DC Pro Presentation
DC Pro Presentation
DC Pro Presentation
District Cooling
Sustainable Design
◦ Central Chilled Water plants existed in the Middle East as early as the 1960’s. Few examples are
old Beirut Airport and American University of Beirut.
◦ First District Cooling utility company started in Abu Dhabi in 1998 by building a 4,000 Ton Gas
Engine Driven Centrifugal Chillers plant serving the military maintenance facilities.
◦ By the end of 2006 more than 500,000 Tons of District Cooling Plants were operational with
investments exceeding US $1.1 Billion.
◦ In 2015 the District Cooling industry jumped to over 5 Million Tons in the GCC countries
equivalent to the total United States for the past 100 years.
◦ According to new market research study, the District Cooling market is expected to reach US$ 29
Billion by 2020 at a CGAR of 11.4%.
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Why District Cooling
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Top Countries
Ecological Foot Print
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Regional
Electricity Consumption
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Regional
Electricity Consumption
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District Cooling
Main Drivers
Developers
Up to 8% Capital Cost Savings
Environment
Reduction of CO2 and Refrigerant Emissions by 40 to 70%
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District Cooling
Sustainable Designs
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District Cooling Plants
Sustainable Design
◦ High reliability.
◦ 99.96% Availability ( Less than 3.5 Hours Total Outage per Year)
◦ Maintainability.
◦ Ability to clean condenser tubes once a year in less than 4 working Hours per
condenser.
◦ Ability to remove any component in the plant within 8 working hours.
◦ Good Aesthetics.
◦ As Judged by general public
Series Counter flow vs. Parallel
Chillers’ arrangement
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour of the day (Typical Peak summer Day)
District Cooling Plants
Sustainable Design
◦ Desalinated Fresh Water in UAE is very soft and has salt content of 150
ppm. Hence # of cycle of concentration is 5 and the blow-down from the
cooling tower is 1.8 Lit/ton-Hr (0.475 US Gal / Ton-Hr) making the total
water usage of (9.0 Lit/ton-Hr (2.375 US Gal / Ton-Hr).
◦ Treated Sewage Effluent (TSE) is rich in nitrate and other dissolved solid.
The # of cycle of concentration is 2.5 and the blow-down from the cooling
tower is 4.8 Lit/ton-Hr (1.27 US Gal / Ton-Hr) making the total TSE water
usage of (12.0 Lit/ton-Hr (3.17 US Gal / Ton-Hr).
District Cooling Plants
Sustainable Design
◦ The best application for Cooling Tower water optimization is to utilize TSE
water when available and fresh water when TSE water is short. Hence the
plant is designed to operate with both water sources with separate tank
and pumping arrangement for each.
◦ Install low voltage MCC under transformers directly and close to the
pumps in the basement level to minimize cable runs.
District Cooling Plants
Sustainable Design
◦ Industrial control based on PLC and SCADA that communicate directly with
electric equipment switchgear and can communicate Industrial
communication protocol’s that generate automated online, hourly, daily,
weekly and monthly reports on plant power and water consumption.
◦ Manpower Planning: Minimize the number of staff for maximum two per
day shift to carry out routine maintenance and water testing and one per
afternoon or night shift.
Demand Cooling Load - Ton 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Chiller Capacity - Ton 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Chiller CHW Flow - GPM 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750
Number of Operating Chillers 2 3 4 4 6 8
Chiller % Loading 100.0% 75.0% 62.5% 50.0% 37.5% 25.0%
Chilled water supply Temp. - OF 40 40 40 40 40 40
Chilled water return Temp. - OF 56 52 50 48 44 44
PCWP Pump 63 125 0.025 188 0.038 250 0.050 250 0.050 375 0.075 500 0.100
SCWP Pump 25 0.005 59 0.012 102 0.020 200 0.040 474 0.095 1,600 0.320
CCP Pump 175 350 0.070 525 0.105 700 0.140 700 0.140 1,050 0.210 1,400 0.280
CT Fan 75 150 0.030 225 0.045 300 0.060 300 0.060 450 0.090 600 0.120
Chiller Compressor 3,347 0.669 3,367 0.673 3,490 0.698 3,694 0.739 4,112 0.822 4,928 0.986
Plant Auxilliaries 250 0.050 250 0.050 250 0.050 250 0.050 250 0.050 250 0.050
Total Plant 4,247 0.849 4,614 0.923 5,093 1.019 5,394 1.079 6,711 1.342 9,278 1.856
% Increase Base 8.6% 19.9% 27.0% 58.0% 118.5%
• This will resolve low Delta syndrome and save pumping energy at all level.
• Improve plant room efficiency.
• Improve Thermal storage tank capacity.
Typical ETS BIM
with Brazed HX
Thank you
www.dcproeng.com
gberbari@dcproeng.com
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