Self-instructed

Module in
English 8

Third Quarter: Overcoming Challenges

Name: ___________________________________
Address: __________________________________________
Contact No.: _________________________

1
Introduction
A Learning Module in English for Grade 8 Students is
an interactive module designed to meet the needs of the
21st century learners. It is anchored on a holistic approach
in developing the basic learning competencies in English of
the K-12Basic Education Curriculum. The lessons per
quarter are presented in spiral progression to achieve
proficiency in the seven domains of learning divided into five
sub-strands: listening, speaking, reading, writing and
viewing. This module focuses on Afro-Asian literatures
which bring the students to the wonderful world of Africa
and Asia. The reading texts and activities are carefully
chosen to tailor fit the interests of the students and to instill
in them sense of diversity, sensitivity and multiculturalism.
With this module, the author hopes that the learner would
be a proficient language learner ready to compete not only in
the local but also in the global arena.
Welcome to Grade 8! With your learning experiences
in Grade7 last year, I am pretty sure that you completely
understand your identity as a Filipino. You also had
exciting and interesting activities that made you realize
how unique you are as a Filipino and as an individual.
However, you have to remember that as Filipinos, we are
just one of the many groups of people belonging to a
bigger global group we call as Afro-Asia. Through this
module, you would gain knowledge on Afro-Asian
families and learn their values, customs traditions and
practices.

Objectives:

2
  Analyze intention of words or expressions used in
propaganda techniques EN8V-IIIg-26

 Examine biases (for or against) made by the author

EN8RC-IIIg3.1.12
 Determine various social, moral, and economic issues
discussed in the text listened to. EN8LC-IIIh-7.4
 Analyze literature as a mirror to a shared heritage of
people with diverse backgrounds
 Use appropriate cohesive devices in various types of
speech

MODULE 1: Overcoming Challenges

LESSON 1: Recognizing Propaganda Techniques

Used in a Given Text

Propaganda Techniques
Propaganda is a modern Latin word, ablative singular
feminine of the gerundive form of propagare, meaning to
spread or to propagate, thus propaganda means for that
which is to be propagated. Originally this word derived from
a new administrative body of the Catholic Church
(congregation) created in 1622 as part of the Counter-
Reformation, called the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide
(Congregation for Propagating the Faith), or informally
simply Propaganda. Its activity was aimed at "propagating"
the Catholic faith in non-Catholic countries.

3
 From the 1790s, the term began being used also to refer
to propaganda in secular activities. The term began taking a
pejorative or negative connotation in the mid-19 th century,
when it was used in the political sphere.

There are seven different types of propaganda techniques.

This includes:
1. Bandwagon Propaganda
As human beings, we have this innate desire to fit in.
And that’s exactly the kind of follow-the-herd mentality
this technique follows.
Bandwagon propaganda is all about persuading the
target audience to take action. It’s about creating an urge
amongst people to become a part of the “in crowd”.
To enforce such a feeling, advertisers typically use
phrases like, “join the crowd” or “trending now” for their
products and services.

Propaganda Examples:
Have a look at these examples right here:
Notice how Maybelline uses the phrase “America’s
Favorite”?
That’s a way of persuading people to use the product
because it is loved by all of America. Pretty smart, isn’t
it?

2. Card Stacking Propaganda

Now, this technique is perhaps most popularly used. It
involves the deliberate omission of certain facts to fool the
target audience. The term card stacking originates from
4
gambling and occurs when players try to stack decks in their
favor. A similar ideology is used by companies to make their
products appear better than they actually are.
Most brands use this propaganda technique to downplay
unsavory details about their products and services. For
instance, some companies may cleverly conceal “hidden
charges” and only talk about the benefits of their products
and services’
Examples of Propaganda
For instance, take a look at this advertisement by Burger
King. Notice how they’re (almost desperately) trying to
highlight their “low calorie” fries. Assuming they are low
calorie, fried food is bad for your health, anyway.
https://advergize.com/advertising/examples-of
propaganda/
Also, they’ve clearly left out details about how these fries
still taste good despite the low trans-fat content.

3. Plain Folks Propaganda

Have you ever noticed how some brands use ordinary

folks to promote their products and services as opposed to
celebrities?
The ultimate goal here is to demonstrate how the
product is meant for everybody and will provide value to
everyone. This method is commonly used in the world of
advertising as the general public has started to grow
skeptical towards paid celebrity endorsements. Today,
buyers are on the lookout for REAL experiences instead of
the glossy images portrayed on television.
5
Propaganda Examples:
Take a look at this advertisement right here. It uses a
sweet-looking girl to appeal to the audience. The main
purpose of the ad is to promote healthy and simple living.
https://advergize.com/advertising/examples-of
propaganda/

4. Testimonial Propaganda
Testimonial propaganda is popular advertising technique
that uses renowned or celebrity figures to endorse products
and services. Now in this case, when a famous person
vouches for something, viewers are likely to take account of
the credibility and popularity of that person.
This establishes trust and boosts the credibility of that
brand. Consequently, some brands may also use figures like
doctors and engineers (basically experts) to promote their
products and services.
Example of Testimonial Propaganda
Here’s an example:
https://advergize.com/advertising/examples-of
propaganda/

Similarly, PepsiCo has continued to use big names such

as Shakira, Kanye West, Beyoncé and many more to endorse
Pepsi.

5. Glittering Generalities Propaganda

6
 Glittering generalities is a propaganda technique where
propagandists use emotional appeal or/and vague
statements to influence the audience.
Advertising agencies thus use of phrases like as
“inspiring you from within” or “to kick-start your day” to
create positive anecdotes. This makes the product look more
appealing, resulting in better sales.
For better effect, brands may use hyperboles, metaphors
or lyrical phrases to attract more attention.
Example of Glittering Generalities Propaganda
https://advergize.com/advertising/examples-of
propaganda/

6. Name Calling Propaganda

Now, this type of propaganda uses a completely opposite
approach to glittering generalities. As the name suggests,
this propaganda technique involves using derogatory
phrases to create a negative opinion about someone or some
other brand.
Consequently, the brand may also speak negatively
about an idea. For instance, a company that sells plant-
based products may talk about how inhumane it is to kill
animals. For this purpose, they may also criticize fast food
chains businesses.

7. Transfer Propaganda
This type of propaganda uses a technique to project
certain qualities (this can either be positive or negative) of a
person, ideology or object to other things and people.

7
 This kind of propaganda uses many different symbols to
achieve a favorable outcome.

Examples of Propaganda
For example, major soft-drink brands were accused of
having traces of pesticides a couple of years ago. While these
allegations were on the rise, the entire carbonated-drink
industry took a hit. During this same period, fruit juices and
other drinks were able to do great business. Source:
https://advergize.com/advertising/examples-of
propaganda/
8. Red Herring
A red herring is a fallacy argument that distracts from
the original topic. Some may refer to this type of argument
as a "smoke screen."
Red herrings are frequently used in:
• Mystery, thriller and dramatic novels
• Political speeches
• Children's conversations with their parents
• Business announcements
• Government information releases
• Controversial conversations
Common Red Herrings
• In business, arguing against giving raises - "Sure, we
haven't given raises in over five years to our employees. You
know, we work really hard to make a good product. We try to
ensure the best customer service, too."
• In government, arguing for raising taxes - "We need more
revenue to support the programs that we have. Children are
our future. Let's support children."
8
• In politics, defending one's own policies regarding public
safety - "I have worked hard to help eliminate criminal
activity. What we need is economic growth that can only
come from the hands of leadership."
• In conversation, in arguing against gay marriage rights - "I
don't think that there should be marriage among
homosexuals. Anyway, taxes on married people are high. I
think that taxes on the married are just ridiculous."
• In a mystery novel - Vivid descriptions are given of a
masked intruder who enters the room where the murdered
person is ultimately found. These descriptions lead the
reader to assume that this masked intruder was the killer.
• In business, defending layoffs - "Unfortunately we have to
lay off 5% of the workforce. It's important for us to note that
the product we create is exceptionally flawless and we thank
our manufacturing department for that."
• In government, to avoid discussing a delicate topic - "I
understand you want to know what happened at the
embassy. What is really important is to talk about whether
the government has enough cash flow to stay open through
the month."
• In politics, to defend one's voting past - "While you may
have concerns about my votes about the environment, I can
assure you that I am an open minded individual. What we
should really discuss is my record on votes that expanded
educational opportunities for all children."
• In conversation - "I am pretty sure that evolution is not a
very good explanation for human life. Anyway, I am pretty
offended that anyone would suggest that I came from a
monkey."
9
• In business, arguing in favor of an increase in health care
contributions from employees - "We are going to be forced to
increase the amount of your contribution to your health care
costs by 10%. Do note that we continue to provide lunches
at a standard cost in the cafeteria, and we know what a huge
benefit that is for most workers!"
• In government, defending one's inaction in regards to
increased crime - "The crime in this city, has, in fact
increased lately. However, let's consider that the weather has
changed as well. Things change over time. Sometimes they
are linked, sometimes they are not, but only time will tell."
• In conversation - "When you start saying things to me like I
need to eat healthier or get more exercise, that says to me
that you think I'm fat. I like me, and I like the way I look and
more people should have better self-esteem."

9. Loaded Words
Loaded words, also known as weasel words, are words
that are very descriptive and filled with emotion. These
words are used to capture the consumers’ attention and
influence their actions. They can be used in both a positive
and negative way and appear in all sorts of advertisements.
Using words with strong positive or negative
connotations, or associations. These words make you feel a
certain way.
Use “loaded” words like:
• New
• Improved
• Best

10
Use of words that will make people feel strongly about
something that will make people feel strongly about
something or someone.
• Hate
• Love

ACTIVITY 1: Fill me out!

Directions: Cut out two magazines ads or select two radio or

TV ads. Analyze the ads you have selected using the form
below. Fill out form per advertisement.
1.Title of the Ad: ______________________________________
Taken from: ____magazine _____radio ____TV
Brand and Product name:
__________________________________
Medium:
___________________________________________________________
______
Basic Message: ___________________________________________
Visual Message: (if is taken form magazine or TV)
_____________________________________
Catchy Words:
_____________________________________________
Propaganda Technique Used and How:
________________________________________
Persuasion Rating: (to what extent from scale of 1-5, you are
convinced)__________________
11
 (1- Yawn; 5- I’m sold on this product.)

2. Title of the Ad: ______________________________________

Taken from: ____magazine _____radio ____TV

Brand and Product name:

__________________________________
Medium:
___________________________________________________________
______
Basic Message: ___________________________________________
Visual Message: (if is taken form magazine or TV)
_____________________________________
Catchy Words:
_____________________________________________
Propaganda Technique Used and How:
________________________________________
Persuasion Rating: (to what extent from scale of 1-5, you are
convinced)__________________
(1- Yawn; 5- I’m sold on this product.)

Generalization:
1. Why is it important to know how to balance if a
propaganda is right to believe or not?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. Among all the propaganda techniques, what technique
you will be easily convinced? Why?

12
 _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

Module 2: Overcoming Challenges

Lesson 1: Examining Author’s Bias

What is a bias? Bias occurs when one displays a

partiality for or prejudice against someone, something, or
some idea. Sometimes biases are readily identifiable in
direct statements. Other times a writer's choice of words,
selection of facts or examples, or tone of voice reveals his or
her biases.
We all have biases that reflect our opinions and our
outlooks about life. That is perfectly normal and simply part
of being human. Therefore, nearly every piece of writing
exhibits some sort of bias. A reader's job is to recognize
biases and think critically about them to determine how
much they affect a writer's presentation of his or her
subject.

What is Bias in Writing?

Bias in writing can be defined as:
• A prejudice against something an author is writing about.
Lesson

Examining Author’s Bias

• Favoritism for something an author is writing about.
• An author letting feelings or emotions cloud his/her
objectivity with regard to something he/she is writing about.
Recognizing Bias
13
• Look for loaded words – words that are charged with
emotion (whether positive or negative) can reveal an author’s
opinion about his/her topic.
• Watch out for stereotypes – if the author labels an entire
group, the writing is probably biased.
• Notice vague language or generalizations – if the author
isn’t using specific language, this could be an indicator of
bias.
• Be on the lookout for one-sided arguments – if the author
only presents one side of an argument, his/her writing is
probably biased.
• Does the author present facts or opinions? Facts are what
they are – the truth.
But opinions can be based on feelings, emotions, or
prejudices, which aren’t objective.

An Example of Bias:
When I met with Mayor Geovelli, I noticed that he had the
appearance of a hobo (a loaded, negatively charged word).
He was unshaved and wearing dirty clothes (one sided –
notice that the author doesn’t tell us why the Mayor was
dressed this way. Maybe there was a good reason). He spoke
to me about his horrible plan to fix our city’s roads (vague
language
– what specifically is horrible about it?). Anyone who knows
the plan will tell you that it will bankrupt our city (is this a
fact or opinion? The author offers no supporting evidence).
The plan to fix our roads mostly benefits friends of the
Mayor. He plans to pay his buddies in the construction
business thousands of dollars over the next two years. I do
not want to insult anyone, but the Mayor is of Italian
14
decent, and we all know what reputation they have in this
part of the country. Need I remind you of Al Capone and
other Italian Mafia members? (This is clearly a stereotype –
not all Italians are mobsters).

ACTIVITY 2: True or False

Do you now know what bias is and how to identify them? I

know it wouldn’t be that easy. However, I hope you are able
to understand the general idea of bias. Read each of the
following statements carefully. Write T if the statement is
True and F if it is False.

_____1. Everyone can be biased.

_____2. Bias is a subjective way of thinking that tells only
one side of a story.
_____3. Sometimes it leads to inaccurate information or a
false impression.

_____4. There is a possible bias when the writer is relying on

incomplete information.
_____5. There is no bias if the author succeeds in convincing
the readers to agree with his ideas.

Module 3: Overcoming Challenges

Lesson 1: Determining the Stand of the Speaker on a
Given Issue

When someone is talking and giving his stand, we listen

and understand. As a listener, you can make a conscious
effort to hear and understand the complete message spoken,
15
rather than just passively hearing it from the speaker.
Sometimes we are not aware of how to separate the truth
from the message that is misleading or even blatantly false,
nor is it always clear which messages intend to help the
listener and which ones are merely self-serving for the
speaker. Part of being a good listener is to learn to evaluate
messages we hear and react accordingly.

LISTEN TO RESPOND:
Active listening definition
Active listening requires the listener to fully concentrate,
understand, respond, and then remember what is being
said. You make a conscious effort to hear and understand
the complete message being spoken, rather than just
passively hear the message of the speaker.

Why is listening important?

Listening is the most fundamental component of
communication skills. Listening is not something that just
happens. Listening is an active process in which a
conscious decision is made to listen to and understand the
messages of the speaker.
Active listening is also about patience listeners should
not interrupt with questions or comments.

Listening vs. hearing

Hearing is an accidental and automatic brain response
to sound that requires no effort. We are surrounded by
sounds most of the time. For example, we are accustomed to
the sounds of cars, construction workers, and so on. We

16
hear those sounds and, unless we have a reason to do
otherwise, we learn to ignore them.

Hearing is:
 Accidental
 Involuntary
 Effortless
Listening, on the other hand, is purposeful and focused
rather than accidental. As a result, it requires motivation
and effort. Listening, at its best, is active, focused,
concentrated attention to understand the meanings
expressed by a speaker.
Listening is:
 Focused
 Voluntary
 Intentional

SIGNALS THAT CAN BE NOTED FROM THE SPEAKER’S

TALK

EXPLICIT SIGNALS - are signals directly stated. Such

signals may be noted, for example, in the following phrases.

1. I do agree with... 6. I hold the view that….

2. I believe that... 7. I’d like to point out that….
3. I certainly feel ... 8. From my perspective….
4. I think…. 9. From my point of view….
5. In my view…. 10. It seems to me that….

Example:
17
 I believe that for the rest of the world, contemporary USA
is an almost symbolic concentration of all the best and the
worst of our civilization. On the other hand, there are its
profound commitment to enhancing civil liberty in
maintaining the strength of its democratic institutions, and
the fantastic development in science and technology which
have contributed so much to our well-being on the other,
there is the blind worship of perpetual economic growth and
consumption, regardless of their destructive impact on the
environment, on how subject they are to materialism and
consumerism, or how, they, through the omnipresence of
television and advertising, promote uniformity, and banality
instead of a respect for human uniqueness.

IMPLICIT SIGNALS -are deduced from the speaker’s tones,

facial expressions and gestures, which are ways of indirectly
stating certain viewpoints.

Example:
She implicitly said she likes white shoes by saying she
likes all colors but tan.

Activity 3: Do this!

Directions: Using any of the explicit signals, write your

stand on the issue: “Students must not be allowed to bring
mobile phones in school”.

My Stand:
___________________________________________________________
18
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Module 4: Overcoming Challenges

Lesson 1: Determining the Various Social, Moral, and

Economic Issues Discussed in the Text Listened to

Introduction to Arab Poetry

Poetry is the greatest expression of literary art that Arabs

have mastered in Arabic poetry. This sophisticated,
rhythmic literature is a form of preservation of history,
traditions and social values. It is one of the most important
aspects of Arab culture, especially in Saudi Arabia and other
gulf states.
Ancient Arabic poems are still well preserved and they
became an inspiration for many Arab musicians specifically
when it is about anatomically poem. There are many
modern songs were created based on old Arabic poems

19
which commemorate it and enables people to enjoy whispers
of the ages of these melodic ancient poems.
Arabic poetry is based largely on harmonies of sound
and striking turns of phrasing. A poet's fame depended
upon a few brilliant couplets rather than on any sustained
melody or long continued flight of noble thought. One
distinguished philosophical poem of some length is the well-
known "Lament of the Vizier Abu Ismael." This we give in full
at the conclusion of this section; but mainly we must
illustrate the finest flowering of Arabic verse by selecting
specimens of characteristic brevity. Many of the Arab
caliphs inclined to the gaieties of life rather than to their
religious duties, and kept many poets around them. Indeed,
some of the caliphs themselves were poets: The Caliph Walid
composed music as well as verse; and was hailed by his
immediate companions as a great artist. His neglect of
religion, however, was so reckless as to rouse the
resentment of his people, and he lost his throne and life.

Lesson 2: Poem Analysis

The Song of Maisuna by: Maisuna

THE russet suit of camel's hair,

With spirits light and eye serene,
Is dearer to my bosom far
Than all the trappings of a queen.

The humble tent and murmuring breeze

That whistles thro' its fluttering walls,
My unaspiring fancy please
20
 Better than towers and splendid halls.

Th' attendant colts that bounding fly

And frolic by the litter's side,
Are dearer in MAISUNA'S eye
Than gorgeous mules in all their pride.
The watch dog's voice that bays whene'er
A stranger seeks his master's cot,
Sounds sweeter in MAISUNA'S ear
Than yonder trumpet's long-drawn note.

The rustic youth unspoil'd by art,

Son of my kindred, poor but free,
Will ever to MAISUNA'S heart
Be dearer, pamper'd fool, than thee.

On Fatalism
By: Imam Shafay Mohammed bin Idris

Not always wealth, nor always force,

A splendid destiny commands;
The lordly vulture gnaws the corpse
That rots upon the barren sands.

Nor does want or weakness always conspire

To bind us to a sordid state;
The fly, that with a touch expires,
Sips honey from the royal plate.

21
 Poetry analysis is examining the independent elements
of a poem to understand the literary work in its entirety.
Analyzing poems line by line allows you to break poems
down in order to study their structure, form, language,
metrical pattern, and theme. The purpose of literary
analysis is to interpret the meaning of a poem and
appreciate it on a deeper level.
The first poem was written by Maisuna herself. Maisuna
was a daughter of the tribe of Calab; a tribe, according to
Abulfeda, remarkable both for the purity of dialect spoken in
it, and for the number of poets, it had produced. She was
married, whilst very young, to the Khaliph Mowiah. But this
exalted situation by no means suited the disposition of
Maisuna, and amidst all the pomp and splendor of
Damascus, she languished for the simple pleasures of her
native desert.
These feelings gave birth to the previous simple stanzas,
which she took the greatest delight in singing, whenever she
could find an opportunity to indulge her melancholy in
private. She was unfortunately overheard one day by
Mowiah, who was of course not a little offended with such a
discovery of his wife’s sentiments; and as a punishment for
her fault, he ordered to retire form court. Mausina
immediately obeyed, and taking her infant son Yezid with
her, returned to Yeman, nor did he revisit Damascus till
after the death of Mowiah, when Yezid ascended the throne.
The Song of Maisuna was all about a queen who wanted
to live simply. The queen said that it is better to sit on a
camel than on the throne of a king. She would prefer a tent
to a prestigious palace. She’d rather a colt than a mighty
steed. It is even more comforting to hear a dog’s bark than
22
the pompous trumpets from a castle. Wealth cannot buy us
happiness, similar to Maisuna, who, despite receiving the
luxuries of life, still craved the tranquility of an orthodox
living. She favored the sheer beauty of the world rather than
the shimmering gold. Unlike others, she didn’t like being
looked up to and praised by the masses.

The second poem entitled, ‘On Fatalism’ written by

Imam Shafay Mohammed bin Idris. The poem shows
morality and being conscious of how we should spend our
lives. No matter how high we come, what zeniths we may
reach, we will all go down someday. Whether you become
the most opulent emperor or a destitute beggar, death will
still knock on your door. When the time comes, there is no
stopping it. Be you a monarch applauded by all, or an
averted mendicant, some things are unalterable. Having the
knowledge that we are all going to die, what we do, or how
we live does not matter anymore. Even though you spend it
with luxury or contented with what you have now, we
cannot escape the coming of death. A man’s passing may be
compared to an earthquake. You’ll never know when it’s
going to happen. A man’s passing may be compared to an
earthquake. You’ll never know when it’s going to happen. No
deterrent will apprise us when we are about to expire. As
they say, “Only God knows when and how we reach our
quotas.”

Both texts revealed some traits of the Arab people. They

are contented of what they have in their lives. They want a
simple life like Maisuna. However, there are Arabs who want
a wealthy life. Arabians also believed that everything will

23
come to its end. Death does not recognize any high position
or richness of any kind, each of us will die eventually.
Overall, the two selections taught us the difference
between a wealthy and simple life and how our choices
affect the kind of life we want to have.

Activity 4: Compare and Contrast

Directions: Compare and contrast the poems “The Song of

Maisuna” and “On Fatalism” by identifying their
social/moral/economic issues. Fill in the Venn Diagram
below.

24
Module 5: Overcoming Challenges
Lesson 1: Cohesive Devices in Various Types of
Speech

Writing cohesively is an important writing skill that you

need to master. Cohesion is how you link sentences and
ideas together for clarity and conciseness. In turn, a
cohesive text will be easier to read and understand.
Cohesive devices affect comprehension because they
help readers to integrate information between sentences in a
text.
With this module, we will be discussing cohesive devices
and how they are used in different types of speech.
Hence, it would help if you gave greater attention to how
the sentences in a text are connected; that will provide you
with a clearer understanding of what the text means.

Cohesive devices are words and phrases that connect

ideas. Some people call them transition signals or discourse
markers.

There are three main types of cohesive devices:

1. Pronouns that refer to a previously mentioned noun.

Example: Jim went out to the playground. He played on the
swings.
2. Substitution of a synonym for a previously mentioned
noun.
Example: There was a lot of food, but she only ate bread.
3. Transition words and inter-clausal connectors such as so
or because
Example: Jim played on the swings. Later, Jim played ball.
25
 Mary was late, so she took the bus.
Mary was late because she took the bus.
The following cohesive devices are used in sentences:
▪ To compare: also, similarly, likewise, compared with
▪ To add information: and, also, furthermore, moreover, too
▪ To give an example: for example, for instance, such as,
namely
▪ For sequencing of ideas: First, second, next, then, after,
lastly, as a result
▪ For contrasting ideas: in comparison, in contrast, instead,
on the contrary,

Activity 5: Choose me!

Directions. Choose the correct cohesive device from the list

to complete each sentence. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper

1. The weather was bad _____ Amy brought her umbrella.

2. I have to go near her______I couldn’t hear her voice.
3. _____singing the Pambansang Awit, Carol dropped her
pen.
4. She looked for her book everywhere ____ she couldn’t find
it.
5. The children quickly entered the room ____ the teacher
called them.
6. Mother picked up her bag _____she went straight to her
room.
7. Sheila is a good singer, _______she dances very well.
26
8. This dress is too big for me ______I have to alter it a bit.
9. Growing flowers gives beauty to the surroundings,
____taking them out of the forest
is not a good idea.
10. Dave makes beautiful paintings _____ he sells them to
his friends.

RESOURCES:

https://znnhs.zdnorte.net/wp
content/uploads/2021/03/SLM-E8Q3M7.pdf
https://www.freeeducationaltools.com/2021/03/quarter-3-
slms-grade-8-all-subjects.html

27