LESSON PLAN

ON
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED TO, SUBMITTED BY

SR, BALA, A. PUSHPALATHA,
OBG LECTURER, MSC(N) 1ST YEAR,
VIJAY MARIE CON, VIJAY MARIE CON.
PERFOMA OF THE LESSON PLAN
 NAME : A. PUSHPALATHA
SUBJECT : OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
COURSE : M.SC 1 ST YEAR
TOPIC : BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT (BMW)
DATE :10/ 11/2021
TIME : 15 MINUTES
PLACE : VIJAY MARIE COLLEGE OF NURSING
GROUP :BSC (N) STUDENTS
NO OF STUDENTS : 10-15 STUDENTS
METHOD OF TEACHING : LECTURE CUM DISCUSSION
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE : GROUP WILL HAVE SOME KNOWLEDGE ABOUT INFERTILITY FROM
PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE
A-V AIDS : BLACK BOARD, HANDOUTS, TRANSPARENCIES, PANEL BOARD,
PAMPLET., PPT.

OBJECTIVES
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GENERAL OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the teaching , student will be able to enhance their knowledge about bio medical waste management
and apply their knowledge in their clinical practice.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the class the students will be able to:

 introduction of bio medical waste management?

 define of bio medical waste management ?
 what are the sources of bio medical waste management ?
 what are the principles of bio medical waste management?
 explain about the categorization of bio medical waste management?
 discuss the steps of bio medical waste management?
 discuss in detail about treatment and disposal methods of biomedical waste management?
 Explain about do’s and dont’s of biomedical waste management?
 Role of nurse in biomedical waste management?

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION

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 OBJECTIVES STUDENT
ACTIVITIY
1 min SELF INTRODUCTION
Teacher: good morning class and mam, I am A. Pushpa
Latha M.Sc. Nursing first year student iam here to
present my micro teaching .
Students: Good Morning Mam
Teacher: ( By doing to the role play). Did you
understand? What did you understand?
Students: Guessing the topic
Announcement of topic
Today my topic is BMW (bio medical waste
management).

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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES STUDENT
ACTIVITIY
1 min INTRODUCTION
Waste management in health care facility includes-
i), bio medical waste (BMW), which includes infectious
waste, cytotoxic waste, radioactive waste, electronic
waste,
ii), general(solid waste).
World Health Organisation states that 85%of hazardous
waste are actually non-hazardous, whereas10% are
infectious and 5% are non -infectious but they are
included in hazardous wastes. about 15% to 35%of
hospital waste regulated as infectious waste. this range
is dependent on the total amount of waste generated .

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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITIES
2min define Teacher: What
biomedical define biomedical
DEFINITION: is bio medical waste?
waste?
Bio medical wastes (BMW) are defined as wastes that
waste ?
are generated during the laboratory diagnosis, OHP
Students: tries
treatment, or immunization of human beings or
to answer
animals, or in research activities pertaining thereto, or
Teacher :
in the production or testing of biological or in health
explain the
camps.
definition ?
WHO
Students:
nodding head

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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITIES
4min what are the Teacher: What What are the
principles & PRINCIPLES OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE are the
principles
&sources of
HANDLING
sources of principles biomedical
 To identify the points of waste generation. waste?
biomedical &sources of
 Waste segregation at source.
waste ? BMW
 Compiling the inventory of waste.
Students: tries
 Waste collection &transportation.
to answer
 Waste treatment.
Teacher :
 Final disposal.
started
 Occupational safety. BLACK
explaining? BOARD
 Continuous monitoring of the system.
SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE Students:
writing notes
 Government/ private hospitals
 Nursing homes
 Physician/dentist clinics.
 Primary health care centres.

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  Medical research and training centres.
 Labs & research organizations.
 Vaccination centres.
 Blood banks.

Explain the
2min WASTE GENERATED IN HOSPITALS
waste
BLACK
explain the
It is estimated that quantity of solid waste BOARD generated in
generated in hospitals varies from ½ to 2 kg/ hospitals?
waste generated
in hospital? bed in govt. hospitals, private hospitals and
nursing homes.
1, General waste(80%)- majority of waste falls in the
general waste category, which may be disposed with
usual domestic and urban waste management system,
they do not cause any harm to humans.

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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITIES

2, Bio medical waste(20%)

o Pathological and infectious waste(15%).

o Chemical &pharmaceutical waste(3%).

o Sharp waste(1%)

o Less than (1%) accounts for special waste

such as cytotoxic drug, radioactive waste,

broken thermometers, &used batteries.

4min explain the BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2016

biomedical waste The ministry of environment and forests has recently Teacher: What explain the
segregation? biomedical waste
enforced the new bio medical waste management are the segregation?

rules 2016 it has many unique features which segregation of

differentiates it from that of 1998 rule. it has biomedical
simplified the categorization into four categories- waste?
yellow bag ,red bag ,white transparent puncture Students: tries

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 proof box, blue card board box. to answer
1, RED BAG Teacher : PAMPHLET

Iv sets, all plastic bottles, uro bags, catheters, suction explained

catheters, blood set, ryles tubes, drains, needle caps, segregation
syringes (without needles & fixed needle syringes), about
gloves, plastic test tubes, empty alcohol rub& alcohol biomedical
wash, et tubes,
waste?
2, BLUE BAG: glass test tubes, contaminated glass
Students:
bottles, glass ampoules, expired medicines, expect listening
chemotherapeutic medicines, metabolic body carefully

implants, reusable glass slide, broken ampoules,

broken slides.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITIES

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 3, YELLOW BAG: cotton swabs, blood bag, swabs ,
gauze pieces, face mask (non plastic), disposable shoe
covers(non- plastic), apron (non- plastic), disposable
bed sheets, human anatomical waste, dead foetus,
placenta, nails, histopathology tissue, expired
antibiotics, laboratory cultures, stocks specimens of
micro organisms,Diapers, cytotoxic drugs including
the items with cytotoxic drugs along with glass or
plastic ampoules and vials,

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER AV- AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITIES

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 4, PUNCTURE PROOF BOX, Lancets, blades,
scalpels, microtomes slides from histopathology,
disposable needles, vacutainers needles, glass syringes
with fixed needles, L.P needle, suture needles, razor
needles.
BLACK BAG:
Kitchen waste- food materials, tea cup, papers, empty
boxes, all covers and wrappers , covers of blade suture
materials. syringes covers.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITIES

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2MIN discuss in Teacher: What
detail about
CATEGORIZATION OFBIOMEDICAL WASTE are the
categorization
of biomedical MANAGEMENT categorization
waste
According to BMW rule (2016) segregation should be of biomedical
management?
done by using containers of four different colours: waste
 Yellow bag- for infectious non plastic waste management? MODEL
 Red bag- for infectious waste Students: tries
 Blue container- for broken glass items and to answer .
metal
Teacher :
Implants.
explain the
 White- for sharps.
categorization ?
Students:
nodding head

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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE STUDENT AIDS
S ACTIVITIES

BMW RULE BMW RULE

1998 2016
Categories ten Four

Overlapping of yes No
category
Maximum limit Not specified Specified
for the release of
furans
Incinerator May have only Upgrade to have
one chamber secondary
chamber
Chlorinated bags Using it Phase out to have
secondary
chamber
Cytotoxic drugs Black color bag Yellow bag
Use of bar code No concept Introduced
within one year
Methods of Incineration/ The newer
disposal shredding/ sharp methods –
pits plasma pyrolysis/
encapsulation /
inertization

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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITY
Occupier must Should have Not required
have disposal within 75kms
facility

Giving treated allowed Not allowed

bio- medical
solid waste to the
municipal solid
waste
(incineration ash)

Majority of idea Discarding the For recycling

BMWs

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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITY
2min what are the STEPS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE Teacher: What
steps of
biomedical MANAGEMENT are the steps of
waste biomedical
management? STEP-1 Waste segregation ( at source of
waste FLOW
generation).
management? CHART
STEP- 2 Pre- treat laboratory and highly
Students: tries
infectious waste
STEP-3 Collection and storage of segregated to answer.

waste in color coded bags/ containers / bins Teacher explain

STEP-4 Intra- mural transportation from the steps ?

generation site to central storage area Students:
listening
STEP-5 Storage
carefully
STEP-6 Treatment(within 48 hours generation)
STEP-7 Disposal

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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES STUDENT
ACTIVITY
5min What are the TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS Teacher: HANDOUT
types of S
treatment and INCINERATION: What are the
disposal treatment and
methods? Incineration has been the method of choice of
disposal what are the
disposal of BMW it is high temperature (800-
methods types of
1450oc) dry oxidation process that reduces treatment and
Students: tries disposal
organic and incombustible matter, resulting in a
methods?
very significant reduction of waste volume and to answer

weight. Teacher :

Incineration is usually done for those waste that explain the

cannot be reused , recycled, or disposed off in a treatment and
land fill site , example human and animal disposal
anatomical waste, microbiological waste, solid methods ?
non- plastic infectious waste. Students: nodding
head
Incineration should not be done for:-

Pressurized gas containers, reactive chemical

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 waste, halogenated plastics such as PVC, waste

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITY
with high heavy metals such as mercury, silver
salts, radiographic waste, broken thermometers.
chlorinated chemicals or wastes pretreated with
chlorine should not be incinerated because of the
release of furans which are highly carcinogenic.

AUTOCLAVE: autoclaving is a thermal process

where steam is brought into direct contact with

waste in a controlled manner and for sufficient
duration to sterilize the wastes. The system should
be horizontal type and exclusively designed for the
treatment of bio- medical waste.
Condition to be ,maintained:
 121oc and a pressure of 15 pounds per
square for 60 minutes.
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  135oc and a pressure of 31 pounds per
square for 45 minutes.
 149oc and a pressure of 52 pounds per
square for 30 minutes.
Validation: Geobacillus stearothermophilus with
at least 1X106 spores , three monthly interval.
Daily: chemical indicator strip.it shall have tamper-
proof control panel with efficient display and
recording devices for critical parameters such as
time, temperature, pressure, date and batch number
etc.
CHEMICAL DISINFECTION: chemicals are added

to waste to kill or inactivate the pathogens within it

this results in disinfection rather than sterilization.
1% sodium hypochlorite or 5% phenol is
used as chemical disinfectant.
It is suitable for liquid waste such as blood,
urine and hospital sewage.

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EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

The liquid effluent generated during the process of

washing containers, vehicles, floors, etc is first

subjected to chemical treatment and disposed in

effluent treatment plant.

MICROWAVING:
In microwaving , microbial inactivation occurs as
a result of the thermal effect of electromagnetic
radiation spectrum lying between 300 and 300,00
MHZ microwave heating is an inter- molecular
heating process.
the heating occurs inside the waste material in the
presence of the steam.
The type of waste treated in microwave are
cultures and stocks, sharps, materials contaminated
with blood and body fluids.

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SHREDDER: it is a process by which waste are
cut into smaller pieces so as to make the wastes
into smaller pieces.

SANITARY LAND FILL:

It is a small deep burial pit of 2 meters depth. It
should be half filled with waste, then covered with
lime within 50cm of the surface, before filling the
rest of the pit with soil. It is specially designed for
disposal of hospital waste.
For health and safety, a landfill site should be
constructed away from residency, forests, and
coastal waters.

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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITY

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 SHARP PIT: Teacher: What
A sharp pit constructed within the hospital are the types of
premises provides an alternative method for infertility?
disposal of the sharp waste generated from the Students: tries
facility. to answer i.e 2
 Sharp pit should be a 1m x 1m x 1m size types
concrete lined protected pit with a cemented
lid. Teacher :
 Disposal of the sharp containers need to be
explain the
done by discarding the containers in entirety
into the sharp pits. types ?
 The filled needle containers can be placed in
the sharp pits up to three – fourths of the Students:
capacity of the pit. nodding head
 An immobilizing material such as cement or
clay is added to the pit.
Once dry the sharp pit is sealed another sharp
pit is created for further use.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE STUDENT

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 S ACTIVITY
2 min What are the Teacher: What What are the
safety WORKERS HEALTH SAFETY are the safety safety
precautions  The production, segregation, transportation,
that have to be precautions ? precautions that
taken while treatment and disposal of health care waste
Students: tries have to be taken
carrying involve the handling of potentially
biomedical to answer . while carrying
waste hazardous material.
biomedical
management?  Protection against personal injury is Teacher :
waste
therefore essential for all workers who are at explained about
management?
risk. the safety
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING precautions ?
o Helmets Students:
nodding head
o Face masks
o Eye protectors
o Industrial aprons.
o Leg protectors
o Disposable gloves

PERSONAL HYGIENE

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  For reducing the risks from handling health
care waste.
 Convenient washing facilities should be
available.
IMMUNIZATION
 Viral hepatitis -B& tetanus immunization is
commonly recommended.
CYTOTOXIC SAFETY
 Written procedures that specify safe working
methods for each process.
 Data sheets based on supplies specifications,
to provide information on potential hazards.
 Appropriate education and training for all
personnel involved in the handling of
cytotoxic drugs.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A-V AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE STUDENT
S ACTIVITY

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 DO’S
Ensure that the used product is mutilated.
Ensure that the used product is treated prior
to disposal .
Ensure that used product is segregated.
DO NOT
Reuse plastic equipment.
Mix plastic equipment with other wastes.
Burn plastic waste.

SUMMARY:

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So far we have discussed about the various key terms, definition of biomedical waste management, types of biomedical

waste management, sources of biomedical waste management, principles of biomedical waste management, categorization

of bio medical waste, various treatment and disposal methods, steps in biomedical waste, do’s and don’ts and proper

handling of waste , role of nurse in biomedical waste management. .

CONCLUSION:

medical wastes should be classified according to their typology and risk factors associated with their handling, storage and

ultimate disposal. the segregation of waste at source is the key step and reduction, reuse and recycling should be considered

in proper perspectives. proper disposal of the waste. If we want to protect our environment and health of community we

must sensitize ourselves to the important issue not only in the interest of health managers but also in the interest of

community.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

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1, Ananthanarayan and paniker’s “text book of microbiology” edition 5th , c. k. paniker’s publishers. Page no 635-638.
2, Gupte satish ‘ the short textbook of medical microbiology” edition 9th . jaypee publishers. Page no 475-477.
3, Nightingale nursing times journal , vol, 5, no.4, July 2009, page no 42-44.
4, Nightingale nursing times journal , vol, 5, no.10, January 2010, page no 58-62.
5, web sites.
A, http://www . expresshealthcaremgmt.com
B, http://www.who.ch
C, http:// kspcb. Kar.nic.in/BMW
D, http:// www.findarticles .com
E, www. Slideshare . com

POST EVALUATION
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  define of bio medical waste management ?
 what are the sources of bio medical waste management ?
 what are the principles of bio medical waste management?
 explain about the categorization of bio medical waste management?
 discuss the steps of bio medical waste management?
 discuss in detail about treatment and disposal methods of biomedical waste management?
 explain about do’s and dont’s of biomedical waste management?
 role of nurse in biomedical waste management?

ASSIGNMENT

Role of a nurse in biomedical waste management ?

BLACK BOARD

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INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
SOURCES
BROAD TYPES
CLASSIFICATION
WASTE SEGREGATION
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
STEPS OF SEGREGATION
WORKERS HEALTH SAFETY
ROLE OF A NURSE

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