into
the broiler tray and quickly close the oven door. Bake for about 25
minutes, or until richly browned and firm.
8. Transfer to a wire rack, remove from the parchment, and let cool
completely.
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MINI BAGUETTES
YIELD: makes six 4-inch (10-cm) baguettes
INGREDIENTS
l ½ pound/225 g (orange-size l 1 egg white mixed with 1
piece) Master Recipe tablespoon water, for egg wash
l Unbleached all-purpose four, l 1 cup (240 ml) hot water
for dusting
PREPARATION
1. Preheat the oven to 450 F (230 C/gas 8), with a baking stone set on
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4. Gently stretch the dough into a ½-inch-thick (12 mm) oval. Fold in one
of the long sides and gently press it into the center, taking care not to
compress the dough too much. Bring up the other side to the center
and pinch the seam closed. Flip the dough over and stretch very
gently into an even log that’s about 1½ inches (36 mm) wide.)
5. Dust the dough with flour. Using a bench scraper or sharp knife, cut
the baguette on a slight diagonal into 6 equal pieces.
6. Transfer the dough to a parchment-lined baking sheet, shaking off
excess flour and elongating them a bit as you go. Let rest for about
20 minutes.
7. Using a pastry brush, paint the dough with the egg wash. (You can
sprinkle with flour instead of using the egg wash for a more rustic
crust.) Use a serrated knife to make a single long slash on a diagonal
down the center of each bun.
8. Set the baking sheet onto the hot baking stone. Immediately pour
the hot water into the broiler tray and quickly close the oven door.
Bake for about 18 minutes, or until richly browned and firm.
completely.
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BÂTARD
YIELD: makes one loaf
INGREDIENTS
l 1 pound/455 g (large l Unbleached all-purpose four, for
grapefruit-size piece) Master dusting
Recipe l 1 cup (240 ml) hot water
PREPARATION
1. Preheat the oven to 450 F (230 C/gas 8), with a baking stone set on
4. Gently stretch the dough into a 1-inch-thick (2.5 cm) oval. Fold in
one of the long sides and gently press it into the center, taking care
not to compress the dough too much. Bring up the other side to the
center and pinch the seam closed. Flip the dough over and stretch
very gently into a football shape.
5. Place the dough on a piece of parchment let rest for about an hour.
6. Transfer the dough on its parchment to a pizza peel. Sprinkle with
flour and gently smooth the flour over the loaf. Use a serrated knife
to make a single long slash down the center of the loaf.
7. Slide the loaf off the peel onto the hot baking stone. Immediately
pour the hot water into the broiler tray and quickly close the oven
door. Bake for about 30 minutes, or until richly browned and firm.
completely.
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PAIN D’EPI
YIELD: makes one 16-inch (40-cm) loaf
INGREDIENTS
l ½ pound/225 g (orange-size l Unbleached all-purpose flour,
piece) Master Recipe for dusting
l 1 cup (240 ml) hot water
PREPARATION
1. Preheat the oven to 450 F (230 C/gas 8), with a baking stone on the
middle rack. Place an empty broiler tray on any other rack that won’t
interfere with the rising bread. Prepare a pizza peel with parchment
paper.
4. Gently stretch the dough into a ½-inch-thick (12 mm) oval. Fold in
one of the long sides and gently press it into the center, taking care
not to compress the dough too much. Bring up the other side to the
center and pinch the seam closed. Flip the dough over and stretch
very gently into a log, working the dough until you have a thin
baguette shape that’s about 1½ inches (36 mm) wide.)
5. Place the dough on the edge of the prepared pizza peel and allow
to rest for 20 minutes.
6. Dust the dough with flour. Use long-bladed kitchen scissors to snip
almost all the way through the dough at a 20-degree angle all the
way down the loaf. As you cut, lay each piece over to one side,
alternating sides to create a wheat stalk shape. Let rest for
5 minutes.
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7. Slide the loaf off the peel and onto the hot baking stone. Pour the
hot water into the broiler tray and quickly close the oven door.
8. Bake for about 25 minutes, or until richly browned and firm.
completely.
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WREATH BREAD
YIELD: makes one wreath loaf
INGREDIENTS
l 1 pound/450 g (grapefruit-size l Unbleached all-purpose flour,
piece) Master Recipe for dusting
l 1 cup (240 ml) hot water
PREPARATION
middle rack. Place an empty broiler tray on any other rack that won’t
interfere with the rising bread.
4. Poke your thumbs through the center of the ball and gradually
stretch the hole so that it’s nice a wide, large enough to stay open
while it rises in the oven. This means that the hole will need to be
about three times as wide as the wall of the ring.
5. Transfer the ring to a parchment-lined pizza peel. Dust the dough
with flour. Use long-bladed kitchen scissors to snip almost all the
way through the dough at a 20-degree angle all the way around the
loaf. As you cut, lay each piece over to one side.
6. Slide the loaf directly onto the hot
stone. Immediately pour the hot
water into the broiler tray, and quickly
close the oven door. Bake for about
25 minutes, or until deeply browned
and firm.
7. Transfer to a wire rack, remove the
parchment, and let cool completely.
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SANDWICH BREAD
YIELD: makes one 8½ x 4½ -inch (21.5-by-11.5 cm) loaf
INGREDIENTS
l Unsalted butter, for the pan l Unbleached all-purpose
flour, for dusting
l 2 pounds/910 g (large cantaloupe-
size piece) of Master Recipe
PREPARATION
1. Butter an 8½ x 4½-inch (21.5-by-11.5 cm) nonstick loaf pan.
3. Put the dough ball into the prepared pan, loosely cover with plastic
wrap, and let rest for about 90 minutes.
middle rack.
5. Bake for about 45 minutes until deeply browned and firm.
6. Transfer to a wire rack, remove the loaf from the pan, and let cool
completely.
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Recipes
CINNAMON APPLE SANDWICH BREAD

YIELD: makes one 8½ x 4½-inch (21.5-by-11.5 cm) loaf
INGREDIENTS
l Unsalted butter, for the pan l 1 small apple, cored and
finely diced
l 1½ pounds/680 g (small
cantaloupe-size piece) of l 6 tablespoons (75 g) sugar
Master Recipe l 2½ teaspoons ground cinnamon
l Unbleached all-purpose flour, l 1 egg white mixed with 1
for rolling
tablespoon water, for egg wash
PREPARATION
1. Butter an 8½ x 4½-inch (21.5-by-11.5 cm) nonstick loaf pan.
2. Sprinkle the dough with flour to prevent sticking and let it rest,
loosely covered with plastic wrap, for 90 minutes.
3. Sprinkle more flour on top of the dough and, on a floured surface,
roll the dough into ¼-inch (6 mm) thick rectangle.
4. Spread the apples over the dough. In a small bowl, mix together
the sugar and cinnamon, and sprinkle 5 tablespoons of it over the
apples. Stretch the dough into a rectangle one more time, and press
the filling into the dough.
5. Tightly roll the dough up into a log, starting at the end nearest you.
Pinch the seam together to seal, and then fold the log into a ball as
you would fold a letter.
6. Set the loaf in the prepared pan fold side down. Let rest for 90
minutes, loosely covered with plastic wrap.
middle rack.
8. Brush the loaf with egg wash, sprinkle with the remaining cinnamon
sugar, and use a serrated knife to cut a slash down the center of
the loaf.
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9. Bake for about 45 minutes, until deeply browned and firm.

10. Transfer to a wire rack, remove the loaf from the pan, and let cool
completely.
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PULL-APART DINNER BUNS

YIELD: makes 12 buns
INGREDIENTS
l Melted unsalted butter, for l Unbleached all-purpose flour,
pan and for brushing on buns for dusting
l 1½ pounds/680 g l 1 egg white mixed with 1
(cantaloupe-size piece) Master tablespoon water, for egg wash
Recipe
PREPARATION
1. Generously butter a 9-inch (23 cm) round nonstick cake pan all over.
to shape the dough into a smooth ball by gently stretching the
surface of the dough around from the top of the ball to the bottom
on all four sides, rotating the ball a quarter turn as you go. Let rest
for 15 minutes.
3. Divide the dough into 12 equal pieces and roll each into a ball,
pinching the bottom to shut the seam. Place the balls seam side
down into the prepared pan, leaving a little space in between
the balls. Loosely cover with plastic wrap and let rest for 30 to
45 minutes. (To make crusty rolls, arrange the dough balls on a
parchment-lined baking sheet and let them rest and bake that way.
Add steam to the oven before baking these rolls, as we’ve done in
other recipes.)
4. Preheat your oven to 350°F (175C/gas 4).
5. Using a pastry brush, lightly paint the tops of the buns with
egg wash.
6. Bake for 25-30 minutes or until golden brown.
7. Immediately brush the hot buns with butter to keep the crust soft
(and because it tastes great). Then transfer to a wire rack and let
cool completely.
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HERBED CRESCENT ROLLS

YIELD: makes 8 rolls
INGREDIENTS
l ½ pound/225 g (orange-size l ½ teaspoon kosher salt
piece) Master Recipe l 2 tablespoons finely chopped
l Unbleached all-purpose flour, fresh rosemary or other herbs
for rolling l Kosher salt
l 3 tablespoons olive oil
PREPARATION
1. Sprinkling the dough with flour to prevent sticking, use your hands to
shape the dough into a smooth ball by gently stretching the surface
of the dough around from the top of the ball to the bottom on all four
sides, rotating the ball a quarter turn as you go. Let rest for 15 minutes.
2. Sprinkle flour over the dough and roll it out, on a floured work
surface, into an 1/8-inch (3 mm) thick round.
3. Using a pizza cutter, cut the dough into 8 equal wedges. Spread the
olive oil, salt and rosemary evenly over the dough.
4. Starting at the thicker end, roll each piece up until the point is
tucked under the bottom. Curve the ends to create the crescent
shape. Transfer to a parchment-lined baking sheet. Brush the tops
with olive oil and cover loosely with plastic wrap. Allow to rest about
40 minutes.
5. Preheat oven to 450 F (230 C/gas 8) with a rack in the middle of
the oven.
6. Bake about 20-25 minutes, until
golden brown and well set in
center.
7. Transfer to a wire rack, remove
from the parchment, and let cool
completely.
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NAAN
YIELD: makes 1 naan
INGREDIENTS
l ¼ pound/115 g (peach-size l 1 tablespoon ghee or melted
piece) Master Recipe unsalted butter
l Unbleached all-purpose flour, l Kosher salt
for dusting
PREPARATION
for 15 minutes.
2. Sprinkle the dough with more flour, and then dimple the dough with
your fingertips to release any air bubbles. Roll it out to about 1/16-
inch (1.5 mm) thick.
3. Heat a 12-inch (30-cm) cast-iron skillet over medium-high heat. Add
the ghee or butter.
4. Drop the dough into the skillet, decrease the heat to medium, and
cover the pan.
5. Check for doneness at about 3 minutes. When the underside
is richly browned, flip the naan, sprinkle with salt, and continue
cooking for another 2 to 6 minutes.
6. Remove the naan from the pan, sprinkle the second side with salt,
and serve warm.
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STUFFED NAAN
YIELD: makes 1 stuffed naan
INGREDIENTS
l Unbleached all-purpose flour, l 3 tablespoons finely chopped
for the peel and rolling fresh cilantro
l ½ pound/225 g (orange-size l Ghee or melted unsalted butter,
piece) Master Recipe for brushing
l 3 tablespoons finely chopped
white onion
PREPARATION
1. Preheat a baking stone 500 F (260 C/gas 10), with a baking stone on
the middle rack. Prepare a pizza peel with flour or parchment.
for 15 minutes.
your fingertips to release any air bubbles. Roll it out to about ¼-inch
(6 mm) thick.
4. Spread the onions and cilantro over the dough, then pinch the
edges shut around it like a purse, to form a ball around the stuffing.
Flip the ball over so the seam is facing down, and roll the dough out
again on a floured surface to an 1/8-inch (3 mm) thick oval.
5. Slide the stuffed naan onto the pre-heated stone. Check for
doneness in 5 to 10 minutes; at this time, turn the naan around in
the oven if one side is browning faster than the other.
6. Brush with ghee or butter and transfer to a rack to cool slightly.
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Recipes
PITA
YIELD: makes 1 pita
INGREDIENTS
l ½ pound/225 g (orange-sized l Unbleached all-purpose flour,
piece) of Master recipe for the peel and rolling
PREPARATION
1. Preheat a baking stone 500 F (260 C/gas 10), with a baking stone on
the middle rack. Prepare a pizza peel with flour or parchment.
for 15 minutes.
your fingertips to release any air bubbles. Roll it out to about 1/8-inch
(3 mm) thick round. Place the dough on the prepared peel.
4. Slide the dough directly onto the hot stone. Bake for about 5
minutes, until lightly browned and puffed.(To make a cracked pita,
bake until golden brown, about
7 minutes, and don’t wrap with
a towel.)
5. Wrap in a clean dish towel and
cool briefly on a rack. Pitas can
be eaten warm!
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MARGHERITA PIZZA
YIELD: makes one 12-inch (30-cm) pizza
INGREDIENTS
l 1/ cup (85 g) Tomato Sauce

3 l ½ pound/225 g (orange-
(see recipe) sized piece) Master Recipe
l 3 ounces (85 g) fresh l Olive oil, for drizzling
mozzarella, cut into l Kosher salt
l ½-inch (12-mm) chunks l 4 fresh basil leaves
l Unbleached all-purpose flour
or cornmeal for the pizza peel;
flour for the surface
PREPARATION
1. Prepare and measure the sauce and mozzarella in advance; this
will help you get the pizza into the oven before it sticks to the
pizza peel.
2. Preheat the oven to 550 F (290 C/gas 10), with a baking stone
placed in the bottom third of the oven. Prepare a pizza peel with
flour or cornmeal.
3. On a floured work surface, sprinkle the dough with more flour and
dimple it with your fingertips. Using your hands or a rolling pin,
stretch the dough into a 1/8-inch (3 mm) -thick round that’s 12 inches
(30 cm) across. Transfer to the prepared peel.
4. Top the dough with the sauce and cheese, being sparing so the
dough doesn’t stick to the peel. Drizzle with olive oil and sprinkle
with salt.
5. Slide the pizza onto the preheated stone. Check for doneness in 8
to 10 minutes and turn the pizza around in the oven if one side is
browning too fast.
6. Garnish with the basil and serve.
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NO-COOK TOMATO SAUCE

YIELD: makes about 4 cups (900 g)
INGREDIENTS
l 2 28-oz. (794-g) cans crushed l 1 teaspoon fresh or dried basil
or diced Italian-style tomatoes (optional)
l 2 cloves garlic, minced l 2 teaspoons capers (optional)
(optional) l ¼ teaspoon crushed red pepper
l 1 teaspoon fresh or dried flakes (optional)
oregano (optional) l Salt and pepper to taste
PREPARATION
1. Puree all of the ingredients in a blender until as smooth or chunky
as you like, and refrigerate. Can be used immediately or allow the
flavors to marry by letting it sit for 24 hours. The recipe is easily
doubled or halved.
APPLE CRACKER CRUST PIZZA

YIELD: makes one 12-inch (30 cm) cracker crust pizza
INGREDIENTS
l ½ small apple, cored and l 1 teaspoon crushed red pepper
thinly sliced flakes
l 2 tablespoon pine nuts l Unbleached all-purpose flour
or cornmeal for the pizza peel;
l 2 tablespoon honey
flour for the surface
l 1/ cup (48 g) ricotta salata,
3 l ¼ pound/112g (peach-size
thinly sliced (or crumbled feta) piece) Master Recipe
l Olive oil, for drizzling
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PREPARATION
1. Prepare and measure the topping ingredients in advance; this
will help you get the pizza into the oven before it sticks to the
pizza peel.
2. Preheat the oven to 550°F (290C/gas 10), with a baking stone
placed in the bottom third of the oven. Prepare a pizza peel with
flour or cornmeal.
3. On a floured work surface, sprinkle the dough with more flour and
dimple it with your fingertips. Using your hands or a rolling pin,
stretch the dough into a 1/16-inch (1.5 mm) -thick round that’s 12
inches (30 cm) across. Transfer to the prepared peel.
4. Top the dough with the apples, pine nuts and ricotta salata. Drizzle
with the honey and sprinkle with the pepper flakes.
5. Slide the pizza onto the preheated stone. Check for doneness
in 5 minutes and turn the pizza around in the oven if one side is
browning too fast.
6. Drizzle with a bit more honey and olive oil, and serve.
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SICILIAN PIZZA
YIELD: makes one 18 x 13-inch (45 x 33 cm) pizza
INGREDIENTS
l ¼ cup (40 g) olive oil l ½ cup (90 g) green
castelvetrano olives, halved
l 2 pounds/910 g (large
cantaloupe-size piece) Master l 3 tablespoons chopped capers
Recipe l 1 cup (453 g) grape tomatoes,
l 8 ounces (226 g) fresh halved
mozzarella, sliced l Kosher salt
l ¼ cup (56 g) sliced red onion
PREPARATION
1. Preheat the oven to 550 F (290 C/gas 10), with a baking stone
placed in the bottom third of the oven (the stone is optional for this
type of pizza). Oil a 18 x 13-inch (45 x 33 cm) baking sheet with 2
tablespoons of the olive oil.
2. Put the dough on the prepared baking sheet and use your fingertips
to stretch the dough all the way to the pan’s edges. You may need
to allow it to rest for about 30 minutes before it will stretch to the
edges.
3. Drizzle with the remaining 2 tablespoons of oil. Add the mozzarella,
onion, olives, capers, and tomatoes.
4. Slide the pizza onto the preheated stone. Check for doneness in 10
to 15 minutes and turn the pizza around in the oven if one side is
browning too fast.
5. Sprinkle lightly with salt and serve.
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ONION FOCACCIA
YIELD: makes one 9-inch (23 cm) round loaf
INGREDIENTS
l Olive oil, for the pan l 5 to 7 slices (42 g) sweet
white onion
l ¾ pound/340 g (large
orange-size piece) Master l Pinch dried thyme
Recipe l Kosher salt
l 8 very thin slices (28 g)
red onion
PREPARATION
1. Oil a 9-inch (23 cm) round nonstick cake pan all over.
2. Put the dough into the prepared pan and use your fingertips to
stretch the dough all the way to the pan’s edges. You may need
to allow it to rest for about 15 minutes before it will stretch to
the edges.
3. Drizzle with a bit more olive oil, and then let rest for about
20 minutes.
4. Preheat your oven to 450°F (230 C/gas 8).
5. Drizzle with a bit more olive oil, and top with the onions. Sprinkle
with the thyme and a pinch of salt.
6. Use your fingertips to deeply
dimple the dough.
7. Bake for 15-20 minutes or until
golden brown.
8. Remove the focaccia from the
pan, transfer to a wire rack and
let cool briefly. You can eat
focaccia warm!
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BRAIDED SPINACH-FETA BREAD

YIELD: makes 1 braided loaf
INGREDIENTS
l Unbleached all-purpose flour, l ¼ cup (15 g) pine nuts
for rolling l 1 whole egg mixed with
l 1 pound/450 g (grapefruit-size 1 tablespoon water, for
piece) Master Recipe egg wash
l 1 cup (180 g) sautéed spinach l 2 tablespoons sesame seeds
l 1/ cup (37 g) crumbled feta
3
PREPARATION
1. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
2. On a floured work surface, roll the dough into a 1/8-inch-(3 mm)
thick rectangle. As you roll out the dough, add flour as needed to
prevent sticking.
3. Lift the dough onto the lined baking sheet. Working the long way,
layer the spinach over the middle third of the dough. Layer the feta
on top, then add the pine nuts.
4. Using a pizza cutter, cut ½-inch (12mm) wide strips down each side.
Brush one side of the strips lightly with egg wash; this will act as
glue so this is your top side. Fold the strips, egg washed side over
un-egg-washed side, crisscrossing over the filling by about 1 inch
(24 mm). Press the strips together as you move down the pastry,
creating a braid. Tuck the ends under, brush with egg wash, cover
with plastic wrap and let the braided loaf rest for 40 minutes.
5. Preheat the oven to 375 F (190 C/gas 5). Brush the braid with egg
wash again and generously sprinkle with sesame seeds.
6. Place the baking sheet in the center of the oven. Bake the braid for
35 to 45 minutes, or until golden brown. Serve warm.
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FRUIT-FILLED PINWHEELS
YIELD: makes 12
INGREDIENTS
l ¼ cup (56 g) cream cheese, l ¼ cup (60 g) fruit preserves
softened of your choice
l 1½ teaspoons honey l 12 whole raw almonds
l 1/ teaspoon finely grated
8 l 1 whole egg mixed with
lemon zest 1 tablespoon water, for
egg wash
l ¾ pound (340 g) (apple-sized
piece) Master Recipe l Sugar, for sprinkling on top
l Unbleached all-purpose flour,
for rolling
PREPARATION
1. Combine the cream cheese, honey and zest in a small bowl, set aside.
2. Prepare a baking sheet with parchment or a nonstick baking mat.
3. On a floured work surface, roll the dough into a 1/8-inch (3 mm) thick
square.
4. Using a pizza cutter, cut the dough into quarters. Working with one
square of dough at a time and leaving a 2-inch (5 cm) circle intact in
the center of each square, cut a slash at each corner. Transfer the cut
squares to the prepared baking sheet as they’re done.
5. Fill each of the squares with about 2 teaspoons of the cream
cheese filling and then top with 2 teaspoons of the preserves.
Brush each point with egg wash, which will act a glue. Lift one of
the egg washed points up and to the center, then skip a point, and
lift the next one, pressing it into the center to seal. Repeat, lifting
and pressing every other point, to create a pinwheel shape. Cover
loosely with plastic wrap and allow to rest about 20 minutes
6. Preheat the oven to 350 F (175 C/gas 4) with rack in middle of
the oven.
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7. Brush the entire exterior with egg wash, then press one almond
into the center of each pinwheel. Generously sprinkle each with
sugar. Bake about 20-25 minutes, until golden brown and well set in
center.
8. Let cool briefly on a wire rack.
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Recipes
ICED CINNAMON BUNS

YIELD: makes 4 large buns
INGREDIENTS
l Unbleached all-purpose flour, l 6 ounces cream cheese, at
for rolling room temperature
l 1½ pounds (680g) (cantaloupe- l 1/cup (37 g)
3
size piece) Master Recipe confectioners’ sugar
l 2 tablespoons melted butter l 3 tablespoons heavy cream
l ¾ cup (150 g) packed l 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
brown sugar
l ½ teaspoon orange zest
l 2 tablespoons ground
cinnamon
PREPARATION
1. Prepare a baking sheet with parchment or a nonstick baking mat.
2. On a floured work surface, roll the dough into a 1/8-inch (3 mm) thick
rectangle.
3. Brush the melted butter onto the entire surface of the dough.
4. In a small bowl, mix the brown sugar and cinnamon. Spread the mixture
over the butter-topped dough. Use your hands to make sure you have
an even coat of the sugar.
5. Starting at the end nearest you, tightly roll up the dough into a log.
Pinch the seam to seal.
6. Use scissors to cut the log into 4 equal pieces, or buns. Set the buns on
the prepared baking sheet, giving them about 4 inches between them
and smashing them down a bit. It is ok if they rise together in the oven.
Loosely cover the buns and let them rest about 1½ hours.
7. Preheat the oven to 350 F (175 C/gas 4).
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8. Bake for about 25 to 30 minutes, just until the centers are set when
poked with your finger. They should be caramel-colored. Let them cool
for about 5 minutes.
9. Mix together the cream cheese, confectioners’ sugar, cream, vanilla and
orange zest. Spread over the warm buns. Enjoy!
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Recipes
STICKY PECAN CARAMEL ROLLS

YIELD: makes 8 caramel rolls
INGREDIENTS
l ¾ cup (1½ sticks/170 g) l ½ teaspoon salt
unsalted butter, melted, plus l Pinch ground pepper
more for the pan
l 2 cups (198 g) whole toasted
l 1¼ cup (275 g) packed
pecans
brown sugar
1/
l Unbleached all-purpose flour,
l 3 cup (113 g) honey for rolling
l 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon l 1½ pounds/ 680 g
l ¼ teaspoon ground nutmeg (cantaloupe-size piece)
Master Recipe
PREPARATION
1. Butter a 9-inch (23-cm) round nonstick cake pan.
2. In a bowl, cream together the ¾ cup (1½ sticks/170 g) butter, the sugar,
honey, cinnamon, nutmeg, salt and pepper. Spread half of the mixture
evenly over the bottom of the cake pan. Scatter half of the pecans over
the butter-sugar mixture.
3. On a floured work surface, roll out the dough to a 1/8-inch (3 mm) thick
rectangle.
4. Chop the remaining pecans. Spread the remaining filling evenly over
the rolled-out dough and sprinkle with the chopped nuts. Starting with
the long side, tightly roll the dough into a log. Pinch the seam to seal.
5. Cut the log into 8 equal pieces and arrange over the pecans in the pan,
with the “swirled” edge facing upward. Cover loosely with plastic wrap
and allow to rest for 1 hour.
6. Preheat the oven to 350 F (175 C/gas 4).
7. Put the cake pan onto a baking sheet and bake for about 40 minutes,
or until golden brown and well set in center. While still hot, run a knife
around the inside of the pan to release the caramel rolls, and invert
onto a serving dish.
38
CLASS 3
Secrets to Whole Grain Bread Baking
with Michael Kalanty
39
Recipe Index
RECIPES
Note: Michael prefers King Arthur Flour products, if available.
Honey Whole-Wheat Sandwich Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Raisin Whole-Wheat Swirl Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Rustic Whole-Wheat Boule With Wheatberries . . . . . . . . . . 45
Stone-Baked Multi-Seed Bâtard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Multi-Grain Boule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
40
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HONEY WHOLE-WHEAT SANDWICH BREAD

From How to Bake Bread: The Five Families of Bread by Michael Kalanty © Red
Seal Books 2012.
YIELD: makes 2 loaves (1½ lb/680 g each)
INGREDIENTS
l 16 g dry yeast (21/3 packets, l 140 g warm honey (80 F/27 C)

any type) l 14 g kosher or fine sea salt
l 265 g warm water (100 F/38 C) l 60 g unsalted butter,
l 310 g whole-wheat flour, plus softened, plus 30 g, melted
more for sifting and cooled, for décor
l 140 g warm milk (100 F/38 C) l 395 g bread flour
PREPARATION
1. In a large bowl, dissolve the yeast in the warm water for about 5
minutes. Add the 310 g whole-wheat flour. Let stand for 10 minutes.
2. Blend the milk, honey, and salt into the yeast mixture. Add the
softened butter and the bread flour and blend into the dough until
all the flour is moistened.
3. Develop the dough on the bench with medium pressure for 3
minutes, then develop the dough with low pressure for 3 minutes.
Check for windowpane and taste the dough.
4. Let the dough ferment for 1 hour at 80 F/27 C. Punch and fold the
dough once after 30 minutes.
5. Divide the dough into 2 pieces. Form each into a gentle round.
Cover and let rest for 10 minutes.
6. Form into pan loaves. Place each loaf into a lightly oiled bread
pan (8½ x 4½ x 2½ inches/21.5 x 11 x 6 cm). Lightly oil 2 pieces of
plastic wrap and drape one over each loaf. Set aside to proof for 40
minutes at 80 F/27 C. Remove the plastic and proof until the dough
rises just above the edge of the pan, about 10 to 15 minutes more
at 80 F/27 C.
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7. Position a rack so the loaves bake in the center of the oven and
preheat to 400 F/205 C or 340 F/170 C convection.
8. Sift whole-wheat flour over the dough. With a serrated knife, cut a
¼-inch (6-mm) slash down the center of each loaf. Spoon the cooled
butter down the slash, dividing it between the loaves.
9. Bake for 10 minutes. Carefully vent any accumulated steam from the
oven. Reduce the oven temperature to 365 F/185 C or 325 F/165 C
convection, and continue to bake until the bread registers 190 F/88
C on an instant-read thermometer, 24 to 29 minutes more. Only if
necessary, rotate the loaves after they have baked 13 minutes at the
reduced temperature.
10. Let cool in the pans on a rack for 10 minutes. Remove the loaves
from the pans and cool on their sides for 1 hour, flipping them to the
other side after 30 minutes.
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Recipes
RAISIN WHOLE-WHEAT SWIRL BREAD

YIELD: makes 2 loaves (1½ pounds/680 g each)
INGREDIENTS
l 16 g dry yeast ( 21/3 packets, l 16 g kosher or fine sea salt
any type) l 335 g all-purpose flour, plus
l 310 g warm water (100 F/38 C) more as needed
l 345 g whole-wheat flour l 140 g dark raisins
l 115 g warm milk (100 F/38 C) l 90 g brown sugar combined
with 1 level tablespoon +
l 85 g brown sugar (dark or light)
1 level teaspoon ground
l 60 g butter, softened, plus 30 g cinnamon and 7 g whole-
melted and cooled, for décor wheat flour
PREPARATION
1. In a large bowl, dissolve the yeast in the water and let stand for 5
minutes. Blend in the whole-wheat flour and let hydrate for 10 minutes.
2. Blend in the milk, brown sugar, butter, and salt. Add the flour and
blend until all the flour is moistened.
3. Develop the dough on the bench with medium pressure for 2
minutes. Cover the dough and let rest for 5 minutes.
4. Press the raisins into the dough and gather the assembly into a
ball, layering the raisins in the dough as you work. Again develop
the dough with medium pressure for 2 minutes, then let rest for 5
minutes. Lastly, develop the dough with low pressure for 3 minutes.
Check for windowpane and taste the dough.
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5. In a lightly oiled plastic container with a lid, let the dough ferment for
1 hour at 80 F/27 C. Punch and fold the dough once after 30 minutes.
6. Divide the dough into 2 pieces. On a lightly floured surface, press
each piece into an approximate 7 x 9 inch/18 x 23 cm rectangle. Pat
and press (don’t stretch!) the dough to a uniform thickness, stopping
when it first becomes elastic. Drape with lightly oiled plastic wrap
and let rest for 10 minutes.
7. Lightly dust the work surface, uncover the dough pieces, and
transfer them atop the floured part of the bench.
8. Brush each rectangle with cooled, melted butter. Spread each
rectangle with half of the cinnamon/whole-wheat/sugar mixture.
Press into the dough by lightly rolling with a rolling pin. Form each
rectangle into a snug roll 8 inches/20 cm long. Let the rolls sit, seam
down. Orient the rolls so that when you see the swirl on the end, it
suggests the number “9”.
9. Lightly oil 2 bread pans (8½ x 4½ x 2½ inches/21.5 x 11 x 6 cm).
Optionally, crease a piece of parchment to fit across the bottom of
the pan and up each of the long sides. Lightly oil the parchment.
Use a bench scraper to transfer the rolled loaves to the prepared
pans. Lightly drape the oiled plastic pieces over the breads. Set
aside to proof for one hour at 80 F/27 C. Remove the plastic and
proof until the dough rises just above the edge of the pan, about 20
to 30 minutes more at 80 F/27 C.
10. Meanwhile, position a rack so the bread bakes in the center of the
oven and preheat to 400 F/205 C or 340 F/170 C convection.
11. Once more, just before baking, brush the loaves with cooled,
melted butter. Bake for 10 minutes. Carefully vent any accumulated
steam from the oven. Reduce the oven temperature to 365 F/185
C or 325 F/165 C convection, and continue to bake until the bread
registers 190 F/90 C on an instant-read thermometer, 26 to 30
minutes more. Only if necessary, rotate the loaves after they have
baked 13 minutes at the reduced temperature.
12. Let cool in the pans on a rack for 10 minutes. Remove the loaves
from the pans and cool on their sides for 1 hour, turning them to the
other side after 30 minutes.
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Recipes
RUSTIC WHOLE-WHEAT BOULE WITH WHEATBERRIES

YIELD: makes 2 loaves (1 lb. 6 ounces/623 g each)
INGREDIENTS
l Wheatberry soaker (see note on l 300 g warm water (100
page 46) F/38 C)
¡ Pinch of kosher or fine sea salt l 225 g whole-wheat flour
¡ 165 g water, boiling [Bring 2
cups of water to the boil, then
l 85 g dark brown sugar
scale the required 165 g] l 70 g canola oil
¡ 100 g red or white whole
wheatberries, rinsed under
l 17 g kosher or fine sea salt
cool water l 450 g bread flour
l 12 g dry yeast (1¾ packets, l White or brown rice flour
any type) or whole-wheat flour, as
needed
PREPARATION
1. To make the wheatberry soaker, in a bowl, dissolve the salt in the
water. Blend in the wheatberries. Cover and let stand at ambient
temperature for 16 to 18 hours. When ready to make bread, strain
the soaked wheatberries and reserve their water. Add more warm
water to the wheatberry water for a total of 125 grams. Set aside.
2. In a large bowl, rehydrate the yeast in the 300 grams of water and
let stand for about 5 minutes. Add the whole-wheat flour and the
reserved 125 grams of wheatberry water and let stand for 10 minutes.
3. Blend in the brown sugar, canola oil, and salt.
4. Add the 450 grams bread flour in stages, as follows:
¡ After the brown sugar, canola, and salt, add 350 g flour and
blend until all the flour is moistened. Develop the dough on the
bench with medium pressure for 3 minutes. Cover the dough
and let stand for 5 minutes.
¡ Spread the soaked wheatberries and any water that clings to
them over the dough. Sprinkle 40 g of the remaining bread flour
over the berries and press everything into the dough. Gather
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Recipes
the dough into a ball and develop of medium pressure for 3

minutes. Cover and let stand 5 minutes.
¡ Press another 40 grams of the remaining flour into the dough.
Gather the dough into a ball and develop on low pressure for 2
more minutes.
¡ You’ll have about 20 grams of bread flour remaining. Use this
when you punch and fold the dough and for dividing and
shaping. Don’t worry if you don’t use it all, or even if you need a
little more to manage the dough shaping comfortably.
5. Check for windowpane and taste the dough. In a lightly oiled plastic
container with a lid,
6. Let the dough ferment for 1½ hours at 80 F/27 C. Punch and fold
the dough once after 45 minutes.
8. Finally, form the dough into round boules. Line proofing baskets
with rice flour. Use a bench scraper to transfer the boules to the
baskets, placing them navel down. Lightly oil 2 pieces of plastic
wrap and drape gently over the breads. Set aside to proof for 1
hour at 80 F/27 C. Carefully remove plastic and proof for 15 minutes
more, allowing the top of the dough to dry.
9. To prepare the oven for hearth baking, position a rack so bread
bakes above the center of the oven but below the top third. Place
a baking stone on the rack. Position another rack in the lower third
of the oven, and place a shallow baking tray on the rack. Preheat
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the oven to 450 F/232 C or 415 F/213 C convection. Five minutes

before baking, carefully fill the baking tray about halfway with
warm water.
10. Transfer the boules onto a loading peel. Score decoratively with
a baker’s lame or serrated knife. Load the boules onto the baking
stone. Bake for 7 minutes. Carefully vent the oven and remove the
water tray. Reduce the oven temperature to 425 F/220 C or 385
F/200 C convection and continue to bake for 7 minutes.
11. Vent the oven a second time and rotate the loaves only if necessary.
Bake for 7 more minutes. Bread is done when it registers 200 F on
an instant-read thermometer. Properly baked, the crust is evenly
dark brown and the sides of the loaves are firm.
12. If the interior is done, but the crust needs more time, reduce the
temperature to 375 F/190 C or 360 F/ 185 C convection and bake
until the crust suits your preference, 4 to 7 minutes more.
13. Let cool on a rack for at least one hour before service.
Note: Soaked overnight, the wheatberries bring an al dente, trail-hiking texture

to the bread. If you prefer them to have a softer texture, especially for young
children, cook the berries once they have been soaked. Here’s how: Pour the
soaked berries and all their water into a small saucepan. Add 120 grams cool
water and bring everything to the boil. Reduce to a bare simmer, place the
cover ajar, and cook until tender, about 45 to 55 minutes. Cool everything to
100 F or just below before proceeding. Follow directions for straining and
reserving the berry water as given in the recipe, step 1. If you have more than
the 125 grams of berry water called for, discard any extra.
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Recipes
STONE-BAKED MULTI-SEED BÂTARD

YIELD: makes 3 loaves (15 oz./425 g each)
INGREDIENTS
l Poolish ¡ 30 g pumpkin seeds, raw,
hulled, & unsalted
¡ 2 g dry yeast (1/4 packet,
any type) ¡ 60 g meal or flour from
seeds, like pumpkin, flax, or
¡ 170 g lukewarm water (70
sunflower
F/ 21 C)
¡ 170 g bread flour Note: According to your taste or
ingredient availability, any single
l Multi-seed soaker (see note seed or combination can be used.
below)
l 5 g dry yeast (the remaining
¡ 1 g kosher or fine sea salt (a
¾ packet, any type)
rounded ¼ teaspoon)
¡ 220 g lukewarm water (70 l 120 g water at 100 F
F/ 21 C) l 30 g walnut oil
¡ 30 g flax seeds, any color
l 45 g agave, amber preferred
¡ 30 g sunflower seeds, raw &
unsalted l 16 g kosher or fine sea salt
¡ 15 g sesame seeds, black l 500 g whole-wheat flour,
preferred
plus more as needed
PREPARATION
1. To make the poolish, in a bowl, dissolve the 2 g yeast in the 170
g water. Thoroughly blend in the 170 g bread flour. Cover and let
stand at ambient temperature for 16 to 18 hours.
2. To make the multi-seed soaker, in a bowl, dissolve the 1 g salt in the
230 g water. Add the flax, sunflower, sesame and pumpkin seeds
and the meal/flour. Cover and let stand at ambient temperature for
16 to 18 hours.
3. In a large bowl, dissolve the 5 g yeast in the 120 g water and let
stand for about 5 minutes. Add the poolish and multi-seed soaker.
With your hands, break into small chunks. Blend in the walnut oil,
agave and salt. Add the 500 g whole-wheat flour and blend until all
the flour is moistened.
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4. Develop the dough on the bench with medium pressure for 3 minutes.
Let the dough rest for 5 minutes. Develop the dough with low pressure
for 3 minutes. Check for windowpane and taste the dough.
5. In a lightly oiled plastic container with a lid, let the dough ferment
for 1½ hours at 80 F (27 C).
6. Punch and fold the dough once after 45 minutes.
7. Divide the dough into 3 pieces. Form each into a gentle round. Cover
and let rest for 5 minutes. Form the dough rounds into bâtards. Let
rest, seam down, on a work surface dusted with whole-wheat flour.
8. Dust a proofing cloth with whole-wheat flour. Roll the bâtards in
whole-wheat flour on the bench to coat. Seam side down, arrange
loaves in the proofing cloth so they are snug. Set aside to proof for
50 to 60 minutes at 80 F (27 C). Make sure any exposed dough is
covered with proofing cloth or a piece of plastic.
9. To prepare the oven for hearth baking, position a rack so bread bakes
above the center of the oven but below the top third. Place a baking
stone on the rack. Position another rack in the lower third of the oven,
and place a shallow baking tray on the rack. Preheat the oven to 450
F/232 C or 415 F/213 C convection. Five minutes before baking,
carefully fill the baking tray about halfway with warm water.
10. Transfer the bâtards onto a loading peel. Score decoratively with
a baker’s lame or serrated knife. Load the bâtards onto the baking
stone. Bake for 7 minutes. Carefully vent the oven and remove the
water tray. Reduce the oven temperature to 425 F/220 C or 385
F/200 C convection and continue to bake for 7 minutes.
Bake for 7 more minutes. Bread is done when it registers 200 F/
93 C on an instant-read thermometer. Properly baked, the crust is
evenly dark brown and the sides of the loaves are firm. If the interior
is done, but the crust needs more time, reduce the temperature to
375 F/190 C or 360 F/ 185 C convection and bake until the crust
suits your preference, 4 to 7 minutes more.
49
Recipes
MULTI-GRAIN BOULE
YIELD: makes 2 loaves (25 ounces/700 g each) or 3 loaves (1 lb./465 g each)
INGREDIENTS
l Poolish ¡ 175 g water
¡ 2 g dry yeast (¼ packet, ¡ 4 g kosher or fine sea salt
any type)
l 5 g dry yeast (the remaining
¡ 200 g water at 70 F (21 C) 3/4 packet, any type)
¡ 200 g bread flour
l 200 g water at 100 F/ 37 C
l Multi-Grain Soaker (see note)
¡ 60 g rolled oats l 15 g honey
¡ 60 g cornmeal, stone-ground
preferred
l 11 g kosher or fine sea salt
¡ 40 g whole-rye flour or l 15 g canola or walnut oil
pumpernickel meal (any grind)
l 250 g whole-wheat flour
¡ 40 g rye flakes, or substitute
more rye flour l 210 g bread flour
¡ 30 g flax seeds (any color), l White or brown rice flour
toasted in a small sauté pan just or whole-wheat flour, as
until popping starts, then cooled
needed
¡ 14 g wheat germ, toasted
(optional)
PREPARATION
1. To make the poolish, in a bowl, dissolve the yeast in the water.
Thoroughly blend in the flour. Cover and let stand at ambient
temperature for 16 to 18 hours.
2. To make the multi-grain soaker, in a bowl, stir together the oats,
cornmeal, rye flour, rye flakes, flax seeds, optional wheat germ,
salt, and water. Cover and let stand at ambient temperature for 12
to 18 hours. The soaker may be stored for up to 48 hours longer if
refrigerated. Bring to 80 F/ 27 C before using to make dough.
3. In a bowl, dissolve the yeast in the 200 g water. Add the poolish and
multi-grain soaker. Combine gently, by hand, breaking the poolish
and soaker into small pieces. Blend in the honey, salt, and the oil.
50
Recipes
Add the whole-wheat flour and blend until all the flour is moistened.
Let the dough stand, covered, for 5 minutes.
4. Add the bread flour and blend until all flour is moistened.
5. Develop the dough on the bench with medium pressure for 3 minutes.
Let the dough rest for 5 minutes. Develop the dough with low pressure
for 3 minutes. Check for windowpane and taste the dough.
6. In a lightly oiled plastic container with a lid, let the dough ferment for 1
hour at 80 F/ 27 C. Punch and fold the dough once after 30 minutes.
8. Finally, form the dough into round boules. Line proofing baskets
with rice flour. Use a bench scraper to transfer the boules to the
baskets, placing them navel down. Lightly oil 2 pieces of plastic
wrap and drape gently over the breads. Set aside to proof for 45
hour at 80 F/ 27 C. Carefully remove plastic and proof for 10 to 15
minutes more, allowing the top of the dough to dry.
9. To prepare the oven for hearth baking, position a rack so bread bakes
above the center of the oven but below the top third. Place a baking
stone on the rack. Position another rack in the lower third of the oven,
and place a shallow baking tray on the rack. Preheat the oven to 450
F/232 C or 415 F/213 C convection. Five minutes before baking,
carefully fill the baking tray about halfway with warm water.
10. Transfer the boules onto a loading peel. Score decoratively with a
baker’s lame or serrated knife. Load the boules onto the baking stone.
Bake for 7 minutes. Carefully vent the oven and remove the water
tray. Reduce the oven temperature to 425 F/220 C or 385 F/200 C
convection and continue to bake for 7 minutes.
Bake for 7 more minutes. Bread is done when it registers 200 F/ 93 C
on an instant-read thermometer. Properly baked, the crust is evenly
dark brown and the sides of the loaves are firm.
12. If the interior is done, but the crust needs more time, reduce the
temperature to 375 F/190 C or 360 F/ 185 C convection and bake
until the crust suits your preference, 4 to 7 minutes more.
51
Recipes
Note: Up to 100 g additional water may be added to the main dough to

increase its hydration. When adding more water to a dough, nothing else needs
to be modified. Times and temperatures are not modified. The dough becomes
more slack the more that water is added, and this requires a more skilled touch
when dividing and shaping.
52
CLASS 4
Handmade Sourdough:
From Starter to Baked Loaf
with Richard Miscovich
Richard Miscovich is an expert bread baker and

accomplished instructor. Upon graduating from the San
Francisco Baking Institute, Richard visited Alan Scott,
artisan builder of the modern brick oven. After that trip, he
immediately constructed his own wood-fired oven in coastal
North Carolina. Richard currently serves as an assistant
professor at Johnson & Wales University, where he teaches
bread production. He was the recipient of the Baking
& Pastry Service Award in 2006 and 2009, and recently
authored From The Wood-Fired Oven.
53
Liquid Sourdough Starter From Scratch
DAY 1 WEIGHT BAKER’S %
Water, 77 F (25 C) 96 g 84
All-purpose flour 57 g 50
Whole rye flour 57 g 50
Molasses 4g 3.5
Total 214 g —
Combine all of the ingredients sides of the container, cover, and

in a stainless mixing bowl or let sit in a 77 F (25 C) environment
plastic storage container. Mix until for 24 hours. This begins the
incorporated, scrape down the fermentation process.
DAY 2 WEIGHT BAKER’S %
Water, 77 F (25 C) 96 g 84
Day 1 starter 108 g 95
Whole rye flour 57 g 50
Total 318 g —
Remove 108 g from the starter you down the sides of the container,
mixed yesterday and set it aside. cover, and ferment in a 77 F (25
Discard the excess starter. Add C) environment for 24 hours. This
it back to the container and add process of adding flour and water
the water and flours to the starter, to the starter is called feeding the
mix until incorporated, scrape starter.
DAYS 3-6 WEIGHT BAKER’S %
Water, 77 F (25 C) 140 g 84
Day 2 starter 159 g 95
Total 466 g —
54
On Day 3, begin feeding the future feedings to a minimum.)

starter every 12 hours—twice a After each feeding, scrape down
day, instead of only once a day the sides of the container, cover,
as before. Remember to use 159 and ferment at room temperature,
g of young starter instead of 77 F (25 C). Continue feeding the
the full 318 g. Excess starter can starter every 12 hours until Day 7.
be discarded. (I know it sounds By this time, your starter should
wasteful to just dispose of that be healthy, active and ready
starter, but it allows you to keep to use.
the amount of flour used for
CHOOSING A CONTAINER FOR YOUR STARTER

Any non-reactive, 2- to 4-quart, The volume of the starter changes
lidded, wide-mouthed container dramatically based on how many
will work fine as a container for days it has matured and how soon
your starter. Clear containers it’s fed after reaching maximum
are convenient because you can volume. I’ve started starters with
observe the progress of your starter this formula and purposefully
at a glance without opening the lid. created inaccuracies as a way
When I want to track the growth of of testing the efficiency of this
the starter over time, I simply mark approach. It has always worked, so
the level with a dry-erase marker don’t worry if you have to estimate.
and note the time on the outside of
the container.
CARE AND FEEDING OF A LIQUID

SOURDOUGH STARTER
Maintaining Your Starter at in the fridge when daily feeding
Room Temperature Room isn’t convenient, but maintaining
temperature, roughly 77 F (25 it at room temperature with daily
C), is the preferable environment feedings for at least a little while
for maintaining an active starter. is a great way to become familiar
Feeding it water and flour can be with the various stages of your
a daily task depending on how starter’s cycle.
much you bake, but it’s a simple
one, and you might find it less After you’ve established your
demanding than you’d think. starter following the formula above,
You can always stash the starter feed it once a day as follows:
55
Stir the starter well and then take at least two hours before putting it
out 100 g (discard the remaining back in the refrigerator.
starter). Mix the 100 g starter
with 100 g water and 100 g all- Getting ready to bake with a
purpose flour until smooth. Cover starter that’s been stored in the
and let ripen for six to eight hours. fridge with weekly feedings:
Two to three days before you’re
GETTING READY TO BAKE planning to bake, you’ll need to
raise the activity of your starter
If you plan to use the starter the to a more energetic level. Here’s
next day, feed it twice without how: Take the starter out of the
pouring off any starter. There fridge in the morning, feed it as
should be a minimum of six hours usual, and let it ferment for 24
between feedings, and the last hours at room temperature. The
feeding should be 6 to eight hours next day, feed it twice: once in
before you want to build a levain in the morning, then again about 12
order to make a batch of bread. hours later. On the third morning,
MAINTAINING YOUR STARTER feed the starter early and allow it
IN THE FRIDGE to ferment until it’s ripe, about six
hours. It should then be ready to
When daily feeding isn’t use in your recipe. Pour off what
convenient, you can store your you will need for the recipe, and
starter in the fridge and feed it feed the remaining starter 227
once a week instead. It’s also g flour and 227 g of water. Mix
appropriate to keep your starter until smooth, and allow the starter
in the fridge if your kitchen is very to work for at least two hours at
warm—say, over 85 F (29 C). In a room temperature before putting
hot summer kitchen, a starter left it back in the refrigerator.
on the counter will ferment like
crazy, and you’d have to feed it INCREASING THE QUANTITY
very frequently to prevent it from OF YOUR STARTER
becoming overripe. To increase the quantity of your
Feed the starter once a week as starter, simply feed the starter
follows: Take the starter out of the as usual without discarding any.
fridge, stir well, and pour off all You may also increase volume
but 100 g. Add 100 g of water and by increasing the amount of
100 g of all-purpose flour, mix until flour and water you add at each
smooth, and cover. Allow the starter feeding—just remember to follow
to work at room temperature for the 1:1 ratio of equal parts (by
weight) flour and water.
56
REVIVING A DORMANT OR flour twice a day until it’s healthy,

NEGLECTED STARTER bubbly and active.
When a starter has gone too Sourdough starters are hearty

long without a feeding, it will and easily resist spoilage due to
lack the usual bubbles and signs their acidic nature. The pH of a
of activity, and it will have a very sourdough starter discourages
sharp aroma and a layer of clear, the proliferation of harmful
dark liquid (alcohol, a byproduct microorganisms, but if your starter
of yeast that’s been deprived of turns ominously pink or red or
oxygen) on top. Although the shows signs of mold growth,
starter appears lifeless at this discard it and begin again.
point, the microflora will spring
The preceding excerpt is from
into action again as soon as they
Richard Miscovich’s book From the
get a few good meals. Stir the Wood-Fired Oven (Chelsea Green
liquid back into the starter, pour Publishing, 2013) and is reprinted
off all but 100 g, and feed it 100 g here with permission of the publisher.
of water and 100 g of all-purpose
57
Pain au Levain
YIELD: Two large loaves, 25 percent prefermented flour
LEVAIN WEIGHT VOLUME BAKER’S %
Water, 75 F (23.8 C) 227 g 1 cup 100

Liquid sourdough
45 g 3 tablespoons* 20
starter
Bread flour 227 g 2 cups 100
Total 499 g — —
*Best measured by weight; volume varies with ripeness.
Combine water, starter and flour. visible activity before retarding

Mix until smooth. Cover and allow the levain. If the levain isn’t
to ferment at 75 F (23.8 C) for moving before it goes into the
eight hours. fridge it is unlikely it will become
active during its tenure under
You can also mix the levain and cold storage. Forty degrees
allow it to ferment for five to six fahrenheit is too cold to initiate
hours and then retard it in the fermentation. Activation before
fridge for an additional 12 hours. refrigeration!
It is important to achieve some
FINAL DOUGH WEIGHT VOLUME BAKER’S %
Water 400 g 1¾ cups 69
Bread flour 457 g 3¾ cups 75
Levain 454 g 2½ cups* —
Whole-wheat flour 228 g 2 cup 25
1 tablespoon +
Salt 17 g 1.8
1 teaspoon
Total 1,556 g — —
* Best measured by weight; volume varies with ripeness.
Desired Dough Temperature:

78 F (25.6 C)
58
Pain au Levain
AUTOLYSE
Remove 45 g of levain from the incorporated and homogeneous,
levain. Pour the water around the about two minutes, but it is not
edge of the remainint 409 g levain necessary to “develop” the dough
in order to help release all of the at this point. It is OK if the dough
preferment. Add the water-levain is still shaggy. Cover to prevent to
mixture and flours to a mixing a skin from forming and allow to
bowl, but hold back the salt. Mix autolyse for 20-30 minutes.
by hand or mixer until thoroughly
MIXING
l BY HAND: After the autolyse, floured surface and divide into two
add salt and mix the dough pieces. Pre-shape each piece into a
with your hand and plastic loose, round ball, and place bottom
dough scraper for a minute to up on a lightly floured surface.
incorporate the ingredients. Cover the loaves and allow them to
Turn the dough out of the rest for about 20 minutes.
bowl and knead by hand using
the techniques demonstrated SHAPING
in Lesson 2. Shape the loaves into boules or
l BY MIXER: After the autolyse, batards and place them seam-
add salt and mix on slow side up in well-floured proofing
speed for three minutes. basket and allow to proof for
Increase the speed to medium approximately two hours. This
and mix for three minutes. is a pretty long proof time—you
Stop occasionally while mixing need to make sure the basket is
to scrape dough off the hook. well floured so the dough doesn’t
stick when it is turned out to score
PRIMARY FERMENTATION and bake, especially if the dough
will be retarded in the baskets
Place dough in a covered
overnight. I prefer linen-lined
container and allow to ferment
banneton instead of unlined
2½ hours, folding twice
brotform for dough with a long
approximately every 45 minutes.
proof time, the dough tends to
PRE-SHAPING/DIVIDING stick more to the convolutions of
the willow basket while the linen-
Forty-five minutes after the last lined wicker gives a nice release.
fold, turn the dough onto a lightly
59
Pain au Levain
SCORING & BAKING a lightly floured peel. Score and

bake in a steamed 450 F (232 C)
Preheat oven to 450 F (232 C). oven for about 40 minutes.
Just before baking, invert the
baskets and turn the loaves onto
VARIATION: OLIVE SOURDOUGH

For this variation, exchange those whole olives will get broken
the whole-wheat flour with up during the rest of the bread
whole rye flour, which holds up making process (and when the
well to the strong flavor of the baked loaf is sliced or ripped
olives. However, you can also apart), but it is satisfying to find
make it with whole-wheat flour some whole pieces of olive in the
with excellent results. Once middle of the loaf. The smooth
the dough is developed after and oily olives tend to slip out of
kneading, add 400 g of olives the dough, but just keep tucking
and continue mixing until evenly them back in as you fold, divide
incorporated. (The baker’s ratio of and shape—they’ll eventually
olives is 44 percent.) I like whole become incorporated. The
kalamatas but have also made addition of the olives will increase
olive bread with other types of the yield of the dough, so you
olives, including a mix of black may want to divide this variation
and green olives. I roughly chop into three loaves—or make one
about 75 percent of the olives but into a fougasse.
leave the others whole. Some of
60
Pain au Levain
VARIATION: ROSEMARY SOURDOUGH

This is one of my favorite breads. period, as oxidation will cause the
I replace the whole-wheat flour herb to turn black if it is chopped
with white flour and add 28 g too far in advance. Add the
of fresh rosemary. The baker’s rosemary right at the beginning
percentage of rosemary is 3 of kneading. That way, the bits of
percent. However, this percentage rosemary are evenly incorporated
may need to be adjusted throughout the dough. I place a
depending on the pungency tip of a rosemary stem under the
of your rosemary. I chop the loaf just before loading.
rosemary during the autolyse
VARIATION: ROASTED-ONION SOURDOUGH

This is a hearty loaf with nice start with about 283 g raw onion,
flavor—a simple and inexpensive about two medium onions. Chop
levain variation. Keep the whole- the onions coarsely, toss with olive
wheat flour (from the basic pain oil, salt, and pepper. Caramelize
au levain formula) but hold back until translucent. They should still
a bit of the water (about 28 g) be pretty wet, not crispy and dark.
because the onions will add to the Add the onions once the dough
hydration. Add 226 g caramelized is toward the end of kneading
onions. Remember that the post- development, and make sure they
cooking weight will be less, so are evenly distributed.
61
Scoring the Loaves
Scoring is generally done just Determine your score mark

before loaves are loaded into in advance and make quick,
the oven. The score marks allow confident moves. Even a brand-
the loaf to open at a predictable new blade will drag and snag
place when expansion starts the dough’s surface if you use it
due to oven spring. If a loaf isn’t in a slow and hesitant manner.
scored, it might open randomly Ideally, the motion is continuous,
at the weakest spot or not at all, with the moving blade cutting
yielding a dense crumb and a neatly through the dough and
twisted appearance in either case. continuing on its trajectory—
I prefer to use a traditional French follow-through is important for
lame (rhymes with “mom”) with making confident cuts. If multiple
a changeable blade for scoring loaves are being scored and
loaves. (Avoid lames that have a loaded, make all the parallel cuts
blade fixed to the handle; these on all the loaves and then go back
are single-use tools. Once the to finish the pattern. This will save
blade is dull—and it won’t take time because you won’t have
long—all you can do is throw the to reposition your arm for each
lame away. A changeable-blade segment of the score mark.
lame is a tool you can have the
rest of your life.) It’s a simple An important adjustment to
tool that allows more dexterity consider in scoring is the angle of
and agility when making cuts. the blade in relation to the surface
Some lame handles are bent, of the dough. Undercutting the
which curves the razor, allowing surface of the dough will allow the
the baker to easily make an flap of skin to rise up during the
undercut when scoring the loaf. oven spring period, creating an
This flap of dough will lift up “ear” or ridge of dough. Making a
and create a deeply caramelized cut with the blade perpendicular to
ridge of crust. A straight lame is the surface forces the parts of the
good for making cuts that are dough on either side of the cut to
perpendicular to the surface of migrate away during oven spring.
the dough. Use only the tip of Finally, the depth of the cut
the blade to prevent the back depends on the hydration of the
edge of the blade (which doesn’t dough and how proofed the loaf
have a sharp cutting edge) from is. Very wet dough, like Ciabatta,
bulldozing and snagging the is not scored because this bread
surface of the dough. has little surface tension; cutting
it would reduce surface tension
62
Scoring the Loaves
even more, leading to a loaf that Simple score marks that cover the
would spread too much. A drier entire surface of the bread are
dough needs a deep and decisive easiest to execute and allow the
cut. If you realize while loading loaf to expand in all directions.
that the dough is still a bit young Complex cuts with lots of curves
(slightly underproofed), make the are difficult to execute; often the
score marks a bit deeper to give detail is lost in the oven spring.
some release to the excess force
The preceding excerpt is from
that will be released during oven
Richard Miscovich’s book From the
spring. If the dough seems slightly Wood-Fired Oven (Chelsea Green
overproofed or delicate, make the Publishing, 2013) and is reprinted
cut a bit shallower. here with permission of the publisher.
Boule
Patterns
Batard
Patterns
63
Sprouted Wheat Berry Sourdough
YIELD: Two large loaves, 35 percent prefermented flour
LEVAIN WEIGHT BAKER’S %
High-extraction flour 121 g 50
Sprouted wheat flour 121 g 50
Water 242 g 100
Liquid sourdough
36 g 15
starter
Total 520 g
Combine flours, water and starter.

Mix until smooth. Cover and allow
to ferment for eight to 10 hours.
SPROUTED SOAKER WEIGHT BAKER’S %
Sprouted grains 173 g 100
Soak whole wheatberries for 24 to sprout for another 12-36 hours at

36 hours. Drain and rinse. Allow to room temperature.
FINAL DOUGH WEIGHT BAKER’S %
Sprouted wheat flour 328 g 65
High-extraction flour 121 g 35
Water 340 g 98.6
Salt 15 g 2.2
Levain 484 g —
Sprouted soaker 173 g 25
Total 1,461 g

78 F (25.6 C)
64
Sprouted Wheat Berry Sourdough
AUTOLYSE
Pour the water around the edge and homogeneous, but it is not
of the ripe starter in order to help necessary to develop the dough
release all of the preferment. at this point. It is OK if the dough
Add the water, levain and flours is still shaggy. Cover to prevent to
to a mixing bowl, but hold back a skin from forming and allow to
the salt. Mix by hand or mixer autolyse for 20-30 minutes.
until thoroughly incorporated
MIXING
l BY HAND: After the autolyse, two pieces. Pre-shape each piece
add salt and mix the dough into a loose round ball, and place
with your hand and plastic bottom up on a lightly floured
dough scraper for a minute to surface. Cover the loaves, and
incorporate the ingredients. allow them to rest for about
Turn the dough out of the 20 minutes.
bowl and knead by hand using
the techniques demonstrated SHAPING
in Lesson 2. Shape the loaves into boules or
l BY MIXER: After the autolyse, batards and place them seam-
add salt and mix on slow side up in well-floured proofing
speed for 3 minutes. Increase baskets, cover and allow to
the speed to medium and proof at room temperature for
mix for 3 minutes. Stop approximately an hour. Place
occasionally while mixing to the baskets in the refrigerator
scrape dough off the hook. overnight, making sure the dough
is well protected so it doesn’t
PRIMARY FERMENTATION dry out.
Place dough in a covered SCORING & BAKING
container and allow to ferment
2½ hours, folding twice Preheat oven to 450 F (232 C).
approximately every 45 minutes. Just before baking, invert the
baskets and turn the loaves onto
PRE-SHAPING/DIVIDING a lightly floured peel. Score and
bake in a steamed 450 F
Forty-five minutes after the last
fold, turn the dough onto a lightly (232 C) oven for about 40
floured surface and divide into minutes.
65
Rye Formula
YIELD: Two 750-g loaves, 27 percent prefermented flour
RYE SOUR WEIGHT VOLUME BAKER’S %

¾ cup +
Water 75 F (23.8 C) 182 g 81
2 tablespoons
Liquid sourdough
14 g 1½ tablespoons* 6
starter
Rye flour, whole 225 g 2 1/3 cups 100
Total 421 g — —
Combine water, starter and flour. consistency of wet concrete.

Mix by hand or mixer until all Cover and allow to ferment at 75
flour is incorporated. Be patient F (23.8 C) for 12–15 hours.
and mix until the starter is the
Rye flour, whole 340 g 3 1/3 cups + 1/3 cups 67
High-gluten flour 280 g 2 1/3 cups 33
Instant active yeast 3g ¾ teaspoon 0.35
Salt 17 g 1 tablespoon 2
Water 75 F (23.8 C) 468 g 2 cups 77
Rye sour 421 g All from above —
Total 1,584 g — —

82 F (27.8 C)
66
Rye Formula
MIXING
l BY MIXER: Combine all two or three pieces. Pre-shape
ingredients in the bowl of a each piece into a loose round
mixer. Mix on slow speed for ball, and place bottom up on a
three minutes. Increase the lightly floured surface. Cover the
speed to medium and mix loaves, and allow them to rest for
for two to three minutes. The about 10 minutes.
dough will probably stick
against the sides of the bowl SHAPING
in a thick layer. You will need Shape into slender batards and
to scrape down the bowl place them seam-side up in well-
more often than with wheat- floured round, proofing basket.
based breads. The dough will Proof for approximately 45
be sticky, but gluten strands minutes to one hour. The seam
should be visible. The surface will begin to rip open when the
of the dough will have a slight loaf is ready to bake.
sheen and will tug back when
gently pulled. SCORING & BAKING
PRIMARY FERMENTATION Preheat oven to 450 F (232 C).

Just before baking, invert the
Place dough in a covered baskets and turn the loaves
container and allow to ferment, onto a lightly floured peel and
for 45 minutes. There are no folds score across the batard, about
for this dough. 25 percent in from each end.
PRE-SHAPING/DIVIDING Bake in a steamed oven. Bake for
approximately 45 minutes.
Turn the dough onto a lightly
floured surface and divide into
67
Rugbrøt
YIELD: One 13” (33 cm) pullman loaf, 55 percent prefermented flour
RYE SOUR WEIGHT VOLUME BAKER’S %

1 cup +
Water 75 F (23.8 C) 245 g 1 tablespoons + 81
1 teaspoon
Liquid sourdough
55 g ¼ tablespoons* 6
starter
Rye flour, whole 300 g 3 1/3 cups 100
Total 600 g — —

Combine water, starter and flour. consistency of wet concrete.
Mix by hand or mixer until all Cover and allow to ferment at 75
flour is incorporated. Be patient F (23.8 C) for 12-15 hours.
and mix until the starter is the
LEVAIN WEIGHT VOLUME BAKER’S %
Water 103 g Scant ½ cup 100
Liquid sourdough
14 g 1½ tablespoon* 14
starter
High-gluten flour 103 g 1 cup 100
Total 220 g — —
Combine water, yeast and flour also mix the levain and allow it to
and mix until smooth. Cover and ferment for four to six hours at 77
allow to ferment at 77 F (25 C) F (25 C) and then retard it in the
for eight to 10 hours. You can fridge for an additional 12 hours.
68
Rugbrøt
SOAKER WEIGHT VOLUME BAKER’S %

1
/3 cups +
Rye chops 75 g 100
3 tablespoons
½ cup +
Water 150 g 200
2 tablespoons
Total 220 g — —
Combine all ingredients and soak

overnight at approximately 77°
(25 ° C).

1 cups +
High-gluten flour 130 g 32
3 tablespoons
Whole-rye flour 200 g 2 /3 cups
1
68
Water 180 g ¾ cup 92
Instant dry yeast 25 g ½ teaspoon 0.3
Salt 16 g 1 tablespoon 2.2
Soaker 225 g All from above —

Rye sour 600 g All from above —
Levain 220 g All from above —

Blackstrap molasses 15 g 1 tablespoon 6
Whole fennel seeds, 1 tablespoon +
coarsely ground — 0.6
½ teaspoon
Rye chops — — 10
Total 1,588.5 g — —

82 °F ( 27 °C)
69
Rugbrøt
Spray a 13” (33 cm) Pullman pan so the flour sticks to the sprayed
and coat the inside with the same interior of the pan like you do
whole rye flour you used in the when you prep a cake pan.
rye sour. Tilt the pan all around
MIXING
l BY MIXER: Combine all minutes. The loaf will be puffy and
ingredients in the bowl of a will have risen to within an inch of
mixer. Mix on slow speed for the top of the pan.
four minutes. Increase the
speed to medium and mix SCORING & BAKING
for three to four minutes. The Heat oven to 500 F (260 C). Put
dough will probably stick the covered pan into the oven
against the sides of the bowl and bake for 15 minutes at 500 F
in a thick layer. You will need (260 C). Reduce the temperature
to scrape down the bowl to 400 F (204 C) and bake
more often than with wheat for an additional 15 minutes.
based breads. The dough will Remove the cover and lower
be sticky, but gluten strands the temperature to 325 F (163
should be visible. C) and bake for an additional 45
SHAPING minutes until the bread is done.
If the bread is not done at this
There is no primary fermentation point, remove it from the pan
and no pre-shape for this and continue baking it on a sheet
dough. After mixing is complete, pan until the sides of the loaf are
immediately transfer the dough firm and the loaf has good color
into the greased and floured development.
Pull-man pan. Distribute the
dough down the length of the Once removed from the oven
pan, and roughly smooth the top. and cooled, let it sit at room
Dust the surface of the loaf with temperature covered with a cloth
a generous coating of rye flour, for least 24-48 hours before
slide the lid onto the Pullman pan, cutting the loaf. This will prevent
and let it proof for about 45 to 60 the dough from having a gummy
interior.
70
Process & Formulas
IMPORTANCE OF THE THERMOMETER & TIMER

Dough temperature is an important or so. If the dial does not read 32
variable to control when baking F (0 C), hold on to the nut on the
bread. You should always check back of the dial with a wrench and
your dough temperature when you turn the dial until it reads 32 F. No
are done mixing. Ideally, it will be batteries required.
about 75-78 F (24-26 C). Dough
temperatures for rye breads might The pace of production baking—
be slightly warmer, 80-82 F (27-28 and for a home baker, simply
C). There’s no need to buy a fancy the interruptions of everyday
digital thermometer, although it’s life—make a timer a valuable tool
faster and sometimes easier to for keeping things on schedule.
see a digital readout than one on Anything will work—an analog
a standard, analog instant-read windup, a digital kitchen timer
thermometer. The problem with with multiple functions, your cell
digital thermometers is that they’re phone. Once the bread-baking
often inaccurate and have batteries process seeps into your soul, don’t
that eventually will need to be be surprised if at some point you
changed. An analog instant-read think, It must be about time to fold
thermometer can be calibrated by that dough, only to check the timer
putting it into a bath of half ice and and see that the alarm is due to
half water and waiting a minute sound in just a few seconds.
WHY METRIC?
The straightforward answer is temperatures, although all Celsius
that the metric system of weights, temperature equivalents are
volumes, and measures is simply included in the text and formulas.
superior in terms of accuracy,
precision, resolution, and If you still haven’t bought a scale,
efficiency of the user’s time. Other I hope you will put down this
benefits are that the metric system document right now and do it. It
is understood by a worldwide will make all of your breadmaking
community of users, it’s easier to processes easier and your
learn than non-metric systems, finished loaves more admirable.
and its use greatly reduces errors.
I use the metric system for mass
but maintain the use of Fahrenheit
71
Process & Formulas
SALT STANDARD
All the recipes in this Craftsy so a given volume of Diamond
course were made with Morton’s Crystal will contain less than half
kosher salt, which is widely the weight of salt as the same
available in North American volume of Morton’s.
grocery stores Some people prefer
another popular brand, Diamond (Another reason to measure by
Crystal, because it does not weight, not volume!) If you do use
contain the one percent calcium Diamond Crystal and measure by
silicate anti-caking agent found volume, however, just be aware
in Morton’s. Diamond Crystal has that you will need to adjust the
much lighter, crystalline granules, salt accordingly.
STARTER VERSUS LEVAIN

In this Craftsy course, I call stored it’s elaborated into a preferment
naturally leavened starter simply a for use in a batch of baked bread.
“starter.” It’s called a “levain” once
WATER TEMPERATURE FORMULA

The water temperature formula between 75 F and 78 F (24–26
is used to achieve a desired final C). Breads with commercial yeast
dough temperature. It is one of the are usually about 75 F, while
fundamental techniques that help naturally leavened breads like
ensure consistently good bread. to be a bit warmer, around 78 F.
Rye breads are aided by a final
I run the water temperature dough temperature of 78 F to 84
formula every time I mix. Dough F (26–29 C) depending on the
temperature is affected by the percentage of rye. The desired
temperature of each ingredient dough temperature for each
(water, flour, and preferment), bread is given in the formula.
the room temperature, and
the friction factor (the amount Is it really a big deal to have
of heat added to the dough dough temperature that is
through friction during the drastically out of the optimum
mixing process). In general, range? It’s not uncommon to
aim for a dough temperature be several degrees out, but a
72
Process & Formulas
5 F (3 C) difference will bring might not generate any friction

about very slow or very fast heat, while a drier dough in a
fermentation activity. Imagine if mixer will create more friction.
our body temperature was raised Also, a fast mixer will add
10 F (6 C), from 98.7 to 108.7. more heat to the dough than a
You’d be approaching death. slower mixer, given the same
Luckily, having doughs with mixing time.
high temperatures is not as dire
a situation as having a feverish Don’t know the friction factor for
family member, but this is an your mixing method? Take the
important factor in the health of temperature of the dough when
your dough. it first becomes homogeneous
during the final dough mixing
Here’s how to calculate the water process and again when kneading
temperature to use in order to is complete. Subtract the first
finish the kneading step with the value from the second; the
desired final dough temperature. difference in those quantities is
the friction factor.
FOR A BREAD THAT
USES A PREFERMENT Here is an example, calculated in
Fahrenheit. You are mixing Pain
Multiply the desired dough au Levain. It’s a cool day, and you
temperature by 4, then subtract want the temperature to be on the
the flour temperature, preferment warmer side of the
temperature, room temperature,
and friction factor. The result is 75 F to 78 F desired dough
the water temperature you should temperature. The room
use. Or: temperature is 69 F, the flour is 68
F, and the levain preferment is 75
water temp = (4 x desired dough F. You are mixing by hand, which
temp) – (flour temp + room temp +
preferment temp + friction factor) you have determined adds 10 F
to the dough.
The friction factor will vary
depending on hydration of water temp = (4 x 78) –
(69 + 68 + 75 + 10)
the dough and whether you
mix by hand. Most mixers add
approximately 30 F (17 C) to a water temp = 312 – 222
properly mixed hearth bread,
while hand mixing might add water temp = 90 F
about 10 F. A very wet dough
(above 80 percent hydration)
73
Process & Formulas
If the environment is warmer than fermentation cycle at the optimal

in this example, the calculated point is necessary to creating
water temperature will be cooler; a beautiful and delicious loaf
if it’s cooler, the water temp will of bread that follows a specific
be warmer. production schedule. Controlling
water temperature is a way to
FOR A BREAD WITHOUT control an important variable
A PREFERMENT and is required to get properly
Multiply the desired dough proofed dough into a wood-fired
temperature by 3 instead of 4, oven that is at the proper baking
because there is no preferment temperature.
temperature to take into account The desired-dough temperature
when determining the desired for each bread is included in the
water temperature. formula.
Calculating the proper water
temperature to start your bread’s
74
Baker’s Percentage
The baker’s percentage compares percentage of total flour weight,

the ratio of ingredients, by and the flour percentage is
weight, in a bread formula. Bread always 100. Therefore, the total
bakers find it helpful to examine percentage of a bread formula
the relative proportions of flour, has to be over 100 percent. To
water, salt, yeast and other determine the baker’s percentage
ingredients when developing of any ingredient, divide the
or troubleshooting a formula, weight of that ingredient by total
developing a new product or flour weight and multiply by 100.
getting some insight into the
rate of fermentation. This system If bakers say their formula is 75
is also known as baker’s math. percent hydrated, they mean
Ingredient weight compared there are 75 units of water for
with the total weight of flour in a every 100 units of flour. I prefer to
formula is commonly referred in use the metric system when using
the baking world as a percentage. baker’s percentage. US Standard
Measure can be used, but all
The baker’s percentage of each weights must be expressed in the
ingredient is expressed as a same units.
BAKER’S PERCENTAGE FOR A

STRAIGHT DOUGH FORMULA
INGREDIENT QUANTITY BAKER’S % COMPUTATION %
All-purpose flour 1,000 g 1,000 g ÷ 1,000 g × 100 = 100
Water 690 g 690 g ÷ 1,000 g × 100 = 69
Instant active yeast 3g 3 g ÷ 1,000 g × 100 = 0.3
Salt 20 g 20 g ÷ 1,000 g × 100 = 2
75
FLOUR
The baker’s percentage of flour in is used, add all flour weights
a formula is always 100 percent. together and divide by that
If more than one type of flour quantity. Here’s an example:
TWO-FLOUR FORMULA
INGREDIENT QUANTITY BAKER’S % COMPUTATION %
All-purpose flour 750 g 750g ÷ 1,000 × 100 = 75
Whole-wheat flour 250 g 250g ÷ 1,000g × 100 = 25
Water 690 g 690g ÷ 1,000 g × 100 = 69
Instant active yeast 3g 3g ÷ 1,000g × 100 = 0.3
Salt 20 g 20g ÷ 1,000g × 100 = 2
WATER
The percentage of water in a structure are all affected by
formula is referred to as the hydration. Hearth bread formulas
hydration. Fermentation rate, often strive for the highest
volume and interior crumb manageable hydration.
HYDRATION RANGE IN VARIOUS TYPES OF

BREAD MADE WITH WHITE FLOUR
HYDRATION RANGE DOUGH CONSISTENCY
65% or lower Firm
66–70% Soft
71% and higher Wet and sticky
76
YEAST
The percentage of commercial yeast contains more water
yeast to flour varies depending while instant active has been
on whether you’re using fresh, dehydrated, for example—and the
active dry, instant active, resulting products vary in strength
or osmotolerant. They are per unit weight.
manufactured differently—fresh
SALT
The baker’s percentage of salt in breads with a salty ingredient like
hearth bread is almost always 1.8 olives, may have a salt percentage
to 2. Enriched dough formulas, or outside this range.
TYPICAL PERCENTAGE
TYPE OF YEAST FOUND IN HEARTH
BREAD FORMULAS
Fresh yeast 1
Active dry yeast 0.4
Instant active yeast 0.3
Osmotolerant 0.4
BAKER’S PERCENTAGE FOR A BREAD FORMULA

WITH A PREFERMENT OR SOAKER
Preferments and soakers used in a water in the preferment or soaker)
bread formula are also expressed of 75 percent, for example. The
as percentage, and the percentage overall percentages are most
of each ingredient expressed as a important because they take into
percentage of total flour weight in account all the ingredients—
the preferment or soaker. A formula whether those ingredients were
can have a preferment that is 69 incorporated into the preferment(s),
percent hydrated (for every 100 soaker, or final dough.
units of flour, there are 69 units
of water) and still have an overall To determine overall baker’s
hydration (the percentage of all percentages add all quantities of
the water in the formula, including the same ingredient, divide by
77
the total quantity of flour in the soaker), and multiply by 100 to

formula (including the flour, water, express as a percentage.
et cetera in the preferment or
SAMPLE BREAD FORMULA WITH SOAKER

AND PREFERMENT: PAIN AU LEVAIN
LIQUID SOURDOUGH STARTER
INGREDIENT METRIC BAKER’S %
Water 227 g 100
Ripe, liquid sourdough starter 113 g 50
FINAL DOUGH
Whole-wheat flour 250 g 10
Water 690 g 75
Medium sea salt 3g 18
Liquid sourdough starter 20 g —
The baker’s percentage of water in the starter and final dough and
— or overall hydration — is dividing by the flour in the starter
computed by adding the water and final dough:
Water in starter 227 g All-purpose flour in starter

All-purpose flour in final dough 227 g
+ Water in final dough + 454 g
+ Whole-wheat flour + 600 g
Total water 681 g in final dough + 85 g
Total flour 912 g
So overall hydration = 681 g ÷ 912 g x 100 = 75 percent
78
SAMPLE BREAD FORMULA WITH SOAKER

AND PREFERMENT: SEVEN GRAIN
LIQUID SOURDOUGH STARTER
Water 250 g 100
Sourdough starter 15 g 12
Total 515 g —
SOAKER
Grains 180 g 100
Water 206 g 114
Honey 58 g 32
Total 444 g —
FINAL DOUGH
Whole-wheat flour 500 g 50
Water 454 g 91
Instant active yeast (optional) 2g 0.2
Salt 22 g 22
Honey — 5.8
Soaker 444 g —
Grains — 18
Starter 500 g —
Liquid sourdough starter 2,170 g —
79
The baker’s percentage of water in the starter, the soaker and final
— or overall hydration — is dough and dividing by the total
computed by adding the water flour in the starter and final dough:
Water in starter 250 g All-purpose flour in starter

All-purpose flour in final dough 250 g
+ Water in final dough + 206 g
+ Whole-wheat flour + 250 g
Total water 454 g in final dough + 500 g
Total flour 1,000 g
So overall hydration = 910 g ÷ 1,000 g x 100 = 91 percent
The preceding excerpt is from Publishing, 2013) and is reprinted

Richard Miscovich’s book From the here with permission of the publisher.
Wood-Fired Oven (Chelsea Green
80
© 2015 Craftsy.
Craftsy is not affiliated, associated, authorized, endorsed by or in any

way officially connected with any of the products featured in this video.
All product and company names, logos, brands, or other trademarks
or images featured or referred to in this video are the property of
their respective trademark holders. The use in this video of the
products and any protected intellectual property is used for illustrative
purposes, and no commercial claim to their use, or suggestion
of sponsorship, affiliation or endorsement, is made by Craftsy.
If questions come up during your class,

we’re here to help.
Just send us a note at help@craftsy.com or

visit us at www.craftsyhelp.com.
www.craftsy.com
If questions come up during your class, we’re here to help.
Just send us a note at www.craftsyhelp.com.
Course No. 80160 © 2020 Craftsy.

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THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO

Michael Kalanty has more than 20 years of baking

INGREDIENT BP% OUNCES GRAMS

Water (90 F / 32.2 C) 63% 10 oz 285 g

Dry yeast 1.6% ¼ oz 7g

Flour (all-purpose) 100% 1 lb 450 g

Salt 2.2% 1/3 oz 10 g

Ingredient Mixing Direct

Divide @ 12- to 13-oz. (340

Décor & Baking Slash 5 times with lame

Read the full story of the Bread Flavor Wheel at www.michaelkalanty.com

Zoë François is a best-selling author, renowned

No-Knead Artisan Master Recipe & Basic Boule . . . . . . . . . . 7

NO-KNEAD ARTISAN MASTER

7. At least 20 minutes before baking, set an inverted baking sheet or

SLOW-COOKER HERB BREAD

rustic crust.) Use a serrated knife to make two long slashes on a

CINNAMON APPLE SANDWICH BREAD

9. Bake for about 45 minutes, until deeply browned and firm.

PULL-APART DINNER BUNS

HERBED CRESCENT ROLLS

l 1/ cup (85 g) Tomato Sauce

NO-COOK TOMATO SAUCE

APPLE CRACKER CRUST PIZZA

BRAIDED SPINACH-FETA BREAD

ICED CINNAMON BUNS

STICKY PECAN CARAMEL ROLLS

Honey Whole-Wheat Sandwich Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

HONEY WHOLE-WHEAT SANDWICH BREAD

YIELD: makes 2 loaves (1½ lb/680 g each)

l 16 g dry yeast (21/3 packets, l 140 g warm honey (80 F/27 C)

RAISIN WHOLE-WHEAT SWIRL BREAD

RUSTIC WHOLE-WHEAT BOULE WITH WHEATBERRIES

the dough into a ball and develop of medium pressure for 3

the oven to 450 F/232 C or 415 F/213 C convection. Five minutes

Note: Soaked overnight, the wheatberries bring an al dente, trail-hiking texture

STONE-BAKED MULTI-SEED BÂTARD

Note: Up to 100 g additional water may be added to the main dough to

Richard Miscovich is an expert bread baker and

DAY 1 WEIGHT BAKER’S %

Whole rye flour 57 g 50

Combine all of the ingredients sides of the container, cover, and

DAY 2 WEIGHT BAKER’S %

Day 1 starter 108 g 95

Whole rye flour 57 g 50

DAYS 3-6 WEIGHT BAKER’S %

Water, 77 F (25 C) 140 g 84

Day 2 starter 159 g 95

All-purpose flour 167 g 100

On Day 3, begin feeding the future feedings to a minimum.)

CHOOSING A CONTAINER FOR YOUR STARTER

CARE AND FEEDING OF A LIQUID

REVIVING A DORMANT OR flour twice a day until it’s healthy,

When a starter has gone too Sourdough starters are hearty

YIELD: Two large loaves, 25 percent prefermented flour

LEVAIN WEIGHT VOLUME BAKER’S %

Water, 75 F (23.8 C) 227 g 1 cup 100

*Best measured by weight; volume varies with ripeness.

Combine water, starter and flour. visible activity before retarding