LEADERSHIP

CONCEPTS
Leader is a part of management and one of the most significant elements of direction. A
leader may or may not be manager but a manager must a leader. A manager as a leader must lead
his subordinate s and also inspire them to achieve organizational goals. Thus leadership is the
driving force which gets the things done by others.
Leadership represents an abstract quality in a man. It is a psychological process of
influencing followers or subordinates and providing guidance to them. Thus the essence of
leadership is follower ship. It is the followers who make a person as leader. An executive has to
earn followers. He may get subordinates because he is in authority but he may not get a
follower unless he makes the people to follow him only willing followers can and will make him
a leader.
DEFINITON
LEADER

A person who demonstrates and exercise influence and power over others. Leaders have a vision
and influence others by their actions and comments.

LEADERSHIP
Leadership is the ability to influence other people
Lansdale
Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce subordinate to work with zeal confidence.
Koontz and O Donnell
Leadership as the ability to secure desirable actions from a group of followers voluntary, without
the use of coercion.
Afford and Beaty
Leadership is the activity to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the
human factor which binds a group together and motivate it towards goals
Keith Davis
Leadership is the lifting of mans vision to higher sights, the rising of mans performance to higher
standard, the building of mans personality beyond its normal limitation.
Peter Drucker

BY Mr. ARUN PIRAVOM ( arunpiravom1986@yahoo.in)

IMPORTANCE-

a) LEADERS MOTIVATES PEOPLE

A leader motivates employees for

higher output through motivational techniques. The leader himself acts as a motivating
factor.

b) LEADER COUNSELS EMPLOYEES

In an organization people needs counseling to reduce the emotional
disequilibrium and to remove barriers to effective performance. A leader solves such
types of problems and makes employees happy. Thus, a leader acts as a counselor.

c) LEADER DEVELOPS TEAM SPIRIT

A leader creates confidence in his subordinates and gains their faith and
cooperation. Besides, the leader provides environment conductive to work which results
in team spirit.

d) LEADERS AIMS AT TIME MANAGEMENT

Leader is in a position to utilize time productivity in an organization. A leader gets things

done by people by the proper time management.

e) LEADER STRIVES FOR EFFECTIVENESS

A leader brings effectiveness to an organization by providing the workers with the
necessary resources in terms of money, methods, climate, work environment, etc.

FUNCTIONS OF LEADERSHIP-

Executive, Planner, Policy maker, Expert, External group representative, Controller of

internal relation, Purveyor of rewards and punishment

TYPES OF LEADERSHIP

a) INTELLECTUAL LEADER
He is one who possesses rich knowledge and technical competence. All his
subordinates listen and follow his advice because of his specialized intellectual authority.

e.g.- financial advisor, legal advisor, etc

b) CREATIVE LEADER

BY Mr. ARUN PIRAVOM ( arunpiravom1986@yahoo.in)

 Creative leader uses the technique of ‘circular response’ to encourage ideas to
flow from group to him and vice versa. He draws out the best in his followers and
controls them with zeal to attain the goals.

c) PERSUASIVE LEADER
He gains faith and confidence from his followers. He possesses a magnetic
personality which attracts followers which helps to get work done by them effectively.

d) INSTITUTIONAL LEADER
When a person becomes a leader by virtue of his position, he is called an
institutional leader. e.g. - the principal of a college, managing director of a company

e) DEMOCRATIC LEADER
A democratic leader is one who does not lead but is lead by his followers. In other
words, he follows the opinion of the majority of his followers and delegates most of his
power to them.

f) AUTOCRATIC LEADER
He is one who dominates and drives his group through coercion and command.
He institutes a sense of fear among his followers. Such leaders love power and never
delegate their authority.

THEORIES:-

1. TRAIT THEORY/GREAT MAN THEORY-

This theory suggests that leaders have some inborn traits. They have certain set of
characteristics that are crucial for inspiring others towards a common goal. A successful leader is
supposed to have the following traits- good personality, tirelessness, capacity to read other’s
mind, ability to make quick decision, courage, persuasion, intelligence, reliability, imagination

2. STYLE THEORY-
This focuses on what leaders do in relational and contextual terms. The achievement of
satisfactory performance measures requires supervisors to pursue effective relationships with
their subordinates, while comprehending the factors in the work environment that influence
outcomes.

3. TRANSACTIONAL/TRANSFORMATIONAL THEORY

This theory describes the relationship between leaders and followers. New concepts such
as empowerment, inspiration motivation and social learning are present. This refers to a process
whereby the leader attends to the needs and motives of followers so that interaction raises to high
levels of motivation and morality.

4. SITUATIONAL THEORY

BY Mr. ARUN PIRAVOM ( arunpiravom1986@yahoo.in)

 THIS THEORY believes that leadership effectiveness depended on the relationship
among the leaders task at hand, their interpersonal skills and the favorableness the work
situation. This theory considers the challenge of situation and encourages an adaptive leadership
style to complement the issue being faced.

STYLES OF LEADERSHIP

1. AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP:
Tleader assumes complete control over the decisions and activities of the group.

CHARACTERISTIC OF THE LEADER

 Firm personality, insistent, self-assured, highly directive, dominating.

 Has high concern for the work than for the people who performs task
 Shows no regards to the interests of the employees
 Set rigid standards and method of performance and expects the sudordinates to
obey the rules and follow the same
 Makes all decision by himself or herself
 Minimal group participation or none from the workers

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Efficient in time of crisis, easy to make Does not encourage the individuals growth
decision by one group and less time and does not recognize the potentials,
consuming imitativeness and creates less cooperation
among members
It is useful when there is only leader who is Leader lacks supportive power that results
experienced having new and essential in decision made with consultation
information, while subordinates are in although he may be correct
experienced and new

It is useful when the workers are unsure of Less job satisfaction leads to less
taking decision and expect the leader to tell commitment to goals of the organization
what to do

2. DEMOCRATIC LEADER

Participative consultative style of leadership

CHARACTERISTIC OF THE LEADER

BY Mr. ARUN PIRAVOM ( arunpiravom1986@yahoo.in)

  Sense of equality among leader and followers
 Open system of communication prevails
 Interaction between the leader and group is friendly and trusting
 Leader works through people not by domination but by suggestions and
persuasions

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Encourages all employee in decision It takes more time for taking decision by
making the group than the leader alone

Promotes personnel involvement, greater

commitment to work and enhance job
satisfaction

3. LAISSARE-FAIRE LEADERSHIP
Free- Rein, Anarchic and Ultraliberal style of leadership. The leader gives up all
power to the group.

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES

 Encourages independent activity by the group member

 Group members are tree to set their own goals determine their own activities and
allowed to do almost what they desire to do
 Style effective in highly motivating professional growth

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

In limited situations creativity may be May lead to instability, disorganization,

encouraged for specific purposes inefficiency, no unity of action

To try new method of action Lack of feeling responsible to solve the

problem that may arise. Individual will lose
interest, initiative and desire for
achievement

4. BUREAUCRATIC LEADERSHIP

BY Mr. ARUN PIRAVOM ( arunpiravom1986@yahoo.in)

 In this the leader function only with rules and regulations. Leader cannot be
flexible and does not like to take any risk out of the rules. E.g defense leader

Characteristics of leadership
1. It is a personal quality of character and behavior in man which enables him to exert
internal personal influence.
2. It is concerned with the lying down group objectives and polices for the followers,
motivating them coordinating their efforts to accomplish the objectives.
3. It pre – supposes the existence of a group followers.
4. Its style may differ from situation to situation.
5. It is the ability to perused others and motivate them to work for accomplishing certain
objectives.
6. It is process of influencing exercised by leader on members of a group.
7. It involves an unequal distribution of authority among leaders and groups.

LEADERSHIP SKILLS

A. SKILLS OF PERSONAL BEHAVIOUR

 Sensitive to the feeling of the group
 Identifies self with needs of the group
 Does not ridicule or criticize others suggestion
 Does not argue
B. SKILLS OF COMMUNICATION
 Listen attentively
 Make sure everyone understands
 Establish positive communication with the group
 Recognizes that everyone’s contribution are important
C. SKILLS OF ORGANIZATION
 Develop short and long term objectives
 Break big problem into small ones
 Share responsibilities and opportunities
 Plan, act, follow-up and evaluate
D. SKILLS OF SEF EXAMINATION
 Aware of personal motivation
 Aware of group members
 Helps group to aware of their attitudes and values
S- Self reliant
E- enthusiastic

BY Mr. ARUN PIRAVOM ( arunpiravom1986@yahoo.in)

 L- Loyal
F- Factual

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Factors Leadership Management

Source of power Personal abilities Authority delegated

Focus Vision and purpose Operating results

Approach Transformational Transactional

Process Inspiration Control

Emphasis Collectively Individualism

Futurity Proactive Reactive

Type Formal and informal Formal

APPLICATION OF LEADERSHIP IN NURSING

1. Patient care coordination :
Even new graduate nurses have leadership responsibilities when they begin in nursing.
Nursing leadership begins with nursing care of the individual patient. The students are
guide to organize nursing care.
 Establish good and priorities for each day.
 Establish time
 Establish success and failure
2. Employee responsibilities :
Nurses have specific tasks or duties to perform. These tasks are determined by the plan
and objective of the health care agency. It is important to read your job description
carefully and to continue to evaluate how institutional factor s influences your own
practice of nursing. Factors that compromise quality care should be noted and addressed
in construction with experience nurses.
3. Guidelines for delegating nursing care :

BY Mr. ARUN PIRAVOM ( arunpiravom1986@yahoo.in)

 New graduate nurses use leadership techniques when they direct the work of
nonprofessional staff and volunteers and consider delegating tasks to nonprofessional
staff.

4. Mentorship:
It is a relationship in which an experienced individual advise and assist a less
experienced individual. This is an effective way of easing a new nurse into leadership
responsibilities
5. Preceptor ship:
An alternative model is preceptor ship. The preceptor is selected to introduce an
employee to new responsibilities through teaching and guidance. The relationship is
limited by the new employee s needs.
6. Continuing education : leadership , managerial and administrative skills are needed
CONCLUSION
Till now we discuss regarding leadership style characteristics qualities, importance types of
leadership, manager behaviour models effectiveness of leadership style application in nursing
from this we can now leadership very essential in motivating peoples in all various fields and
change their behavior.

BY Mr. ARUN PIRAVOM ( arunpiravom1986@yahoo.in)

BY Mr. ARUN PIRAVOM ( arunpiravom1986@yahoo.in)