Advertising (Thematic Vocabulary)

advertisement / advert / ad / TV commercial / advertising industry / advertising campaign /

promotion / marketing

commerce / product / productivity / consume(r) / consumption / (excessive) consumerism /

consumer goods / consumer society

competition / a rise in sales / make a profit / a drop in prices / quality improvement of products

false needs / brainwashing / mislead, deceive the public / distort the truth / passive receiver /
inactive / inaction / exaggeration / materialism / materialist / manipulate the public

Road accidents (Thematic Vocabulary)

traffic jam / traffic congestion / heavy traffic / traffic tangle / flow of traffic / traffic control / traffic
signs / traffic lights / stoplights (A.E.) / traffic island / traffic court / traffic regulations / traffic
calming measures / traffic cop, policeman / traffic warden

highway code / road Traffic Act

casualties / fatalities / seriously, fatally injured / reckless driving / road sense / speed limit
violation / the toll of the roads / drive under the influence of… / drunken drive

suspend a driving license / endorse a driver’s license / heavy fine / severe penalty / issue a
ticket

number plate / license plate (A.E.) / bumpy road / pile-up / safety belt / seatbelt / helmet

The importance of the past (Thematic Vocabulary)

historical memory / cultural heritage / intellectual and spiritual heritage / national, historical
identity / national, historical conscience

self-knowledge / self-respect / self-awareness / inspiration

chain, sequence of events / remnants of the past

ancestors / predecessors

customs / habits / ideals / values / beliefs / traditions / spiritual features / accomplishments /

achievements
 Teenage issues (Thematic Vocabulary)

Teenagers / Adolescents

 imitate / seek the company of their peers

 contradict themselves
 mistrust all people holding authority (teachers, politicians etc)
 adopt new provocative ideas / contemporary trends / fads
 follow new patterns
 want to break new / fresh ground
 take initiative
 question traditional moral principles / patterns / role models
 distance themselves from their parents (alienation)
 reject the traditional system of values
 fight against the Establishment / dogmatic views
 rebel against their parents’ overprotection / restrictions
 have a revolutionary spirit
 make an idol of sb / place, put, set sb on a pedestal
 need moral support / guidance / advice
 seek attention
 feel lonely / insecure
 need to feel they’re trusted by their parents
 are /get easily carried away by their enthusiasm
 think older people are conservative, arrogant , domineering, authoritative, prejudiced,
hypocrites, puritans, strict observers of etiquette
 think there’s no point in trying to bridge the generation gap
 run the risk of becoming young offenders if not guided and advised properly (juvenile
crime / delinquency)

Vocabulary

seek→ αναζητώ, ψάχνω

peer→συνομήλικος
contradict myself→αντιφάσκω
mistrust→δυσπιστώ, δεν εμπιστεύομαι
fad→καπρίτσιο, λόξα, (περαστική) τρέλα
break new/fresh ground→ανοίγω νέο δρόμο (μεταφορικά)
initiative→πρωτοβουλία
alienation→αποξένωση, απομόνωση
the Establishment→το κατεστημένο
place/put/set sb on a pedestal→έχω κπ πολύ ψηλά, θεοποιώ κπ
strict observer of etiquette→τυπολάτρης
offender→παραβάτης
juvenile delinquency→νεανική παραβατικότητα

The media (Thematic Vocabulary)

The media can

 disorientate
 mislead / manipulate the public
 distort / disguise the truth
 alter the facts
 disseminate rumours / ideas
 play sth down (reduce the importance of sth)
 blemish / stain sb’s honour / reputation
 attain / blacken the name of sb
 harm human dignity / respectability
 cultivate passivity, fanaticism, extreme nationalism, hero cult / worship
 violate / invade sb’s privacy
 the gutter press / the muckraking press / sensationalist stories / sensationalism /
tabloids / essential, substantial knowledge / authoritative source, information / sue sb
for slander / plagiarism / plagiarism
 Unemployment (Thematic Vocabulary)

 Unemployment is one of the maladies afflicting our country

 Unemployment is the bogy of many governments
 Unemployment breeds social unrest
 Jobs are hard to come by
 unemployment benefit, dole, relief / unemployment rate
 pursue, seek a career in / work for a pittance
 seasonal employment / permanent appointment / occupational, vocational guidance /
vocational rehabilitation / vocational training / professional qualifications / formal
qualifications
 manual labour / labour market / labour relations / menial work / odd jobs / an odd-job
man / on-the-job training / become redundant / redundancy pay
 trade union / trade unionism (-ist) / white collar jobs

Computers / The Internet (Thematic Vocabulary)

Advantages of using computers in the classroom

 Students can learn how to make improved reports and presentations by using
software such as Microsoft Word, Excel and Powerpoint.
 Students can take advantage of the many lesson samples available online to
enhance their studies.
 Learning how to efficiently operate a computer, prepares the student for today’s
world.
 Children have to learn about the technology that they will be working with when they
grow up. The sooner they learn how to use it, the more they will know about it when
the time comes. This is the number one reason why computers are important in the
classroom. It gives all kids a chance to learn about it, not just those who can afford to
have one in their homes.
 Knowledge Availability - When there are computers in the classroom, there is also
more knowledge. If the computers are on the internet, kids have an easier time
finding the information they need to get good grades. They can look things up quickly
and efficiently right from the classroom. They don't have to spend as much time to
find good information on any subject area.
 Teachers become more like “facilitators” and guide students through their own
personal online-journey.
 Students that are shy and do not excel in general topics may find great success at an
online-option and lesson plans.

Disadvantages of using computers in the classroom

 Students can become easily distracted by computer games and Internet games
causing them to forget or ignore their homework.
 Installing and maintaining enough computers so that they are an effective learning
tool is very costly and often over the budget of the school.
 Some experts argue that teaching students by using a computer denies them
opportunities to interact with the teacher and with their peers and does not encourage
creativity.
Advantages of the Internet
Some of the things you can do via the Internet are:
 E-mail: E-mail is an online correspondence system. With e-mail you can send and
receive electronic messages, which are delivered instantly to people anywhere in the
world, unlike traditional mail that takes a lot of time.
 Access Information: The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind
of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The ‘search
engines’ on the Internet can help you to find data on any subject that you need.
 News: You can get the latest news of the world on the Internet. Most of the
newspapers of the world are also available on the Internet.
 Searching Jobs: You can search different types of jobs all over the world, Most of
the organizations/departments around the world, advertise their vacant vacancies on
the Internet. You can even apply for the required job through the Internet.
  Advertisement: Today, most of the commercial organizations advertise their
products on the Internet. It is a very cheap and efficient way for the promotion of
goods to people around the world.
 Shopping: Along with getting information on the Internet, you can also shop online.
There are many online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well
as buy them using your credit card. You do not need to leave your house and can do
all your shopping from the convenience of your home.
 Online Chat: There are many ‘chat rooms’ on the web that can be accessed to meet
new people, make new friends, as well as to stay in touch with old friends.
 Downloading Software: You can download innumerable games, music, videos,
movies, and a host of other entertainment software from the Internet, most of which
are free.

Disadvantages of the Internet

There are certain cons and dangers relating to the use of Internet that can be summarized as:
 Personal Information: If you use the Internet, your personal information such as
your name, address, etc. can be accessed by other people. If you use a credit card to
shop online, then your credit card information can also be ‘stolen’ which could be
similar to giving someone a blank check.
 Pornography: This is a very serious issue concerning the Internet, especially when it
comes to young children. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet
that can be easily found and thus be detrimental to children.
 Security Problems: The valuable websites can be damaged by hackers and your
valuable data may be deleted. Similarly, confidential data may be accessed by
unauthorized persons.
 Accuracy of Information: A lot of information about a particular topic is stored on
the websites. Some information may be incorrect or not authentic. So, it becomes
difficult to select the correct information. Sometimes you may be confused.
 Waste of time: A lot of time is wasted to collect the information on the Internet. Some
people waste a lot of time chatting or playing games. At home and offices, a lot of
people use the Internet without any positive purpose.
 Isolation, introversion, unsociability, addiction, passivity, inaction, incivism
 Spamming: This refers to sending unsolicited e-mails in bulk, which serve no
purpose and unnecessarily clog up the entire system. They often carry viruses and
bugs which can harm PCs.

Safety tips for networking

 Tell your parents when you are on line
 Post your family’s e-mail address, not your own
 Do not give out your home address
 Do not use your real name
 Never agree to meet anyone without telling your parents
 Do not reply to strange e-mails
 Do not send photographs of yourself
 Stop right away if you read something upsetting
The advantages and disadvantages of television

Nowadays many people all over the world spend most of their free time watching television; but since
its appearance, television has brought to man many advantages as well as disadvantages.
First, television plays an important role in our daily activities: it keeps us informed of all current affairs
in the world. Events through television are more vivid than those through books and magazines.
Second, television helps us enrich our spiritual lives. Our knowledge is broadened in many ways.
Through language teaching programs, we can learn the language we like such as English, French,
German, Chinese, Japanese and so on. We can become skillful and clever at doing jobs, making
cakes or arranging flowers through practical courses taught on television.
Finally, television is a source of recreation. Humorous stories and funny films bring us minutes of
relaxation after a hard day’s work. For me, sitting comfortably in an armchair to watch an international
football match on television is more interesting than having to queue for tickets at a crowded stadium.
Apart from its advantages, however, television also brings lots of disadvantages to viewers too.
First, television viewers gradually become passive in their action. Television may be a splendid means
of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other or with the outer world. The
world seen through television is only the restricted one; it separates us from the real world.
Second, television with its fascinating power, makes people of all ages sink into oblivion. Whole
generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Pupils and students are so absorbed in television that
they neglect their school activities. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and lessons unprepared.
Instead of watching television, we may use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of
television, we may sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another to know and like
each other better.
Finally, the evil influence of television on the young generation is inevitable; it encourages them to
commit crimes. Spectacles of sadism and violence on television lead them to robbery, theft, rape and
murder.
In a nutshell, television is useful to us when we know how to use it. Be careful not to overindulge
ourselves in it and use it in a discerning manner.

Improper role modes (Keypoints)

Parents should:

 Try to develop an open and honest relationship with their children

 Be understanding and ready to talk about their children’s problems and offer
advice
 Try to make them reliable and independent individuals / Make them feel that
they can be trusted
 Help them uncover and develop their skills and abilities
 Help them realize that TV fame is only a fad
 Make them realize that professional success does not necessarily entail
recognizability or TV stardom

School should:

 Offer sound career advice (career centers/specialist career advisors/talks

with professionals)
 Encourage students to unravel/develop their natural talents
 Ways to boost population movement to the country (Keypoints)

Individuals

 Should realize that city life is stressful

 They have to travel long distances every day
 Heavy traffic / Pollution
 They have to face a high crime rate
 They can’t raise their kids in safety
 Only by moving to the country will they be able to lead a better-quality life

State

 Measures to create more job opportunities in the country

 Financial support to employers who set up business in rural areas or move their business
from the city
 Measures to improve facilities in rural areas
 Medical care / Educational facilities / Recreational facilities Motives for young people to
remain in their hometowns / for city dwellers to move

Qualities of a good parent (Keypoints)

Parents should

 be understanding, supportive, caring, patient, fair-minded

 be trustworthy so that their kids can confide in them
 respect their kids’ personality and feelings
 listen to their problems
 offer guidance and sound advice
 try to build a healthy relationship with their kids based on mutual trust and respect
 act as role models through their own behavior and actions
 develop their kids’ skills and natural talents
 cultivate fruitful cooperation towards the solution of their common problems
 share moments of fun and joy with them
 help them become responsible adults
 teach them the principles of honesty, fairness, emulation, justice, forgiveness
 be ready to apologize when they make a mistake, thus setting a good example for their
kids
 help their kids express their inner thoughts, fears and anxieties
 teach them moral values (respect for every human being, conviction of racial
discrimination, human rights)

Parents should not

 practice corporal punishment

 be critical
 be overprotective but help their kids become independent and find their feet
 spoil their kids by indulging their whims
Practical considerations when deciding on a career (keypoints)
 Very important – it’s pointless studying sth there is no demand for, because you
may never get a job doing it
 We need to work to earn money to survive – life is getting more and more
difficult, expensive, stressful – it’s too hard if you don’t have a good job
 Society works on the principle of supply and demand – we will only find a job if
there is a demand for what we do

Less practical considerations

 If you don’t like your job, you’ll live a very unhappy life studying and working at it
 You also won’t do it well if you don’t like it
 It’s important to be the best at what you do, since there is so much competition –
you can’t be the best unless it’s sth you love
Environment
General vocabulary

acid rain

aerosol

animal activist

biodegradable  βιοδιασπώμενος

biodiversity  βιοποικιλότητα

carbon dioxide/monoxide

climate change

conservation  (οικολογική) προστασία/διατήρηση

deforestation / reforestation

desertification  ερημοποίηση

detergent  απορρυπαντικό

endangered species

(solar/wind/nuclear)energy

exhaust fumes  καυσαέρια

extinction  εξάλειψη, αφανισμός

fertilizer  λίπασμα

fossil fuels  ορυκτά καύσιμα

genetically-modified foods (GM foods) γενετικά τροποποιημένα τρόφιμα

global warming

greenhouse effect  φαινόμενο θερμοκηπίου

natural resources  φυσικοί πόροι

(non)-renewable resources

oil slick  πετρελαιοκηλίδα

ozone layer  στρώμα όζοντος

pesticide  παρασιτοκτόνο, ζιζανιοκτόνο

pollution

protected animal

rainforest

smog  smoke+fog νέφος

solar energy/panels

sustainable development αειφόρος ανάπτυξη, βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη

unleaded petrol  αμόλυβδη βενζίνη

urbanization  αστικοποίηση

(nuclear/ radioactive/toxic) waste  απόβλητα

wildlife

Environment - Natural Disasters

drought  ξηρασία, ανομβρία

earthquake

flood  πλημμύρα

forest fires

tidal wave=tsunami

hurricane /typhoon τυφώνας

volcanic eruption

Environment - Verbs

conserve  συντηρώ, διατηρώ, εξοικονομώ

cut down

contaminate  μολύνω

destroy

die out  εκλείπω (για είδη)

diminish  ελαττώνομαι, μειώνομαι, λιγοστεύω

dispose (of)  πετώ, ξεφορτώνομαι

dump  πετώ (στα σκουπίδια), χωματερή

emit  εκπέμπω, αποβάλλω (συνήθως αέριο)

erode  διαβρώνω

exhaust=dry up  εξαντλώ, στερεύω

protect

pollute

recycle

save

throw away

EDUCATION (THEMATIC VOCABULARY)

 to attend classes: to go to classes

 bachelors degree: an undergraduate course which usually lasts 3-4 years
 boarding school: a school where pupils live during term time
 curriculum: all courses offered at a school
 extracurricular activities : programs and activities that take place at a school outside official
cources
 distance learning: a way of studying where tuition is carried out over the Internet or by post
 face-to-face classes: as opposed to distance learning the traditional way of studying in a
classroom with colleagues and a teacher
 to fall behind with your studies: to progress less quickly than others
 a gap year: to take a year out between high school and university
 to give feedback: to offer guidance on a student’s work
 a graduation ceremony: an event where a successful student receives his or her academic
degree
 higher education: education, usually in a college or university, that is followed after high
school or secondary school
 an intensive course: a course that offers lots of training in order to reach a goal in as short a
time as possible
 to keep up with your studies: to not fall behind
 to learn something by heart: to memorize it
 literate: to be able to read and write (as opposed to illiterate)
 the literacy rate: the percentage of people in a country or region able to read and write (as
opposed to the illiteracy rate)
 a mature student: a student who is older than average and who has usually returned to
education after a period at work
 masters degree: a period of study which often follows the completion of a bachelors degree
or is undertaken by someone regarded as capable of a higher-level academic course
 to meet a deadline: to finish a job or task in the time allowed or agreed
 to play truant: to stay away from classes without permission
 private language school: an independent school run as a business concern
 a single-sex school: a school where only boys or girls attend (as opposed to a mixed-sex
school)
 to sit an exam: to take an exam
 state school: a school paid for by public funds and available to the general public
 subject specialist: a teacher who has a great deal of knowledge about the subject they teach.
 to take a year out: to spend a year working or travelling before starting university
 tuition fees: the money paid for a course of study
 to work your way through university: to have a paid job whilst studying to support
yourself financially
SCHOOL SUBJECTS
 maths
 language (ancient Greek/modern Greek)
 science (physics/biology/chemistry)
 geography
 religious instruction/studies (RI)
 physical education (PE)
 history
 art / music
 home economics
 information technology, computer studies/science