Created by T.

Madas

DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
st
1 order

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

SEPARATION
OF
VARIABLES

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**)
Show that if y = a at t = 0 , the solution of the differential equation

1
dy
dt
(
= ω a2 − y2 ) 2
,

where a and ω are positive constants, can be written as

y = a cos ωt .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (**+)
Show that a general solution of the differential equation

dy
5 = 2 y2 − 7 y + 3
dx

is given by

A ex − 3
y= ,
2 A ex −1

where A is an arbitrary constant.

SYN-A , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (**+)
Show that a general solution of the differential equation

dy 2
e x+2 y + (1 − x ) = 0
dx

is given by

1
y = ln  2 e− x x 2 + 1 + K  ,
( )
2  

where K is an arbitrary constant.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (**+)

dy
x = y 2 + 1 , x > 0 , with y = 0 at x = 2 .
dx

Show that the solution of the above differential equation is

x 1
y= − .
4 x

proof

Question 5 (***)

dy
ex + y 2 = xy 2 , x > 0 , y > 0
dx

Show that the solution of the above differential equation subject to y = e at x = 1 , is

1 x
y= e .
x

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (***)
A curve y = f ( x ) satisfies the differential equation

dy x +1
y = 1− , y > 1 , x > −1
dx ( x − 1)( x + 2 )

a) Solve the differential equation to show that

1 2
ln ( y − 5 ) + x + 4 x − 2ln ( x + 1) = C .
2

When x = 0 , y = 2 .

b) Show further that

2
2 − 12 x
y = 1 + ( x + 1) e .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (***)

dy y 5
+ = , x >0.
dx x ( )(
x2 + 2 4 x2 + 3 )
Given that y = 1 ln 7 at x = 1 , show that the solution of the above differential
2 6
equation can be written as

1  4 x2 + 3 
y= ln  .
2 x  2 x 2 + 4 

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (***)

dy
= 1− y , y ≥ 0 , y ≠ 1 .
dx

Find the solution of the above differential equation subject to the condition y = 0 at
x = 0 , giving the answer in the form x = f ( y ) .

1
x = 2ln −2 y
1− y

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (***)
Solve the differential equation

dy 2
= 2− 2 ,
dx y

subject to the condition y = 2 at x = 1 , giving the answer in the form x = f ( y ) .

3y − 3
x = 1 y + 1 ln
2 4 y +1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (***+)
The function y = f ( x ) satisfies the differential equation

dy 2 xy ( y + 1)
= ,
(
dx sin 2 x + 1 π
6 )
subject to the condition y = 1 at x = 0 .

π
Find the exact value of y when x = .
12

1
MP2-S , y = 1π
e 6 −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (****+)
A curve passes through the point with coordinates 1 , log 2 ( log 2 e )  and its gradient
function satisfies

dy
= 2y , x ∈ » , x < 2 .
dx

Find the equation of the curve in the form y = f ( x )

X , y = − log 2 ( 2 − x ) ln 2 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (****)

dy y4 − y2
= , x > 0 , y > 0.
dx x4 − x2

Find the solution of the above differential equation subject to the boundary condition
2
y= at x = 2 .
3

2x
Give the answer in the form y = , where f ( x ) is a function to be found.
f ( x)

MP2-T , f ( x ) = 3 + x 2 − 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

1ST ORDER
BY STANDARD
INTEGRATING
FACTORS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**)
Solve the differential equation

dy
dx
sin x + 2 y cos x = 4sin 2 x cos x , ( )
y 1 π = 17 .
6 4

Give the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

y = sin 2 x + 4cosec 2 x

Question 2 (**)

dy
sin x = sin x sin 2 x + y cos x .
dx

3 π π
Given that y = at x = , find the exact value of y at x = .
2 6 4

1+ 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (**)

1
dy
(
x + 2 y = 9 x x3 + 1
dx
) 2
, with y = 27 at x = 2 .
2

Show that the solution of the above differential equation is

3
2
y=
x2
( )
x3 + 1 2 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (**)
20 grams of salt are dissolved into a beaker containing 1 litre of a certain chemical.

The mass of salt, M grams, which remains undissolved t seconds later, is modelled
by the differential equation

dM 2M
+ +1 = 0 , t ≥ 0 .
dt 20 − t

Show clearly that

M = 1 (10 − t )( 20 − t ) .
10

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (**+)

dy
+ ky = cos3 x , k is a non zero constant.
dx

By finding a complimentary function and a particular integral, or otherwise, find the

general of the above differential equation.

k 3
y = A e− x + 2
cos3x + sin 3x
9+k 9 + k2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (**+)
Given that z = f ( x ) and y = g ( x ) satisfy the following differential equations

dz dy
+ 2 z = e −2 x and + 2y = z ,
dx dx

a) Find z in the form z = f ( x )

dy
b) Express y in the form y = g ( x ) , given further that at x = 0 , y = 1 , =0
dx

( )
z = ( x + C ) e −2 x , y = 1 x 2 + 2 x + 1 e−2 x
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (***)
A curve C , with equation y = f ( x ) , passes through the points with coordinates (1,1)
and ( 2, k ) , where k is a constant.

Given further that the equation of C satisfies the differential equation

dy
x2 + xy ( x + 3) = 1 ,
dx

determine the exact value of k .

e +1
k=
8e

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (***)
A curve C , with equation y = f ( x ) , meets the y axis the point ( 0,1) .

It is further given that the equation of C satisfies the differential equation

dy
= x − 2y .
dx

a) Determine an equation of C .

b) Sketch the graph of C .

The graph must include in exact simplified form the coordinates of the
stationary point of the curve and the equation of its asymptote.

SYNF-A , y = 1 x − 1 + 5 e−2 x
2 4 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (***)

(1 − x2 ) dy
1
+ y = (1 − x 2 ) (1 − x ) 2 , −1 < x < 1 .
dx

2 1
Given that y = at x = , show that the solution of the above differential equation
2 2
can be written as

2
y=
3
(1 − x2 ) (1 + x ) .
FP2-O , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (***)
The general point P lies on the curve with equation y = f ( x ) .

The gradient of the curve at P is 2 more than the gradient of the straight line
segment OP .

Given further that the curve passes through Q (1, 2 ) , express y in terms of x .

y = 2 x (1 + ln x )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (***)

dy 2
x + 3 y = x e− x , x > 0 .
dx

Show clearly that the general solution of the above differential equation can be
written in the form

2
( )
2 yx3 + x 2 + 1 e − x = constant .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (***+)
The curve with equation y = f ( x ) passes through the origin, and satisfies the
relationship

d 
y x 2 + 1  = x5 + 2 x 3 + x + 3 xy .
( )
dx  

Determine a simplified expression for the equation of the curve.

2 1

( ) ( )
SPX-I , y = 1 x 2 + 1 − 1 x 2 + 1
3 3
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (***+)

dy y 5
+ = , x >0.
dx x ( )(
x2 + 2 4 x2 + 3 )
Given that y = 1 ln 7 at x = 1 , show that the solution of the above differential
2 6
equation can be written as

1  4 x2 + 3 
y= ln  .
2 x  2 x 2 + 4 

FP2-M , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (***+)

( 2 x − 4 y ) dydx + y = 0 .
2

By reversing the role of x and y in the above differential equation, or otherwise, find
its general solution.

FP2-L , xy 2 = y 4 + C

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (****)
π π 
It is given that a curve with equation y = f ( x ) passes through the point  ,  and
4 4
satisfies the differential equation

 dy 
 − tan x  sin 2 x = y .
 dx 

Find an equation for the curve in the form y = f ( x ) .

SPX-H , y = x tan x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (****)
Find a simplified general solution for the following differential equation.

dy
x = 2 x 2 + 2 xy + y .
dx

y = Ax e − x − x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (****)
The curve with equation y = f ( x ) has the line y = 1 as an asymptote and satisfies the
differential equation

dy
x3 − x = xy + 1 , x ≠ 0 .
dx

Solve the above differential equation, giving the solution in the form y = f ( x ) .

− 1x 1
SPX-J , y = e −
x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (****)

( )
It is given that a curve with equation x = f ( y ) passes through the point 0, 1 and
2
satisfies the differential equation

dy
( 2 y + 3x ) = y.
dx

Find an equation for the curve in the form x = f ( y ) .

SPX-D , x = 4 y 3 − y

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18 (****)
It is given that a curve passes through the point ( −2,0 ) and satisfies the ordinary
differential equation

dy 1
= .
dx x + y 2

Show that an equation of C is

( y + 1)2 + x + 1 = 0 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 19 (****)
The variables x and y satisfy

dy
(2 y − x) = y , y > 0, x > 0 .
dx

1
If y = 1 at x = 2 , show that x = y + .
y

V , FP3-T , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 20
The variables x and y satisfy

dy y ( y + 1)
= , y > 0.
dx y − x − xy − 1

If y = 1 at x = 1 − ln 4 , show that y + ln ( y + 1) = 0 at x = 3 .

V , SPX-O , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 21 (*****)
Use suitable manipulations to solve this exact differential equation.

dy
4x
dx
+ sin 2 y = 4 cos 2 y , ( )
y 1 =0.
4

Given the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

 1 
V , SPX-P , y = arctan  2 −
 x 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

1ST ORDER
HOMOGENEOUS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**+)
Solve the differential equation

2
dy y  y 
= −  , x > 0,
dx x  x 

subject to the condition y = 1 at x = 1 .

x
y=
1 + ln x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (**+)

dy ( 4x + y )( x + y )
= , x >0.
dx x2

a) Use a suitable substitution to show that the above differential equation can be
transformed to

dv 2
x = ( v + 2) .
dx

b) Hence find the general solution of the original differential equation, giving the
answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

c) Use the boundary condition y = −1 at x = 1 , to show that a specific solution of

the original differential equation is

x
y= − 2x .
1 − ln x

x
y= − 2x
A − ln x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (**+)
By using a suitable substitution, solve the differential equation

dy
xy = x2 + y2 , x > 0 ,
dx

subject to the boundary condition y = 1 at x = 1 .

y = x 2 (1 + 2ln x )

Question 4 (**+)
By using a suitable substitution, or otherwise, solve the differential equation

dy
= x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 ,
dx

subject to the condition y ( 0 ) = 0 .

y = − x + tan x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (**+)
By using a suitable substitution, solve the differential equation

dy xy + y 2
= , x>0,
dx x2

subject to the condition y = −1 at x = 1 .

x
y=−
1 + ln x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (***)

dy x 2 + 3 y 2
= , x > 0 , y > 0.
dx xy

1
Given the boundary condition y (1) = , show that
2

y 2 = x6 − 1 x2 .
2

FP3-J , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (***)
By using a suitable substitution, solve the differential equation

dy x3 + y 3
= ,
dx xy 2

subject to the condition y = 1 at x = 1 .

y 3 = x3 ( 3ln x + 1)

Question 8 (***)
By using a suitable substitution, solve the differential equation

dy
2 x2 = x2 + y 2 , x > 0 ,
dx

subject to the condition y (1) = 0 .

2x
y = x−
2 + ln x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (***)
By using a suitable substitution, solve the differential equation

dy  y
x − y = x cos   , x ≠ 0 ,
dx  x

subject to the condition y ( 4 ) = π .

The final answer may not involve natural logarithms.

y
( ) ( )
y
(
sec x + tan x = 1 x 1 + 2
4 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (***)

dy 2
xy = ( x − y ) + xy , y (1) = 0 .
dx

Show that the solution of the above differential equation is

y
( x − y)e x = 1.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (***)
Use the substitution y = x v , where v = v ( x ) , to solve the following differential
equation

dy y2
2 = 1 + 2 , y ( e ) = −e .
dx x

2x
FP3-R , y = x −
ln x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (***)
Solve the following differential equation

dy 3 x + 2 y
= , y (1) = 3 .
dx 3 y − 2 x

Give the final answer in the form F ( x, y ) = 12

FP3-N , 3 y 2 − 4 xy − 3 x 2 = 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (***+)
Find a general solution for the following differential equation

dy
(2x + y ) +x=0.
dx

The final answer must not contain natural logarithms.

x
y + x = A e x+ y

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (***+)
Solve the following differential equation.

( xy + 4 x ) dydx = 2 y
2 2
( )
+ 9 xy + 6 x 2 , y 4 = 0 .
3

( y + 2 x )2 = x 2 ( y + 3 x )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (****)
Solve the differential equation

d x4 + x2 y2 + y 4
dx
( )
xy 2 =
x2
, y (e) = 2 e .

Give the answer in the form y 2 = f ( x ) .

x 2 (1 + ln x )
SPX-K , y 2 =
ln x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (****)
Solve the differential equation

dy x − y
= , y (1) = 1 .
dx x + y

SPX-A , y 2 + 2 xy − x 2 = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (****)
It is given that a curve with equation f ( x, y ) = 0 passes through the point ( 0,1) and
satisfies the differential equation

dy xy
= 2 .
dx x + y 2

By solving the differential equation, show that an equation for the curve is

 x2 
y = exp  2  .
 2 y 

MM1A , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

1ST ORDER
BERNOULLI TYPE

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**+)

1 dy
= 1 + 2 xy 2 , y > 0 .
y dx

1
a) Show that the substitution z = transforms the above differential equation
y2
into the new differential equation

dz
+ 2 z = −4 x .
dx

b) Hence find the general solution of the original differential equation, giving the
answer in the form y 2 = f ( x ) .

1
FP3-L , y 2 = −2 x
Ae − 2x +1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (***)

a) Use the suitable substitution to solve the differential equation

dy
x2
dx
+ xy = y 2 , ( )
y 1 = 2.
2

Give the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

b) Verify the answer of part (a) by solving the above differential equation with
an alternative method.

2x
MM1A , y =
1 − 2x2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (***)
Solve the differential equation

dy
x
dx
+ y = 4 x2 y 2 , ( )
y 1 = 2.
2

1
y=
3x − 4 x 2

Question 4 (***)
By using a suitable substitution, solve the differential equation

dy
xy + 2 y 2 = x , y (1) = 0 .
dx

Give the answer in the form y 2 = f ( x ) .

2 1 
y2 =  x − 4 
5 x 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (***)
Solve the differential equation

dy 1
+ y = 4 xy 3 , y ( 0 ) = .
dx 2

Give the answer in the form y 2 = f ( x ) .

1
y2 =
4x + 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (***+)

dy 2 y
+ = y4 , x > 0 , y > 0 .
dx x

Given that y (1) = 1 , show that

5
y3 = .
3x + 2 x6

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (***+)
Solve the differential equation

dy xy
+ = y3 , y ( 0 ) = 1 .
dx 1 + x 2

Give the answer in the form y 2 = f ( x ) .

1
y2 =
(1 + x2 ) (1 − 2arctan x )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (***+)
Solve the differential equation

dy
dx
( )
= y 1 + xy 4 , y ( 0 ) = 1 .

1 1
y 4
=
4
( )
1 + 3e −4 x − x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (****)
A curve C passes through the point (1,1) and satisfies the differential equation

dy y x3
− = 3 , x > 0 , y > 0,
dx x 4 y

subject to the condition y = 1 at x = 1 .

a) Find an equation of C by using the substitution z = y 4 .

x
b) Find an equation of C by using the substitution v = .
y

Give the answer in the form y 4 = f ( x ) .

y 4 = x 4 (1 + ln x )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

1ST ORDER
BY
PARTIAL
DIFFERENTIATION
TECHNIQUES

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**+)

dy 12 x + 7 y
= , y (1) = 1 .
dx 6 y − 7 x

Use a method involving partial differentiation to show that the solution of the above
differential equation can be written as

( ax + by )( cx + dy ) = 10 ,

where a , b , c and d are integers to be found.

( 3x − y )( 2 x + 3 y ) = k

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (***)
Solve the differential equation

dy 2 xy + 6 x
= ,
dx 4 y 3 − x 2

subject to the boundary condition y = 1 at x = 1 .

x 2 y + 3x 2 − y 4 = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (***)
Find a general solution of the following differential equation

=
(
2 2
dy y y − 3 x + 1 ).
(
dx x x 2 − 3 y 2 − 1)

( )
xy x 2 − y 2 − 1 = constant

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (***)
Find the solution of the following differential equation

dy 1 − 3x 2 y
= ,
dx x3 + 2 y

subject to the boundary condition y = 1 at x = 1 .

x3 y + y 2 − x = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (***)
Solve the differential equation

2x
(
dy 4e − y 2e + 1
=
2x
)
,
dx e2 x + x

subject to the boundary condition y = 2 at x = 0 .

2e2 x
y=
e2 x + x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (***+)
Find a general solution of the following differential equation

dy cos x cos y + sin 2 x

= .
dx sin x sin y + cos2 y

sin x cos y − 1 ( sin 2 x + sin 2 y ) + 1 ( x − y ) = constant

4 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (***)
Determine the solution of the following differential equation by looking for a suitable
integrating factor.

2
dy ( x + y) , y 1 =1.
= ()
dx 1 − 2 xy − x 2

x3 − 3 y + 3xy ( x + y ) = 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (***+)
Find a general solution of the following differential equation by looking for a suitable
integrating factor.

dy x + y
+ = 0.
dx x ln x

x + y ln x = C

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (***+)

dy 2 xy
= 2 , y (0) = 1 .
dx 3x − y 2

a) Find an integrating factor for the above differential equation and hence show

y3 = y 2 − x2 .

b) Verify the answer of part (a) by a solving the differential equation by a

suitable substitution.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (***+)
Find a general solution of the following differential equation by looking for a suitable
integrating factor.

dy 2
dx
( )
x + 2 y 2 + 2 − xy = 0 .

x 2 = −2 + 4 y 2 ln y + Cy 2

Question 11 (***+)
Find a general solution of the following differential equation by looking for a suitable
integrating factor.

dy 2 y − 2 y 2
= .
dx 2 xy − x

x 2 y (1 − y ) = C

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (***+)
Find a general solution of the following differential equation by looking for a suitable
integrating factor.

dy 6 xy
= .
dx 4 y + 9 x 2

3x 2 y 3 + y 4 = C

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (***+)

( 2 x − 4 y 2 ) dydx + y = 0 .
By finding a suitable integrating factor for the above differential equation determine
its general solution.

xy 2 − y 4 = C

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (***+)
Find a general solution of the following differential equation by looking for a suitable
integrating factor.

dy y 2 + xy + y
= .
dx x + 2y

y ex ( y + x) = C

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (***+)
Determine the solution of the following differential equation by looking for a suitable
integrating factor.

dy
x ( x + y ) + y ( 3x + y ) = 0 , y (1) = 1 .
dx

2 yx3 + x 2 y 2 = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (***+)
Determine the solution of the following differential equation by looking for a suitable
integrating factor.

dy x y 1
+ + + = 0 , y (1) = 1 .
dx y x y

3 x 4 + 4 x3 + 6 x 2 y 2 = 13

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (***+)
Determine the solution of the following differential equation.

dy x 2 2 y
= + , y (1) = 2 .
dx y x

y 2 = 6 x 4 − 2 x3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18 (****)
Determine a general solution of the following differential equation by looking for a
suitable integrating factor.

dy 2 xy 4 e y + 2 xy 3 + y
= .
dx 3x + x 2 y 2 − x 2 y 4 e y

x2 x
x2 e y + + =C
y y3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

1ST ORDER
BY
VARIOUS
TECHNIQUES

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**)
By using a suitable substitution find a general solution of the differential equation

dy
= x+ y,
dx

giving the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

y = Aex − x −1

Question 2 (**)

dy
= x + 2 y , with y = − 1 at x = 0 .
dx 4

By using a suitable substitution, show that the solution of the differential equation is

y = − 1 ( 2 x + 1) .
4

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (**)
Use the substitution t = y to solve the following differential equation.

dy
= y + y , y > 0 , y ( 0) = 4 .
dx

Given the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

1x
FP3-H , y = 9e x − 6e 2 + 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (***)
Solve the differential equation

dy 2
= ( 9 x + 4 y + 1) , y ( 0 ) = − 1 .
dx 4

Give the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

y = − 1 − 9 x + 3 tan 6 x
4 4 8

Question 5 (***)
Use a suitable substitution to solve the differential equation

dy x+ y
= , y (0) = 1 .
dx 4 − 3 ( x + y )

2ln x + y − 2 = 3 − x − 3 y

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (***)
Use the substitution y = e z to solve the differential equation

dy
x + y ln y = 2 xy , y (1) = e 2 .
dx

1
x+
y=e x

Question 7 (***)
Use the substitution z = sin y to solve the differential equation

dy
x cos y − sin y = x 2 ln x , y (1) = 0
dx

subject to the condition y = 0 at x = 1 .

sin y = x 2 ln x − x 2 + x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (***+)
Use a suitable substitution to find the solution of the following differential equation.

dy
( 3x − y − 1) = 3x − y + 3 , y ( 2 ) = 2 .
dx

x − y + 2ln 3 x − y − 3 = 0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (***+)
Use a suitable substitution to solve the following differential equation.

dy
+ y + 1 = y + 1 , y > −1 , y ( 0) = 3 .
dx

Given the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

1x
FP3-V , y = e x ± 2e 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (***+)

a) By using the substitution z = x 2 + y 2 , solve the following differential equation

dy
2 xy + y 2 = 2 x − 3x2 ,
dx

subject to the condition y = 1 at x = 1 .

b) Verify the answer to part (a) by using the substitution z = y 2 to solve the
same differential equation and subject to the same condition.

1
SPX-B , y 2 = x − x 2 +
x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (***+)
A curve with equation y = f ( x ) passes through the point with coordinates ( 0,1) and
satisfies the differential equation

dy
y2 + y 3 = 4e x .
dx

By finding a suitable integrating factor, solve the differential equation to show that

y 3 = 3e x − 2e −3 x .

SPX-E , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (***+)
A curve with equation y = f ( x ) passes through the origin and satisfies the
differential equation

3
dy
(
2 y 1+ x 2
) dx
(
+ xy 2 = 1 + x 2 ) 2
.

By finding a suitable integrating factor, or otherwise, show that

2 x3 + 3x
y = .
3 x2 + 1

SPX-V , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (****)
Solve the differential equation

dy x + y − 3
= ,
dx x + y − 5

subject to the condition y = 5 at x = 5 .

2 2

x + y − 4 = e x− y

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (****)
Find a general solution of the following differential equation

dy
y + x = 2y .
dx

y
x− y
( x − y)e =C

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (****)

dy
dx
(
= tan x 2 + 2 y + π ) − x, y ( 0) = 1 π .
4

Solve the above differential equation to show that

y = − 1  x 2 + π + arcsin e 2 x  .
( )
2 

SPX-M , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (****)

dy
dx
( )
x + y2 = y .

a) Solve the above differential equation, subject to y = 1 at x = 1 by considering

dx
, followed by a suitable substitution..
dy

b) Verify the validity of the answer obtained in part (a).

y2 = x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (****)

dy x + y + 3
= , y ( 0) = 0 .
dx x + y − 1

Show that the solution of the above differential equation is

y − x − 2ln ( x + y + 1) = 0 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18 (****)
Given that v = yx −2 find a general solution for the following differential equation.

dy 2 y
− = log v e , u > 0 , u ≠ 1 .
dx x

Given the answer in the form f ( x, y ) = constant .

1 y 
FP3-X , − 2 1 − ln yx −2  = constant
( )
x x  

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 19 (****)
Use a suitable substitution to solve the following differential equation.

dy
+ 8 xy = y 2 + 16 x 2 , y ( 0 ) = −6 .
dx

Given the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

SPX-V , y =
( ) ( )
4 x 2e 4 x − 1 − 2 2e 4 x + 1
2e4 x − 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 20 (****)
Sketch the curve which passes through the point with coordinates (1, 2 ) and satisfies

1 dy x x2 + y3
+ 2= .
2 dx 3 y y2

SPX-N , graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 21 (****)
Use a suitable substitution to solve the following differential equation.

dy 2
= ( x − y + 2) , y ( 0) = 4 .
dx

Given the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

( x + 1) e 2 x ± 3 ( x + 3) ± ( x + 1) e2 x − 3 ( x + 3)
SPX-R , y= =
e2 x ± 3 ± e2 x − 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 22 (****+)

d2y xy + 4
2
+ 2
= y2 , x ≠ 0 .
dx x

Find a general solution for the above differential equation.

2 + 2 Ax 4
y=
x − Ax5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 23 (****+)

dy 3 x − y + 1
= , y (1) = 2 .
dx x + y + 1

Solve the differential equation to show that

( y − x )( y + 3x + 2 ) = 7 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 24 (****+)

dy 2 x + 5 y + 3
= , y (1) = 1 .
dx 4 x + y − 3

Solve the differential equation to show that

( y − 2 x + 3)2 = 2 ( x + y ) .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 25 (****+)
Solve the following differential equation

dy 2 x + y − 1
= ,
dx x + 2 y + 1

to show that

( x − y )( x + y − 2 )( x − y − 2 )2 = constant .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 26 (****+)
Solve the following differential equation

dy 2 x + 3 y − 7
= , y (1) = 1
dx 3 x + 2 y − 8

5
Give the answer in the form ( y − x − 1) = f ( x, y ) , where f ( x, y ) is a function to be
found.

( y − x − 1)5 = y + x − 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 27 (****+)

dy
dx
( )
x + y2 = y .

a) Solve the above differential equation, subject to y = 1 at x = 1 .

b) Verify the validity of the answer obtained in part (a).

y2 = x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 28 (****+)
Find a general solution for the following differential equation

dy 1 + y2
= .
dx − x + arctan y

x = −1 + arctan y + A e− arctan y

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 29 (****+)

dy
2 + ( x + 1) = x ( x + 2) + y .
dx

Solve the above differential equation, subject to y ( 2 ) = 0 .

y = x2 − 2 x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 30 (****+)
y−x
Use the substitution v = , y + x ≠ 0 , to solve the following differential equation
y+x

x
dy
−y= 3 2
(
(1 − x ) x 2 − y 2 )
, y ( 0) = 1.
dx x + x + x +1

Give the answer in the form y = f ( x ) .

SPX-C , y = x 2 + x + 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 31 (*****)
Solve the differential equation

dy 1 − xy + x 2 y 2
= , x >0,
dx x 2 − yx3

subject to the condition y (1) = 0 .

2 xy − x 2 y 2 = 2 ln x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 32 (*****)
Find a simplified general solution for the following differential equation.

2
 dy   dy 
( )
x 2 − 1   − 2 xy   + y 2 = 1 .
 dx   dx 

(A+ y )
x 2 − 1 ( y + Bx + C ) = 0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 33 (*****)
Find a general solution for the differential equation

dy y − xy 2
= , x ≠ 0.
dx x + yx 2

y e xy = Cx

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 34 (*****)
Solve the differential equation

dy xy 2 + y
=− , x ≠ 0 , y > 0,
dx x + yx 2 + x3 y 2

( )
subject to the condition y 1 = 1 .
2

2 x 2 y 2 ln y = 2 xy + 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 35 (*****)
The positive solution of the quadratic equation x 2 − x − 1 = 0 is denoted by φ , and is
commonly known as the golden section or golden number.

a) Show, with a detailed method, that F ( x ) = f (φ ) x ( ) is a solution of the

g φ

differential equation,

F ′ ( x ) = F −1 ( x ) ,

where f and g are constant expressions of φ , to be found in simplified form.

b) Verify the answer obtained in part (a) satisfies the differential equation, by
differentiation and function inversion.

[You may assume that F ( x ) is differentiable and invertible]

1
 1 φ
V , SPX-L , F ( x ) =   xφ = φ1−φ xφ
φ 

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Created by T. Madas