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    00 - Separation Technology

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    Vicente Regulez
    The document discusses various mass transfer separation technologies including distillation, absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, and adsorption. It provides details on the basic principles and operations of distillation, which involves separating a liquid or vapor mixture into fractions of desired purity through heating and condensation. Key aspects of distillation addressed include relative volatility, vapor-liquid equilibrium, and limitations due to azeotropes. Diagrams illustrate distillation column components and configurations. Other techniques like absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization are introduced along with some of their fundamental principles.

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    00 - Separation Technology

    Uploaded by

    Vicente Regulez
    11 views19 pages
    The document discusses various mass transfer separation technologies including distillation, absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, and adsorption. It provides details on the basic principles and operations of distillation, which involves separating a liquid or vapor mixture into fractions of desired purity through heating and condensation. Key aspects of distillation addressed include relative volatility, vapor-liquid equilibrium, and limitations due to azeotropes. Diagrams illustrate distillation column components and configurations. Other techniques like absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization are introduced along with some of their fundamental principles.

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    00_Separation Technology

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    The document discusses various mass transfer separation technologies including distillation, absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, and adsorption. It provides details on the basic principles and operations of distillation, which involves separating a liquid or vapor mixture into fractions of desired purity through heating and condensation. Key aspects of distillation addressed include relative volatility, vapor-liquid equilibrium, and limitations due to azeotropes. Diagrams illustrate distillation column components and configurations. Other techniques like absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization are introduced along with some of their fundamental principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views19 pages

    00 - Separation Technology

    Uploaded by

    Vicente Regulez
    The document discusses various mass transfer separation technologies including distillation, absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, and adsorption. It provides details on the basic principles and operations of distillation, which involves separating a liquid or vapor mixture into fractions of desired purity through heating and condensation. Key aspects of distillation addressed include relative volatility, vapor-liquid equilibrium, and limitations due to azeotropes. Diagrams illustrate distillation column components and configurations. Other techniques like absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization are introduced along with some of their fundamental principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Mass transfer Separation Technology

    Chandrakant Joshi | Head Applications and Technology | February 24, 2016


    Unit Operations Sulzer Chemtech

     Distillation

     Absorption

     Liquid Liquid Extraction

     Crystallisation

     Adsorption

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 2


    Distillation Sulzer Chemtech

     a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated


    into its component fractions of desired purity,

     by the application and removal of heat. When this vapour is cooled and condensed,
    the condensate will contain more volatile components.

     At the same time, the original mixture will contain less volatile material.

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 3


    Distillation
    Sulzer Chemtech

    Although many people have a fair idea what “distillation”


    means, the important aspects that seem to be missed are :

    ● Distillation is the most common separation technique it consumes


    enormous amounts of energy, both in terms of cooling and heating
    requirements it can contribute to more than 50% of plant operating costs

    ● The best way to reduce operating costs of existing units, is to improve


    their efficiency and operation via process optimisation and control. To
    achieve this improvement, a thorough understanding of distillation
    principles and how distillation systems are designed is essential.

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 4


    Basic Principal –Relative volatality
    Sulzer Chemtech

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 5


    Principles Sulzer Chemtech

     Depends on the vapor pressure characteristic of liquid


    mixtures.

     Liquid is said to boil when its vapor pressure equals the


    surrounding pressure.
    Temp @ which
    saturated vapors
    start to condense

    Temp @ which
    saturated liquid start
    to boil Boiling Point
    Diagram
    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 6
    Vapor-Liquid-Equilibrium
    Sulzer Chemtech

     It expresses the bubble point & the dew point of a binary


    mixtures at constant pressure.

    Rectification
    Section

    McCabe-Thiele
    Diagram

    Describes the composition of


    vapor & liquid in Equilibrium
    Stripping
    Section

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 7


    Limit of Distillation by Azeotrope
    Sulzer Chemtech

    Ethanol / Water System  Distillation range is restricted by the azeotropic


    point.
    1.0

    0.9
     Binary azeotropic mixtures, such as
    ethanol/water and IPA/water, can be separated
    Vapor Mole Fraction of Ethanol

    0.8 into their pure components by distillation by the


    0.7
    addition of a third component, so called the
    entrainer, which forms a ternary azeotrope with a
    0.6 lower boiling point than any binary azeotrope
    0.5

    0.4

    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    0.0
    0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

    Liquid Mole Fraction of Ethanol

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 8


    Principles Sulzer Chemtech

     Relative volatility : Differences in volatility between two


    components.

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 9


    How Distillation column looks like?
    Sulzer Chemtech

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 10


    How Distillation column looks like?
    Sulzer Chemtech

    Vent

    Condenser
    CW
    Rectification
    Section

    Distillate
    Reflux
    Feed

    Stripping
    Section
    Reboiler

    Bottom

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 11


    Gas Absorption and Desorption Sulzer Chemtech

    Works on a Principle of solubility of Gaseous solute in Liquid


    Solvent

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 12


    Liquid Liquid Extraction Sulzer Chemtech

    Works on a Principle of
    solubility difference of
    Liquid solute between
    Liquid Solvent and Liquid
    Feed.

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 13


    Mixer Settlers for Liquid Liquid Extraction Sulzer Chemtech

     High residence time>25Min


     Reactive extraction system

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 14


    Liquid Liquid Extraction- Roating Disc columns Sulzer Chemtech

     High residence time >15 Min


     Reactive extraction system
     Density diff < 50 Kg/m3

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 15


    Liquid Liquid Extraction- Packed columns Sulzer Chemtech

     Low residence time


     Density diff: > 30 < 50 kg/m3
     Interfacial tension diff > 1 dyne/cm

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 16


    Crystallization Processes Sulzer Chemtech

    Works on a Principle of melting Point difference of impurity &


    Product

    Q Q

    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 17


    Assembly of Static Crystallizer Sulzer Chemtech

    18
    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 18
    Falling Film Crystallizer Sulzer Chemtech

    Melt
    distribution

    Shel
    l
    HTF
    distribution

    Crystallizer tubes

    HTF return
    Collectin - tubular crystallizer
    g vessel
    - external heat transfer fluid, falling film
    - internal melt circulation, falling film
    - most efficient mass and heat transfer

    19
    MyPresentation, Ref | Date | slide 19

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