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    Distillation Rectification: Basic Knowledge Basic Knowledge

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    Rohan lall
    Distillation and rectification are unit operations that separate liquid mixtures using differences in volatility. Distillation separates a homogeneous liquid mixture into two mixtures enriched in either volatile or less volatile components. Rectification is a multi-stage distillation process that occurs in a column, increasing the purity of separated components through countercurrent vapor and liquid flow. As vapor rises and condenses, more volatile components concentrate upward while less volatile components concentrate downward.

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    Distillation Rectification: Basic Knowledge Basic Knowledge

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    Rohan lall
    57 views1 page
    Distillation and rectification are unit operations that separate liquid mixtures using differences in volatility. Distillation separates a homogeneous liquid mixture into two mixtures enriched in either volatile or less volatile components. Rectification is a multi-stage distillation process that occurs in a column, increasing the purity of separated components through countercurrent vapor and liquid flow. As vapor rises and condenses, more volatile components concentrate upward while less volatile components concentrate downward.

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    Understanding how the rectification column wtk

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    distillation_rectification_english

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    Distillation and rectification are unit operations that separate liquid mixtures using differences in volatility. Distillation separates a homogeneous liquid mixture into two mixtures enriched in either volatile or less volatile components. Rectification is a multi-stage distillation process that occurs in a column, increasing the purity of separated components through countercurrent vapor and liquid flow. As vapor rises and condenses, more volatile components concentrate upward while less volatile components concentrate downward.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    57 views1 page

    Distillation Rectification: Basic Knowledge Basic Knowledge

    Uploaded by

    Rohan lall
    Distillation and rectification are unit operations that separate liquid mixtures using differences in volatility. Distillation separates a homogeneous liquid mixture into two mixtures enriched in either volatile or less volatile components. Rectification is a multi-stage distillation process that occurs in a column, increasing the purity of separated components through countercurrent vapor and liquid flow. As vapor rises and condenses, more volatile components concentrate upward while less volatile components concentrate downward.

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    of 1

    4 Thermal process engineering

    Distillation/Rectification
    gunt
    Basic knowledge Basic knowledge
    Distillation Rectification

    Distillation is a unit operation that can be used to separate into the gas phase. Examples of volatile liquids include acetone, Rectification is an application of distillation. It is used for sub- In practice, this multi-stage distillation process is carried out
    homogeneous liquid mixtures. It utilises the different volatility of alcohol and petrol. stances that are required in high purity and/or large quantities, in the form of countercurrent distillation (rectification) in a
    the components of the mixture to be separated. Volatility refers for example to fractionate crude oil. ­column.
    to the tendency of a substance to pass from the liquid phase
    If the distillate obtained during distillation is distilled again, a
    new distillate is obtained with an even higher concentration of
    volatile components. As the procedure is repeated, the concen-
    tration of volatile components in the distillate increases on each
    occasion.

    Principle of distillation Simplified illustration of a rectification column

    7
    6

    3
    10 9

    8
    2

    11

    1 4

    The liquid mixture to be separated (feed) is fed to the col-


    umn and partially evaporates on its way to the bottom of the
    column where it is heated to boiling. The vapour produced
    1 moves upwards inside the column, exits it at the top and is
    condensed. Part of the condensate is carried away as top
    product. The remainder flows back into the column and moves
    5 downwards as liquid phase.
    Due to column internals, such as bubble cap trays or ran-
    dom packings, the downward-moving liquid phase is sub-
    jected to an intensive exchange of heat and material with the
    upward-moving vapour phase. The less volatile components
    1 boiling liquid mixture, 2 upward-moving vapour phase, of the vapour phase condense and increase in concentration
    3 condenser, 4 distillate in the liquid phase. At the same time, the condensation heat
    released evaporates the more volatile components of the liq-
    uid phase. These processes in the column increase the vapour
    To achieve separation, the liquid mixture is brought to boil- The separating principle is based on the fact that the content phase concentration of volatile components moving from the
    ing point. The resulting vapour phase is made up of several of volatile components is greater in the vapour phase than in bottom to the top of the column. The liquid phase concen-
    components, mainly the more volatile components of the mix- the liquid phase. 3 tration of less volatile components increases in the opposite
    ture. The vapour phase is separated from the liquid phase and direction, from the top of the column to the bottom.
    condensed (distillate). The less volatile components predomi- 2
    4
    nantly remain in the liquid phase.
    Distillation does not result in complete separation of the liq-
    uid mixture, but rather its division into two mixtures with 1 feed, 2 bottom of column, 3 bottom heating, 4 bottom product, 5 upward-moving vapour phase, 6 top of column, 7 condenser,
    different contents of volatile and less volatile components. 8 top product, 9 reflux, 10 downward-moving liquid phase, 11 tray (here: bubble cap tray)

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