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  • Electrochemistry Part 1

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    Shofwa Annisaa
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    Electrochemistry involves the interconversion of electrical and chemical energy through oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species. Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons. The species being oxidized is the reducing agent and the species being reduced is the oxidizing agent. Redox reactions can be balanced by determining the oxidation states of elements and balancing atoms, charge, and electrons through the ion-electron or half-reaction methods.

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    Electrochemistry involves the interconversion of electrical and chemical energy through oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species. Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons. The species being oxidized is the reducing agent and the species being reduced is the oxidizing agent. Redox reactions can be balanced by determining the oxidation states of elements and balancing atoms, charge, and electrons through the ion-electron or half-reaction methods.

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    30 views10 pages

    Electrochemistry Part 1

    Uploaded by

    Shofwa Annisaa
    Electrochemistry involves the interconversion of electrical and chemical energy through oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species. Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons. The species being oxidized is the reducing agent and the species being reduced is the oxidizing agent. Redox reactions can be balanced by determining the oxidation states of elements and balancing atoms, charge, and electrons through the ion-electron or half-reaction methods.

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    of 10

    CHAPTER I

    Here starts
    the lesson!
    Mind Maping
    Introduction
    ü Electrochemistry is the study of
    electrical energy and chemical energy.
    ü Some chemical reactions produce
    electricity or electricity causes the
    reactions take place.
    ü In 1771 Luigi Galvani, Italian anatomist,
    discovered a new form of electricity
    could be produced by living tissue.
    ü In 1800’s Italian physicist Alessandro
    Volta built a battery.
    01

    Oxidation-Reduction
    Reactions
    Electron transfer reactions are called oxidation - Example 1
    reduction or redox reactions.
    a. Oxidation is loss of electrons, increase in
    oxidation state, and addition of oxygen Mg and O2 react to form MgO. What are the
    b. Reduction is gain of electrons, decrease in oxidizing and reducing agents?
    oxidation state, and removal of oxygen
    Solution
    2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)

    In the reaction above, Na undergoes oxidation 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO


    process and Cl2 undergoes reduction process. Na is
    called oxidized, and Cl2 is called reduced substance.

    Ø The substance being oxidized is called


    reducing agent. Ø Mg undergoes oxidation process, it is called
    Ø The substance being reduced is called reducing agent.
    oxidizing agent. Ø O2 undergoes reduction process, it is called
    oxidizing agent.
    Here, Na is reducing agent, while Cl2 is oxidizing
    agent.
    Example 2

    Find the oxidation state of metals in the following


    species.
    A. FeO
    B. KMnO4
    C. Na2Cr2O7

    Example 3

    Find the oxidation state of indicated atoms in the


    following species.
    A. PO4-3
    B. CO3-2
    C. K2CrO4
    Half Reactions Example 4

    In redox reactions both oxidation and reduction


    processes occur at the same time. Following Find the half reactions of the reaction between
    redox reaction can be divided into two half potassium metal with water to produce
    reactions; hydrogen gas and potassium hydroxide.

    Solution
    Zn(s) + Cu+2(aq) → Zn+2(aq) + Cu(s) K(s) + H2O(l) → KOH(aq) + H2(g)

    Oxidation :
    Oxidation : Zn(s) → Zn+2
    (aq) + 2e- Reduction:
    Reduction: Cu (aq) + 2e → Cu(s)
    +2 -

    Net Reaction: Zn(s) + Cu+2(aq) → Zn+2(aq) + Cu(s)


    02

    Balancing Redox
    Reactions
    By Change in Oxidation
    State Method
    The steps are as follows: Example 1
    1. Determine the oxidation and reduction Balance the following redox reaction by the
    reactions by looking at the change in the change in oxidation state method.
    oxidation number, write down how much
    the oxidation number changes. IO3- + AsO3-3 → I- + AsO4-3
    2. Balance the number of atoms left = right
    (redox only)
    3. Determine the electron change and Example 2
    equate (cross times) Balance the following redox reaction by the
    4. Balance the charge with; change in oxidation state method.
    Acidic condition, add H+
    Alkaline condition, add OH- Al + Br2 → AlBr3
    5. Finally, balance the number of H atoms
    on the left and right sides by adding H2O
    By Half Reaction Method
    1. Write down the reduction half-reaction Example 3
    and the oxidation half-reaction
    respectively and balance the elements Balance the following redox reaction in acidic
    that undergo the change medium by half reaction method.
    2. Add one molecule of H2O to;
    • The part that lacks one O atom, for Fe+2 + Cr2O7-2 → Fe+3 + Cr+3
    acidic conditions
    • The part with an excess of one O
    atom, for alkaline conditions
    3. Balance the hydrogen by adding;
    • H+ ions for acidic conditions
    • OH- Ions for alkaline conditions
    4. Balance the charge by adding electrons
    5. Balance the electrons for each reaction,
    then add them up.

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