TEMPLATE TUGAS MATERNITAS

Nama : ALESYA KARMITA

NIM : PO.71.20.2.20.050
Kelas : TK.2B

Judul Artikel (Asli Dan Terjemahan)

Consumption And In Vivo Digestibility Of Feed Supplemented By Katuk (Sauropus
Androgynus) And Gamal (Gliricidia Sepium) Leaves In Friesian Holstein Cattle.
Konsumsi Dan Kecernaan Pakan In Vivo Suplementasi Daun Katuk (Sauropus
Androgynus) Dan Gamal (Gliricidia Sepium) Pada Sapi Friesian Holstein.

Peneliti
Sutomo S1,2, S Garantjang2, A Natsir2dan A Ako2

Nama Jurnal/ DOI/Penerbit/ Nomor/ Edisi/ Tahun

Earth and Environmental Science/ Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/473/1/012119/ IOP Publishing/
473/ (2020) 012119
Ilmu Bumi dan Lingkungan/ Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/473/1/012119/ Penerbitan IOP/ 473/
(2020)012119

Abstrak
The aim of this research is to understand the effects of katuk and gamal leaf
supplementation on production and quality of milk at early lactation period. The research
was conducted in dairy cattle husbandry, Enrekang, with completely randomized design
consisting of 4 treatments and 4 repetitions, yielding totally 16 experimental units. The
experimental diet was made of forage (60%), concentrate (25%), gamal leaf (15%), and
katuk leaf (135 g, 155 gr, 175 g). The results showed that supplementation with katuk leaf
significantly contributed to production of milk. The diet enriched with katuk leaf of 155 gr
and gamal leaf of 15% (treatment P2) was evidenced to exert desirable effects on
consumption and digestibility of the forage as source of fibers.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh katuk dan gamal suplementasi daun
terhadap produksi dan kualitas ASI pada awal masa laktasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di
peternakan sapi perah, Enrekang, dengan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari 4
perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, menghasilkan total 16 satuan percobaan. Pakan percobaan
berupa hijauan (60%), konsentrat (25%), gamal daun(15%), dan katuk daun(135 g, 155 gr,
175 g). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi dengan katuk daunmemberikan
kontribusi yang nyata terhadap produksi susu. Pakan yang diperkaya dengan katuk
daun155 gr dan gamal daun15% (perlakuan P2) terbukti memberikan efek yang diinginkan
pada konsumsi dan kecernaan hijauan sebagai sumber serat.
Metode Penelitian :
The experiment was performed in local animal husbandry located in Sub-district of
Cendana, District of Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan, between June 2017 and June 2018. This
in vivo experiment involved dairy cattle Friesian Holstein (FH) fed with diets containing
katuk and gamal leaf. The animals were reared in cages with feeders and waterers;
further, Salter weighing scale was used to measure feed consumption. A total of 16 cattles
(average weight of 300 – 450 kg, at early lactation level (first and second period, lactation
period of 1 – 6 months). Experimental diets were made from forage (Pennisetum
purpureum), gamal laef, katuk leaf powder, and concentrate. The experiment was
arranged according to completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications
[10]. The treatments included P0 (60% forage, 25% concentrate, 15% gamal leaf), P1
(60% forage, 25% concentrate, 15% gamal leaf, 135 g katuk leaf), P2 (60% forage, 25%
concentrate, 15% gamal leaf, 155 g katuk leaf), and P3 (60% forage, 25% concentrate,
15% gamal leaf, and 175 g katuk leaf).

Penelitian dilakukan di peternakan lokal yang terletak di Kecamatan Cendana,

Kabupaten Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan, antara Juni 2017 dan Juni 2018. Percobaan in
vivo ini melibatkan sapi perah Friesian Holstein (FH) yang diberi pakan yang mengandung
katuk dan daun gamal. Hewan-hewan itu dipelihara dalam kandang dengan tempat makan
dan minum; Selanjutnya, timbangan salter digunakan untuk mengukur konsumsi pakan.
Total 16 ekor sapi (berat rata-rata 300 – 450 kg, pada tingkat awal laktasi (periode
pertama dan kedua, periode laktasi 1 – 6 bulan) Pakan percobaan berupa hijauan
(Pennisetum purpureum), gamal laef, bubuk daun katuk , dan konsentrat.Percobaan
disusun menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan
tersebut meliputi P0 (60% hijauan, 25% konsentrat, 15% daun gamal), P1 (60% hijauan,
25% konsentrat, 15% daun gamal, 135 g daun katuk), P2 (60% hijauan, 25% konsentrat,
15% daun gamal, 155 g daun katuk), dan P3 (60% hijauan, 25% konsentrat, 15% daun
gamal, dan 175 g daun katuk.

Result / Hasil Penelitian :

3.1 Effects On Feed Consumption And Digestibility
Table 1 presents the consumption and digestibility of experimental diets.
Table 1. Average consumption and digestibility in dairy cattle fed with diets containing
katuk and gamal leaf.

3.1 Pengaruh Terhadap Konsumsi Pakan Dan Kecernaan

Tabel 1 menyajikan konsumsi dan kecernaan pakan percobaan
Tabel 1. Rata-rata konsumsi dan kecernaan pada sapi perah yang diberi pakan yang
mengandung katuk dan  daun gamal
Discussion/ Pembahasan:
 Nutrient Consumption
 Konsumsi Hara
Nutrient consumption Statistical analysis revealed that feed supplementation given
showed significant effect on consumptive rate of dry matter, but not on consumptive rate of
organic matter (P>0.05). As exhibited in Table 1, the average consumption of dry matter
was recorded as follows: P0 (6.22 kg/ind/day), P1 (7.16 kg/ind/day), P2 (7.26 kg/ind/day)
and P3 (6.65 kg/ind/day). Regarding to consumption of dry matter, the value was higher in
feed enriched with katuk leaf than in control group (P <0.05), although no significant
difference was observed between P1 and P3. The highest consumption of dry matter was
attributed to P2, while the lowest one was found in control group. Furthermore, the
consumption of organic matter in feed supplemented with katuk leaf was described as
follows: P0 (7.60kg/ind/day), P1 (8.07 kg/ind/day), P2 (8.52 kg/ind/day) and P3 (8.61
kg/ind/day). It is noteworthy that the score tends to increase as more katuk leaf is added in
the experimental diet.

Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi pakan yang diberikan berpengaruh

nyata terhadap laju konsumsi bahan kering, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju
konsumsi bahan organik (P>0,05). Seperti ditunjukkan pada Tabel 1, rata-rata konsumsi
bahan kering tercatat sebagai berikut: P0 (6,22 kg/ind/hari), P1 (7,16 kg/ind/hari), P2 (7,26
kg/ind/hari) dan P3 (6,65 kg/ind/hari). Untuk konsumsi bahan kering, nilai pakan yang
diperkaya denganlebih tinggi katuk daundibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (P<0,05),
meskipun tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara P1 dan P3. Konsumsi bahan kering tertinggi
terdapat pada P2, sedangkan konsumsi terendah terdapat pada kelompok kontrol.
Selanjutnya konsumsi bahan organik dalam pakan suplemen katuk daundigambarkan
sebagai berikut: P0 (7,60 kg/ind/hari), P1 (8,07 kg/ind/hari), P2 (8,52 kg/ind/hari) dan P3
( 8,61 kg/ind/hari). Patut dicatat bahwa skor cenderung meningkat karena lebih banyak
daun katuk ditambahkan dalam pakan percobaan.

Treatment of P0 is control group, representing feed composition often applied in the

current animal husdandry. In this experiment, the consumption of feed could be improved
with presence of katuk leaf at dose of 135 g (P1) and 155 g (P2); nevertheless, the
digestibility of dry matter in P3 tended to decline, which related to astringent odor derived
from katuk leaf, thereby reducing the palability. Previous studies reported by Preston and
Leng (1984), the high consumption rate of feed would rely on nutritional balance in
digestion, since demand for nutrition served as main inducer transmitted to hypothalamus
in which appetizing is modulated. The imbalance in feed nutrition would then impact to
feed consumption.

Perlakuan P0 adalah kelompok kontrol, yang merupakan komposisi pakan yang sering
diterapkan pada peternakan saat ini. Pada percobaan ini konsumsi pakan dapat
ditingkatkan dengan adanya katuk daunpada dosis 135 g (P1) dan 155 g (P2); Namun
demikian, kecernaan bahan kering pada P3 cenderung menurun, yang berkaitan dengan
bau astringen yang berasal dari katuk daunsehingga mengurangi palabilitasnya. Penelitian
sebelumnya yang dilaporkan oleh Preston dan Leng (1984), tingginya tingkat konsumsi
pakan akan bergantung pada keseimbangan nutrisi dalam pencernaan, karena permintaan
nutrisi berfungsi sebagai penginduksi utama yang ditransmisikan ke hipotalamus di mana
selera dimodulasi. Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi pakan kemudian akan berdampak pada
konsumsi pakan.

In addition, the results also demonstrated that feed supplementation of katuk leaf
showed a variety of score in the consumption of crude protein, i.e. P0 (0.59 kg/ind/day), P1
(1.03 kg/ind/day), P2 (1.20 kg/ind/day) and P3 (1.17 kg/ind/day). Besides, the data
exhibited that consumption of crude protein in P2 was found significantly higher than that in
P1 and control group, but still comparable to P3. The highest consumption rate of crude
protein was found in P2, while the lowest one was attributed to control group. In terms of
crude fiber, the consumption rate between treatments slightly differed, as presented in
Table 1: P0 (1.39 kg/ind/day), P1 (1.70 kg/ind/day), P2 (1.73 kg/ind/day) and P3 (1.30
kg/ind/day). Specifically, P2 exhibited the greatest score (P <0.05) among the treatments
given, though not statistically differ from P1.

Selain itu, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi pakan katuk
daunmenunjukkan skor yang bervariasi dalam konsumsi protein kasar, yaitu P0 (0,59
kg/ind/hari), P1 (1,03 kg/ind/hari), P2 (1,20 kg/ind/hari). /ind/hari) dan P3 (1,17 kg/ind/hari).
Selain itu, data menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi protein kasar di P2 ditemukan secara
signifikan lebih tinggi daripada di P1 dan kelompok kontrol, tetapi masih sebanding dengan
P3. Tingkat konsumsi protein kasar tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok P2, sedangkan
konsumsi terendah pada kelompok kontrol. Dalam hal serat kasar, tingkat konsumsi antar
perlakuan sedikit berbeda, seperti disajikan pada Tabel 1: P0 (1,39 kg/ind/hari), P1 (1,70
kg/ind/hari), P2 (1,73 kg/ind/hari) dan P3 (1,30 kg/ind/hari). Secara khusus, P2
menunjukkan skor terbesar (P<0,05) di antara perlakuan yang diberikan, meskipun tidak
berbeda secara statistik dari P1.

Considering isoprotein as important element in feed, the consumption of crude protein in

feed consistently followed consumption of dry feed. In this case, treatment of P2 yielded
the higher score than P0, P1 and P3; the consumption of crude protein would raise as
more katuk leaf was incorporated in feed up to 155 g (P2). Interestingly, it then depleted at
proportion of 175 g (P3). Furthermore, as mentioned in Table 1, consumption of crude fiber
increased with a higher proportion of katuk leaf in feed. For this reason, the consumptive
rate of nutrition is influenced by consumption of dry matter and content of nutrition in all
treatments. Digestibility may vary noticeably, depending on content of crude fiber, crude
protein, feed treatment, species of the animals, and quantity of feed. Palability remains the
major factor describing the difference between consumption of dry matter among diets and
less productive livestocks. Afterwards, it is argued that palability often relates to high
digestibility of feed.

Mengingat isoprotein sebagai unsur penting dalam pakan, konsumsi protein kasar
dalam pakan secara konsisten mengikuti konsumsi pakan kering. Dalam hal ini, perlakuan
P2 menghasilkan skor yang lebih tinggi dari P0, P1 dan P3; konsumsi protein kasar akan
meningkat karena lebih banyak katuk daunyang dimasukkan ke dalam pakan hingga 155 g
(P2). Menariknya, itu kemudian habis pada proporsi 175 g (P3). Selanjutnya, seperti
disebutkan pada Tabel 1, konsumsi serat kasar meningkat dengan proporsilebih tinggi
katuk yang daundalam pakan. Untuk itu laju konsumsi gizi dipengaruhi oleh konsumsi
bahan kering dan kandungan gizi pada semua perlakuan. Kecernaan dapat sangat
bervariasi, tergantung pada kandungan serat kasar, protein kasar, perlakuan pakan,
spesies hewan, dan jumlah pakan. Palabilitas tetap menjadi faktor utama yang
menjelaskan perbedaan antara konsumsi bahan kering antara pakan dan ternak yang
kurang produktif. Setelah itu, dikatakan bahwa palabilitas sering berhubungan dengan
kecernaan pakan yang tinggi.

 Utrient Digestibility
 Kecernaan Hara
This present data statistically suggested that feed supplementation with katuk leaf
unaltered digestion of dry matter and organic matter (P>0,05). The average percentage of
dry matter digestion was recorded at P0 (42.85%), P1 (47.04%), P2 (47.35%) and P3
(44.67%), while the average percentage of organic matter was reported at P0 (41.23%), P1
(46.57%), P2 (46.04%) and P3 (51.35%). In short, the results indicated that higher
proportion of katuk leaf would result in higher digestibility of dry matter and organic matter
present in experimental diets.
Data ini menunjukkan secara statistik bahwa suplementasi pakan dengan katuk
dauntidak mengubah kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik (P>0,05). Persentase
rata-rata pencernaan bahan kering tercatat di P0 (42,85%), P1 (47,04%), P2 (47,35%) dan
P3 (44,67%) , sedangkan persentase rata-rata bahan organik dilaporkan pada P0
(41,23%), P1 (46,57%), P2 (46,04%) dan P3 (51,35%). Singkatnya, hasilnya menunjukkan
bahwa proporsi yang lebih tinggi katuk daun akan menghasilkan kecernaan bahan kering
dan bahan organik yang lebih tinggi dalam pakan percobaan.

Analysis of variance showed that supplementation of katuk leaf provided noticeable

impacts to digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat. The average percentage
for crude protein digestibility in feed enriched with katuk leaf was found as follows: P0
(47.04%), P1 (56.62%), P2 (57.10%) and P3 (61.89%), while for crude fiber elucidated as
follows: P0 (38.65%), P1 (43.64%), P2 (46.41%) and P3 (44.07%).

Analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi katuk daunmemberikan pengaruh

yang nyata terhadap kecernaan protein kasar, serat kasar, dan lemak kasar. Persentase
rata-rata kecernaan protein kasar pada pakan yang diperkaya dengan katuk daunadalah
sebagai berikut: P0 (47,04%), P1 (56,62%), P2 (57,10%) dan P3 (61,89%), sedangkan
untuk serat kasar dijelaskan sebagai berikut: P0 (38,65%), P1 (43,64%), P2 (46,41%) dan
P3 (44,07%).

Statistically, our experimental data explained that digestibility of crude protein in P3

was higher than other treatments (P<0.05); although, there was no significant difference
between P1 and P2. In case of crude fiber, the digestibility in P2 was statistically revealed
to be higher than in control (P<0.05), but it did not differ from P1 and P3. The properties of
rumen microbes could be estimated through understanding the digestibility of nutrients
present in diets of the ruminant animals. The microbial quantity and type dominating the
rumen depend mostly on the feed.

Secara statistik, data percobaan kami menjelaskan bahwa kecernaan protein kasar
pada P3 lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya (P<0,05); meskipun, tidak ada
perbedaan yang signifikan antara P1 dan P2. Dalam hal serat kasar, kecernaan di P2
secara statistik terungkap lebih tinggi daripada di kontrol (P<0,05), tetapi tidak berbeda
dari P1 dan P3. Sifat-sifat mikroba rumen dapat diperkirakan melalui pemahaman
kecernaan nutrisi yang ada dalam makanan hewan ruminansia. Kuantitas dan jenis
mikroba yang mendominasi rumen sebagian besar bergantung pada pakan.
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