Worksheet 2021

1.
List at least four important applications of springs

2. List types of springs and state their applications.
3. What are advantages and dis advantages of weld connections
4. Name the symbol for the standard welding symbol
5. A
steel bar of thickness h is welded to a vertical support as shown in the figure. What is the
shear stress in the throat of the welds due to the force F?
b d h F
a 50mm 50mm 5mm 100KN
b 2in 2in 5/16 in 40Kip
c 50mm 30mm 5mm 100KN
d 4in 2in 5/16 in 40Kip
6. The attachment shown carries a static bending load of 12 kN. The attachment length, l1,
is 225 mm. Specify the weldment (give the pattern, electrode number, type of weld,
length of weld, and leg size)
7. The figure shows a welded steel bracket loaded by a static force F. Estimate the factor of
safety if the allowable shear stress in the weld throat is 18 kpsi.
8. A helical compression spring is wound using 2.5-mm-diameter music wire. The spring has
an outside diameter of 31 mm with plain ground ends, and 14 total coils.
(a) What should the free length be to ensure that when the spring is compressed solid the
torsional stress does not exceed the yield strength, that is, that it is solid-safe?
(b) What force is needed to compress this spring to closure?
(c) Estimate the spring rate.
(d) Is there a possibility that the spring might buckle in service?
9. A helical compression spring is to be made of oil-tempered wire of 4-mm diameter with a
spring index of C = 10. The spring is to operate inside a hole, so buckling is not a problem
and the ends can be left plain. The free length of the spring should be 80 mm. A force of
50 N should deflect the spring 15 mm.
(a) Determine the spring rate.
(b) Determine the minimum hole diameter for the spring to operate in.
(c) Determine the total number of coils needed.
(d) Determine the solid length.
(e) Determine a static factor of safety based on the yielding of the spring if it is
compressed to its solid length.
10. A helical compression spring is made of hard-drawn spring steel wire 0.080-in in diameter
and has an outside diameter of 0.880 in. The ends are plain and ground, and there are 8
total coils.
(a) The spring is wound to a free length, which is the largest possible with a solid-safe
property. Find this free length.
(b) What is the pitch of this spring
(c) What force is needed to compress the spring to its solid length?
(d) Estimate the spring rate.
(e) Will the spring buckle in service?
11. Determine the hoop and longitudinal stresses set up in a thin boiler shell of circular
cross section, 5m long and of 1.3m internal diameter when the internal pressure reaches a
value of 2.4 bar (240kN/m2). What will then be its change in diameter? The wall
thickness of the boiler is 25mm. E = 210GN/m2; v = 0.3
12. Determine the change in volume of a thin cylinder of original volume 65.5 x 10- m3 and
length 1.3m if its wall thickness is 6 mm and the internal pressure 14 bar (1.4MN/m2). For
the cylinder material E = 210GN/m2; v = 0.3
13. A 3 m long aluminum-alloy tube, of 150mm outside diameter and 5mm wall thickness, is
closely wound with a single layer of 2.5 mm diameter steel wire at a tension of 400N. It is
then subjected to an internal pressure of 70 bar (7 MN/m’).
(a) Find the stress in the tube before the pressure is applied.
(b) Find the final stress in the tube.
E , = 70GN/m’; v A = 0.28; E s = 200 GN/mZ
14. A steel thick cylinder of external diameter 150 mm has two strain gauges fixed externally,
one along the longitudinal axis and the other at right angles to read the hoop strain. The
cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure of 75 MN/mz and this causes the following
strains:
(a) hoop gauge: 455 x 10-6 tensile
(b) longitudinal gauge: 124 x 10-6 tensile; tensile. Find the internal diameter of the cylinder assuming that
Young’s modulus for steel is 208 GN/m2 and Poisson’s ratio is 0.283.
15. A compound tube of 300mm external and 100 mm internal diameter is formed by
shrinking one cylinder on to another, the common diameter being 200 mm. If the
maximum hoop tensile stress induced in the outer cylinder is 90 MN/m2 find the hoop
stresses at the inner and outer diameters of both cylinders and show by means of a sketch
how these stresses vary with the radius.
16. A cylinder of 100 mm internal radius and 125 mm external radius is subjected to an external
pressure of 14bar (1.4 MN/m2). What will be the maximum stress set up in the cylinder?

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List at least four important applications of springs

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