EAPP: Q2-Week 1 - What I Know: Let us check your prior knowledge about this module; ON

CRITIQUE.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your paper.
1. The New Critics were: A. Feminist critics B. Psychological Critic C. Marxist critics D. Formalist critics
2. What approach to literary criticism requires the critic to know about the author's life and times?
A. All of these B. Mimetic C. Historical D. Formalist
3. Formalist critics believe that the value of a work cannot be determined by the author's intention. What
term do they use when speaking of this belief? A. The intentional fallacy B. The affective fallacy
C. The pathetic fallacy D. The objective correlative
4. Which poet popularized the term objective correlative, which is often used in formalist criticism?
A. Virginia Woolf B. C.S. Lewis C. T.S. Eliot D. Matthew Arnold
5. In a Freudian approach to literature, concave images are usually seen as:
A. Male symbols B. Evidence of an Oedipus complex C. Phallic symbols D. Female symbols
6. He was an influential force in archetypal criticism. A. Freud B. Jung C. Richards D. Tate
7. Seven is an archetype associated with: A. Astrology B. Perfection C. Birth D. Death
8. This feminist critic proposed that all female characters in literature are in at least one of the following
stages of development: the feminine, feminist, or female stage.
A. Virginia Woolf B. Ellen Mores C. Mary Wolstencraft D. Elaine Showalter
9. A critic argues that in John Milton's "Samson Agonistes," the shearing of Samson's locks is symbolic of
his castration at the hands of Delilah. What kind of critical approach is this critic using?
A. Mimetic approach B. Psychological approach C. Historical approach D. Formalist approach
10. One archetype in literature is the scapegoat. Which of these literary characters serves that purpose?
A. Billy Budd B. Hamlet C. Captain Ahab D. Ophelia
11. One of the disadvantages of this school of criticism is that it tends to make readings too subjective.
A. Reader Response B. Formalist C. Historical D. These are all equally
subjective
12. This literary critic coined the term "fancy." A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge B. Virginia Woolf
C. Matthew Arnold D. Carl Jung
13. Michael Foucault was the major practitioner of this school of criticism.
A. Structuralism B. Mimetic Criticism C. Deconstructionism D. Formalist Criticism
14. This critical approach assumes that language does not refer to any external reality. It can assert
several, contradictory interpretations of one text.
A. Structuralism B. Deconstructionism C. Formalist Criticism D. Mimetic Criticism
15. A critic examining John Milton's "Paradise Lost" focuses on the physical description of the
Garden of Eden, on the symbols of hands, seed, and flower, and on the characters of Adam, Eve,
Satan, and God. He pays special attention to the epic similes and metaphors and the point of view
from which the tale is being told. He looks for meaning in the text itself, and does not refer to any
biography of Milton. He is most likely a ____ critic. A. Formalist B. Mimetic C. Reader Response
D. Feminist
16. This literary critic warned: "We must remember that the greater part of our current reading matter is
written for us by people who have no real belief in a supernatural order . . . And the greater part . . . is
coming to be written by people who not only have no such belief, but are even ignorant of the fact that
there are still people in the world so 'backward' or so 'eccentric' as to continue to believe."
A. Matthew Arnold B. C.S. Lewis C. T.S. Eliot D. G.K. Chesterton
17. A critic of Thomas Otway's "Venice Preserv'd" wishes to know why the play's conspirators, despite
the horrible, bloody details of their obviously brutish plan, are portrayed in a sympathetic light. She
examines the author's life and times and discovers that there are obvious similarities between the
conspiracy in the play and the Popish Plot. She is most likely a _________ critic.
A. Tory B. Historical C. Feminist D. Psychological
18. This poet might be described as a moral or philosophical critic for arguing that works must have
"high seriousness." A. T.S. Eliot B. Virginia Woolf C. Elizabeth Browning D. Matthew
Arnold
19. A critic examining Pope's "An Essay on Man" asks herself: How well does this poem accord with
the real world? Is it accurate? Is it moral? She is most likely a _____ critic.
A. Mimetic B. Formalist C. Feminist D. Reader Response
20. One of the potential disadvantages of this approach to literature is that it can reduce meaning to a
certain time frame, rather than making it universal throughout the ages.
 A. Historical B. Feminist C. Formalist D. MIMET

What’s In: As you work in this sheet; identify the approaches in writing a critique, criticize the texts using
the different approaches of criticism; and apply the appropriate approaches in writing critiques.
What’s New: Exercise, SAY SOMETHING ACTIVITY
Directions: Look at the picture and give at five (5) points that you see. Write your answers in your notebook.

Process Questions: Using you answer in activity 1, did it answer any of the ff. questions?
How did you find the picture? are you thinking about the beautiful nature? What about the location?
Did it cross to your mind who is responsible of taking care of the nature?
What about the feeling of the lady jumping onto the water? Did you ask yourself if you want to do
same?
What about the reasons why God has created this nature for us?
Have you not wondered how God created the beautiful sceneries?
All these questions will be answered critically by using different approaches. This activity leads you to
learn how to write criticism.

What Is It: What is critique?

A critique is a careful analysis of an argument to determine what is said, how well the points are
made, what assumptions underlie the argument, what issues are overlooked, and what implications
are drawn from such observations. It is a systematic, yet personal response and evaluation of what
you read.
-It is a genre of academic writing that briefly summarizes and critically evaluates a work or
concept.

Critiques can be used to carefully analyze a variety of works such as:

• Creative works – novels, exhibits, film, images, poetry
• Research – monographs, journal articles, systematic reviews, theories
• Media – news reports, feature articles
Like an essay, a critique uses a formal, academic writing style and has a clear structure, the IBC,
introduction, body and conclusion. The body of a critique includes a summary of the work and detailed
evaluation. The purpose of an evaluation is to gauge the usefulness or impact of a work in a field.

Why do we write critiques?

Writing a critique on a work helps us to develop:  A knowledge of the work’s subject area or related
works.
• An understanding of the work’s purpose, intended audience, development of argument, structure
of evidence or creative style. A recognition of the strengths and weaknesses of the work.
How to write a critique - have a thorough understanding of the work that will be critiqued;
• Study the work under discussion.
• Make notes on key parts of the work.
 • Develop an understanding of the main argument or purpose being expressed in the work.
• Consider how the work relates to a broader issue or context.

The following are the different approaches in writing a critique:

1. Formalist: This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be
examined on its own terms.” All the elements necessary for understanding the work are contained
within the work itself. Of particular interest to the formalist critic are the elements of form—style,
structure, tone, imagery, etc.— that are found within the text. A primary goal for formalist critics is to
determine how such elements work together with the text’s content to shape its effects upon readers.

Questions to be Asked for Formalistic Approach (as your guide, to sharpen your writing skill)
A. How is the work’s structure unified?
B. How do various elements of the work reinforce its meaning?
C. What recurring patterns (repeated or related words, images, etc.) can you find?
D. What is the effect of these patterns or motifs?
E. How does repetition reinforce the theme(s)?
F. How does the writer’s diction reveal or reflect the work’s meaning?
G. What is the effect of the plot, and what parts specifically produce that effect?
H. What figures of speech are used? (metaphors, similes, etc.)
I. Note the writer’s use of paradox, irony, symbol, plot, characterization, and style of narration.
J. What effects are produced? Do any of these relate to one another or to the theme?
K. Is there a relationship between the beginning and the end of the story?
L. What tone and mood are created at various parts of the work?
M. How does the author create tone and mood? What relationship exists and the effect of the story?
N. How do the various elements interact to create a unified whole?

2. Gender Criticism: This approach “examines how sexual identity influences the creation and
reception of literary works.” Today includes a number of approaches, including the so-called
“masculinist” approach recently advocated by poet Robert Bly. The bulk of gender criticism, however,
is feminist and takes as a central precept that the patriarchal attitudes that have dominated western
thought have resulted, consciously or unconsciously, in literature “full of unexamined ‘male-produced’
assumptions.”
3. Feminist criticism attempts to correct this imbalance by analyzing and combatting such attitudes—by
questioning, for example, why none of the characters in Shakespeare’s play Othello ever challenge
the right of a husband to murder a wife accused of adultery. Other goals of feminist critics include
“analyzing how sexual identity influences the reader of a text” and “examining how the images of men
and women in imaginative literature reflect or reject the social forces that have historically kept the
sexes from achieving total equality.”
Feminist Criticism examines images of women and concepts of the feminine in myth and
literature; uses the psychological, archetypal, and sociological approaches; often focuses on female
characters who have been neglected in previous criticism. Feminist critics attempt to correct or
supplement what they regard as a predominantly male-dominated critical perspective.
Questions to be asked for Feministic Approach: How women’s lives are portrayed in ones work
A. Is the form and content of the work influenced by the writer’s gender?
B. How do male and female characters relate to one another? Are these relationships sources of conflict?
C. Are these conflicts resolved? D. Does the work challenge or affirm traditional views of women?
E. How do the images of women in the story reflect patriarchal social forces that have impeded women’s
efforts to achieve full equality with men?
F. What marital expectations are imposed on the characters? What effect do these expectations have?
G. What behavioral expectations and effects are imposed on the characters? If a female character were
male, how would the story be different (and vice versa)?
H. How does the marital status of a character affect her decisions or happiness?

4. Historical: This approach “seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the social, cultural,
and intellectual context that produced it—a context that necessarily includes the artist’s biography and
milieu.” A key goal for historical critics is to understand the effect of a literary work on original readers.
 Questions to be Asked for Formalistic Approach
A. How does it reflect the time in which it was written?
B. How accurately does the story depict the time in which it is set?
C. What literary or historical influences helped to shape the form and content of the work?
D. How does the story reflect the attitudes and beliefs of the time in which it was written or set? (Consider
beliefs and attitudes related to race, religion, politics, gender, society, philosophy, etc.)
E. What other literary works may have influenced the writer?
F. What historical events or movements might have influenced this writer?
G. How would characters and events in this story have been viewed by the writer’s contemporaries?
H. Does the story reveal or contradict the prevailing values of the time in which it was written?
I. How important is it the historical context (the work’s and the reader’s) to interpreting the work?

5. Reader-Response Criticism: This approach takes as a fundamental tenet that “literature” exists not
as an artifact upon a printed page but as a transaction between the physical text and the mind of a
reader. It attempts “to describe what happens in the reader’s mind while interpreting a text” and
reflects that reading, like writing, is a creative process.
6. Structuralism focused on how human behavior is determined by social, cultural and psychological
structures. It tended to offer a single unified approach to human life that would embrace all
disciplines. The essence of structuralism is the belief that “things cannot be understood in isolation,
they have to be seen in the context of larger structures which contain them. Example, the structuralist
analysis of Donne’s poem, Good Morrow, demands more focus on the relevant genre, the concept of
courtly love, rather than on the close reading of the formal elements of the text.

7. Sociological focuses on man’s relationship to others in society, politics, religion, and business.
Questions to be asked for Sociological Approach
A. What is the relationship between the characters and their society?
B. Does the story address societal issues, such as race, gender, and class?
C. How do social forces shape the power relationships between groups/classes of people in the
story? Who has the power, and who doesn’t? D. How does the story reflect the Great American
Dream?
E. How does the story reflect urban, rural, or suburban values?
F. What does the work say about economic or social power? Who has it ?Any Marxist leanings
evident?
G. Does the story address issues of economic exploitation? What role does money play?
H. How do economic conditions determine the direction of the characters’ lives?
I. Does the work challenge or affirm the social order it depicts?
J. Can the protagonist’s struggle be seen as symbolic of a larger class struggle?
K. How does microcosm (small world) of the story reflect macrocosm (large world) of the society;
L. Do any of the characters correspond to types of government, such as a dictatorship, democracy,
communism, socialism, fascism, etc.? What attitudes on political structures/systems are expressed in
the work?

Now, you have learned the basic principles of writing criticisms. Let’s apply our skill by doing these
activities.
ACTIVITY 1 – APPROACHES IN LITERARY CRITICISM
Directions: Summarize what you understood in your own words. Write your answers in your paper.
APPROACHES IN
LITERARY WHAT IT IS (DEFINITION) HOW IT IS DONE (TECHNIQUE IN WRITING)
CRITICISM
Example: This approach regards literature as A primary goal for formalist critics is to determine
“a unique form of human knowledge how elements of form (style, structure, tone,
Formalism that needs to be examined on its imagery, etc.) work together with the text’s content
own terms.” to shape its effects upon readers.
Gender Criticism
Feminist criticism
Historical
Reader Response
Feminist
Given these approaches in literary criticism you can use to make your own review or critique. Just apply
which is easy for you to do but follow the techniques in using it.

ACTIVITY 2. READ CRITICALLY (An excerpt of the homily of Catholic Archbishop of Manila, Jaime
Cardinal Sin. But before you read it, let us define these words first.
Directions: A. Get the meaning of these words from any dictionary so that you can understand what
you will read: Write your answer in your notebook, but do not submit it yet. It is for your guide.
WORD MEANINGS FROM DICTIONARY
1.Cynic 4.Anarchic 7.Callous 10.Authentic
2.Demoralize 5.Unrelentingly 8.Predominant 11.Vigorously
3.Destabilize 6.Chronic disease 9.Transcend

Ang Bayan Muna Bago ang Sarili (Excerpts from the Homily of Jaime Cardinal Sin
at the mass celebrating the 5th death anniversary of Ninoy Aquino)
(1) Five years later, we might ask ourselves; has Ninoy’s dream been fulfilled? Have we succeeded in
building a new nation, by “transcending our petty selves,” by setting aside our differences by working
together in a spirit of true self-giving, loving our country first, above our own interest? Bayan muna, bago
and sarili. It is a question we must ask ourselves, as we remember Ninoy’s gift.
(2) It has been said that the truest motto of our people is “K.K.K”. No, not Katipunan, shaping unity out
of our diversity. How we wish that were our authentic name! But rather:
Kanya-Kanya’ng Katwiran, Kanya-Kanya’ng Kagustuhan, Kanya-Kanya’ng Kabig (or
worse) Kanya-Kanya’ng Kurakot... (or whatever else each one “specializes” in!)
(3) Cynics among us say that K.K.K is the definition of our national character, the predominant strain in
our national culture. It’s what we are when we are “most natural”, most ourselves. “Bayan muna, Bago
and Sarili” is an abstract, nonoperative ideal, good for speeches, good for posters, goo for classroom
rhetoric but not for real, not for real life. For real is K.K.K.
(4) Kanya-Kanyang Katwiran, Kanya-Kanyang kagustuhan. We all remember the three monkeys; See
no Evil, hear no evil, speak no evil. Sometimes one wonders, if it has become a national pastime, to see
and hear and speak nothing, but evil against our fellow-citizens. Talk can be a great service in a free
nation: Talk is space for free discussion, for intelligent debate, the exchange of information and
perception, the clash of views.
(5) Ninoy himself said: “We must criticize in order to be free, because we are free only when we
criticized.” We may not, at our own peril, forget that. But we must remind ourselves that criticism is not an
end in itself; it is not the absolute.
(6) There is a Latin saying: “Unicuique suum, non praevalebunt.” “Every man for himself: That’s the
formula for disaster.” When Ninoy spoke of “the quest for that elusive national unity which is imperative
for the nation’s survival”-he said “survival”. He meant “survival”. How can we survive, as a nation and as
a people, if we have made the name of our national game as anarchic free-for-all in a “basket of crabs?”
(7) K.K.K also means, we are told, Kanya Kanyang Kabig, Kanya- Kanyang Kurakot. Surely I don’t
need to dwell on this theme this morning. For weeks, the papers, radios, TV, have shouted nothing else.
It is the talk of the marketplace. I myself have spoken, often enough, of the 40 big thieves left behind in
our midst, and many many smaller ones which might include . . . even ourselves? Who among us did not
re-echo the sentiments and the work of the beloved Chino Roces when he asked for a renewed moral
order in government and society? It is a problem which must be addressed, and addressed vigorously
and unrelentingly.
(8) If all we do is talk and talk, and throw dirt at each other-forgetting to mind the ship and its engines,
and steer it in mine-filled waters-why, we will still be taking and quarrelling when our ship goes into the
sea!
(9) If everyone in this church this morning, in Ninoy’s memory, pledge before the Lord that for one
year, “Bayan Muna, Bago ang Sarili”, would really be made an operative guideline, could it not mark at
least a beginning? If for one year, just to get going, we would make the principle govern our deeds, our
conduct in society, would that not be smart already? How can we “dream the impossible dream” and
promise to follow the stars” if we have become too calloused to do even this?
 B. Answer the questions given: Write your answers in your notebook.
1. What critical approach did he use? Explain why you think that is the approach.
2. Do you agree with the author or not? Why or why not?
*What you read is a critique of how one expresses opinions using one approach in criticism. A good model to follow.

ACTIVITY 3
Directions: Read the poem “ADAM”, by Hugh Cook critically. Criticize it using feministic approaches.
Write your answers in your paper.
ADAM
“Eden is boring. Nothing explodes. There are no trains to fall off the tracks.
And Adam finds himself; With something missing. Comic books? Broadband? Balsamic vinegar?
Pachinko? Razor blades? Plasma TV? He's aware of an itch And scratching Has yet to be invented.
He eyes the fruit, The One Forbidden Thing. "Not yet," says the serpent, Who's seen the script.
But Adam is engineered for impatience: Quests, missions, objectives, Grails unholy or otherwise. "Out!"
says the angel. And Adam shrugs, Loses the core, Strides to the open gate.
Something on two legs Is running after him.”
ACTIVITY 4: BAHAY; Read or sing this song “Bahay”. Make your criticism by completing the graphic
organizer. Do it in your paper.
1. SOCIOLOGICAL issue:
2. READER RESPONSE:
Here is the- song: Bahay by: Gary Granada Musixmatch
Source:

Isang araw ako'y nadalaw sa bahay tambakan, Labinglimang mag-anak ang duo'y nagsiksikan
Nagtitiis sa munting barung-barong na sira-sira, Habang doon sa isang mansyon halos walang nakatira
Sa init ng tabla't karton sila doo'y nakakulong, Sa lilim ng yerong kalawang at mga sirang gulong
Pinagtagpi-tagping basurang pinatungan ng bato, Hindi ko maintindihan bakit ang tawag sa ganito Ay
bahay
Sinulat ko ang nakita ng aking mga mata, Ang kanilang kalagayan ginawan ko ng kanta
Iginuhit at isinalarawan ang naramdaman, At sinangguni ko sa mga taong marami ang alam
Isang bantog na senador ang unang nilapitan ko, At dalubhasang propesor ng malaking kolehiyo
Ang pinagpala sa mundo, ang dyaryo at ang pulpit,Lahat sila'y nagkasundo tawag sa ganito Ay bahay

Maghapo't magdamag silang kakayod, kakahig, Pagdaka'y tutukang nakaupo lang sa sahig
Sa papag na gutay-gutay, pipiliting hihimlay, Di hamak na mainam pa ang pahingahan ng mga patay
Baka naman isang araw kayo doon ay maligaw, Mahipo n'yo at marinig at maamoy at matanaw
Hindi ako nangungutya, kayo na rin ang magpasya,
Sa palagay ninyo kaya, ito sa mata ng Maylikha Ay bahay

Activity 5: On Internet! Critique on this essay, on INTERNET using sociological technique, in your paper.
From: https://www.toppr.com/guides/essays/essay-on-uses-of-internet/
The Internet has become a sensation nowadays. It is something that humans cannot function without
anymore. We use the internet for almost every little and a big task now. The Internet has basically made
our lives easier and convenient. The world is at our fingertips now, thanks to the internet. When we see
how it has changed the scenario of the modern world, we can’t help but notice its importance. It is used in
all spheres of life now.
The world has become smaller because of the internet. Now we can communicate with our loved ones
oceans away. The days of letter writing are gone where we had to wait for weeks to get a reply. Everything
is instant now. Even though telephones allowed us to do that, but the cost was too high. The common man
could not afford to call people overseas because of the costs.
However, the internet changed that. Communicating with people both near and far is now easy and
affordable. We can send those emails and chat with them through instant messaging apps. We may also
video call them using the internet which allows us to see them clearly even though we are miles away.
Furthermore, we can now get instant news updates from all over the world. The moment anything takes
place anywhere in the world, we get to know about it. In addition, we are informed about the natural
calamities within the correct time. Moreover, we can easily contact our job recruiters using the internet. Job
application has been made so much easier through the internet.

Entertainment and the Internet go hand in hand now. Everything is at your fingertips to enjoy. You can
book movie tickets easily on the internet. Gone are the days of waiting in long queues to get the ticket
 for the latest movie. It can all be done through the comfort of your home. Similarly, you can also book
match tickets and concert tickets without going through the hassle of standing in long lines.
In addition, we can now do all our shopping online. The Internet allows you to browse through a large
assortment of products with all the details given. Furthermore, you may also filter the categories to find
exactly what you are looking for within seconds.
Nowadays, web series are quite a hit amongst the youth. They do not watch TV anymore; rather they enjoy
the web series. You can get your daily dose of entertainment from the internet now. Whether you want to
hear the latest music, you don’t have to spend a hefty amount to buy the CD.
Thus, we see how the internet has changed and made our lives easy in various ways. We can connect with
our loved ones easily and get access to unlimited entertainment instantly
(Good luck! read back the notes to help you critique on these WORKS. Submit your answer sheets arranged and labeled
by titles and activity orderly, check your work using the key answer sand write your scores near your name.
MAKE SURE TO READ THE KEY ANSWERS AND ANSWER YOUR ACTIVITIES ACCORDINGLY, thank you)

KEY Answers: (check if your answers are almost similar to these, rate yourself over 10 points, write your scores
Exercise (in your notebook) : Answers vary -5 points to you as long as you gave any 5 related answers to the picture
Activity 1: get perfect score if you defined all the given terms, write your score in your paper
Activity 2, 3, 4, 5 rate yourself over 10 pts. as you deserve, in your paper write the summary of your scores.
male -dominated critical perspective.
sociological approaches; what they regard as a predominantly
the psychological, archetyp al, and attempt to correct or supplement
feminine in myth and literature; uses previous criticism. Feminist critics
women and concepts of the who have been neglected in
It tended to examine images of often focuses on female characters Feminist
class
issues, such as race, gender, and
Relate the story address societal
society? and business.
between the characters and their others in society, politics, religi on,
It tended to identify the relationship focuses on man’s relationship to Sociological
 What I Know: 1.a 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.b 8.d 9.b 10.a 11-13.a 14.b 15.a 16.c 17.b 18.d 19.a 20.a
–
Activity 2 Approaches in Literary Criticisms
APPROACHES IN WHAT IT IS HOW IT IS DONE
LITERARY CRITICISM ( DEFINITION
( ) TECHNIQUE IN WRITING )
Example: This approach regards literature as A primary goal for formalist critics is
“a unique form of human knowledge to determine how elements of form
Formalist criticism that( needs to be examined on its style, structure, tone, imagery, etc.)
own terms.” work together with the text’sontent
c
to shape its effects upon readers.
Gender criticism This approach “examines how This includes a number of
sexual identity influences the approaches, including the so -called
creation and reception of literary “masculinist” approach and
works.” feminism which takes as a central
precept that the patriarchal attitudes
that have dominated western
thought have resulted, consciously
or unconsciously, in literature “full of
unexamined ‘male -produced’
assumptions.”
Historical Criticism This approach “seeks to understand historical critics try to understand
a literary work by investigating the the effect of a literary work upon its
social, cultural, and intellectual original readers.
context that produced it
Reader-Response Criticism This approach takes as a It attempts “to describe what
fundamental tenet that “literature” happens in the reader’s mind while
exists not as an artifact upon a interpreting a text” and reflects
printed page but as a transaction that reading, like writing, is a
between the physical text and the creative process.
mind of a reader.
Structuralism It is focused on how human It tended to offer a single unified
behavior is determined by social, approach to human life that would
cultural and psychological embrace all discipli nes. The
structures. essence of structuralism is the
belief that “things cannot be
understood in isolation, they have to
be seen in the context of larger
structures which contain them.