CH 11

Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
Chapter 11
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
True / False Questions
1. If the null hypothesis states that there is no difference between the mean income of males
and the mean income of females, then the test is one-tailed.
True False
2. If the null hypothesis states that there is no difference between the mean net income of
retail stores in Chicago and New York City, then the test is two-tailed.
True False
3. In testing the difference between two population proportions, we pool the two sample
proportions to estimate the population proportion.
True False
4. The pooled estimate of the proportion is found by dividing the total number of samples by
the total number of successes.
True False
5. If we are testing for the difference between two population proportions, it is assumed that
the two populations are approximately normal and have equal variances.
True False
6. When the standard deviations are equal but unknown, a test for the differences between two
population means has n - 1 degrees of freedom.
True False
11-1
7. If we are testing for the difference between two population means and assume that the two
populations have equal but unknown standard deviations, the variances are pooled to compute
the best estimated variance.
True False
populations have equal and unknown standard deviations, the degrees of freedom are
computed as (n1)(n2) - 1.
True False
9. If two independent samples of size 10 with unequal standard deviations are used to test the
difference between the means, the degrees of freedom for a t-statistic are 18.
True False
10. When independent samples, with unknown, unequal standard deviations, are used to test
for differences in the means, we pool the sample variances.
True False
11. A statistics professor wants to compare grades in two different classes of the same course.
This is an example of a paired sample.
True False
12. If we are testing for the difference between two population means, it is assumed that the
sample observations from one population are independent of the sample observations from the
other population.
True False
13. When dependent samples are used to test for differences in the means, we compute paired
differences.
True False
11-2
14. If two dependent samples of size 20 are used to test the difference between the means, the
degrees of freedom for a t-statistic are 19.
True False
15. When dependent samples are used to test for differences in the means, we pool the sample
variances.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
16. If the decision is to reject the null hypothesis of no difference between two population
proportions at the 5% level of significance, what are the alternative hypothesis and rejection
region?
A. H0: π1 ≠ π2; z > 1.65 and z < -1.65
B. H0: π1 ≠ π2; z > 1.96 and z < -1.96
C. H0: π1 > π2; z < - 1.65
D. H0: π1 > π2; z < -1.96F
17. In a market test of a new chocolate raspberry coffee, a poll of 400 people from Dobbs
Ferry showed 250 preferred the new coffee. In Irvington, 170 out of 350 people preferred the
new coffee. To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in preferences between the two
villages, what is the alternate hypothesis?
A. H1: π1 < π2
B. H1: π1 > π2
C. H1: π1 = π2
D. H1: π1 ≠ π2
11-3
18. A recent study focused on the number of times men and women send a Twitter message in
a day. The information is summarized below.
At the .01 significance level, is there a difference in the mean number of times men and
women in a day? What is the test statistic for this hypothesis?
A. z-statistic
B. t-statistic
C. p-statistic
D. df-statistic
women send a Twitter message in a day? What is the value of the test statistic for this
hypothesis test?
A. 2.668
B. 2.672
C. 2.58
D. 2.40
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women send a Twitter message in a day? What is the p-value hypothesis test?
A. 0.05
B. 0.0164
C. 0.0001
D. 0.0082
A. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude the means are different.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude the means are the same.
C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the means are the same.
D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the means are different.
11-5
22. A recent study focused on the amount of money single men and women save monthly.
The information is summarized below. Assume that the population standard deviations are
equal.
At the .01 significance level, do women save more money than men? What is the test statistic
for this hypothesis?
A. z-statistic
B. t-statistic
C. p-statistic
D. df-statistic
equal.
At the .01 significance level, do women save more money than men? What is the value of the
test statistic for this hypothesis test?
A. 6.213
B. 1.728
C. 2.632
D. 2.40
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equal.
critical value for this hypothesis test?
A. 6.213
B. 2.369
C. 2.632
D. 2.40
equal.
At the .01 significance level, do women save more money than men?
A. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that women save more than men.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that women and men save the same amount.
C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that women save the same or less than men.
11-7
26. In a market test of a new chocolate raspberry coffee, a poll of 400 people (sample 1) from
Dobbs Ferry showed 250 preferred the new coffee. In Irvington, 170 (sample 2) out of 350
people preferred the new coffee. To test the hypothesis that a higher proportion of people in
Dobbs Ferry prefer the new coffee, what is the alternate hypothesis?
A. H1: π1 < π2
B. H1: π1 > π2
C. H1: π1 = π2
D. H1: π1 ≠ π2
27. If the null hypothesis that two means are equal is true, where will 97% of the computed z-
values lie between?
A. ± 2.58
B. ± 2.33
C. ± 2.17
D. ± 2.07
28. How is a pooled estimate of the population proportion represented?

A. pc
B. z
C. π
D. nπ
29. Assuming the population variances are known, the population variance of the difference
between two sample means is
A. the sum of the two means.
B. the sum of the variances for each population.
C. the sum of the standard deviations for each population.
D. the sum of the sample sizes for each population.
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30. When testing the difference between two population means, the variances are pooled
when
A. the population standard deviations are known and equal.
B. the population means are known.
C. the population standard deviations are assumed unequal and unknown.
D. the population standard deviations are assumed equal but unknown.
31. When testing the difference between two population means, the degrees of freedom must
be computed when
32. When testing the difference between two dependent population means, the test statistic is
based on a
A. pooled variance.
B. standard deviation of the differences.
C. pooled proportion.
D. sum of the population variances.
33. Suppose we test the difference between two proportions at the 0.05 level of significance.
If the z test statistic is -1.07, what is our decision?
A. Reject the null hypothesis
B. Do not reject the null hypothesis
C. Take a larger sample
D. Reserve judgment
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34. The net weights (in grams) of a sample of bottles filled by a machine manufactured by
Edne, and the net weights of a sample filled by a similar machine manufactured by Orno, Inc.,
are:
Edne: 5, 8, 7, 6, 9 and 7
Orno: 8, 10, 7, 11, 9, 12, 14 and 9
Testing the claim at the 0.05 level that the mean weight of the bottles filled by the Orno
machine is greater than the mean weight of the bottles filled by the Edne machine, what is the
critical value? Assume equal standard deviations for both samples.
A. 2.179
B. 2.145
C. 1.782
D. 1.761
35. Which condition must be met to conduct a test for the difference in two sample means
using a z-statistic?
A. Data must be at least of nominal scale
B. Populations must be normal
C. Standard deviations of the two populations must be known
D. Samples are dependent
36. When is it appropriate to use the paired difference t-test?

A. Four samples are compared at once
B. Any two samples are compared
C. Two independent samples are compared
D. Two dependent samples are compared
37. Using two independent samples, we test for a hypothesized difference between two
population means. The population standard deviations are unknown but assumed equal. The
number in the first sample is fifteen and the number in the second sample is twelve. How
many degrees of freedom are associated with the critical value?
A. 24
B. 25
C. 26
D. 27
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38. Administering the same test to a group of 15 students and a second group of 15 students to
see which group scores higher is an example of
A. a one sample test of means.
B. a two sample test of means.
C. a paired t-test.
D. a test of proportions.
39. For a hypothesis comparing two population means, what is the critical value for a one-
tailed hypothesis test, using a 5% level of significance level, with both sample sizes equal to
13? Assume the population standard deviations are equal.
A. 1.708
B. 1.711
C. 2.060
D. 2.064
13? The standard deviations for the samples are 5 and 7. Assume the population standard
deviations are unequal.
A. 2.064
B. 1.711
C. 2.074
D. 1.717
41. For a hypothesis test comparing two population means, the combined degrees of freedom
are 24. Which of the following statements about the two sample sizes is NOT true? Assume
the population standard deviations are equal.
A. n1 = 11; n2= 13
B. n1= 12; n2= 14
C. n1= 13; n2= 13
D. n1= 10; n2= 16
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42. Two samples, one of size 14 and the second of size 13, are selected to test the difference
between two population means. How many degrees of freedom are used to find the critical
value? Assume the population standard deviations are equal.
A. 27
B. 26
C. 25
D. 14
E. 13
43. 20 randomly selected statistics students were given 15 multiple-choice questions and 15
open-ended questions - all on the same material. The professor was interested in determining
which type of questions the students scored higher. This experiment is an example of
C. a paired t-test.
44. Of 250 adults who tried a new multi-grain cereal, "Wow!", 187 rated it excellent; of 100
children sampled, 66 rated it excellent. Using the 0.1 significance level and the alternate
hypothesis not equal to , what is the null hypothesis?
A. H0: π1 > π2
B. H0: π1 < π2
C. H0: π1 = π2
D. H0: π1 ≠ π2
children sampled, 66 rated it excellent. What is the pooled proportion?
A. 0.723
B. 1.408
C. 0.494
D. 0.807
11-12
children sampled, 66 rated it excellent. What test statistic should we use to compare the
ratings of adults and children?
A. z-statistic
B. Right one-tailed test
C. Left one-tailed test
D. Two-tailed test
47. A national manufacturer of ball bearings is experimenting with two different processes for
producing precision ball bearings. It is important that the diameters be as close as possible to
an industry standard. The output from each process is sampled and the average error from the
industry standard is calculated. The results are presented below.
The researcher is interested in determining whether there is evidence that the two processes
yield different average errors. Assume that the population standard deviations are equal.
What is the null hypothesis?
A. H0: µA = µB
B. H0: µA ≠ µB
C. H0: µA ≤ µB
D. H0: µA > µB
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What is the alternate hypothesis?
A. H0: µA = µB
B. H0: µA ≠ µB
C. H0: µA ≤ µB
D. H0: µA > µB
What is the degrees of freedom?
A. 10
B. 13
C. 26
D. 24
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What is the critical t value at the 1% level of significance?
A. +2.779
B. -2.492
C. ± 1.711
D. ± 2.797
What is the computed value of t?
A. +2.797
B. -2.797
C. -13.70
D. +13.70
11-15
If we test the null hypothesis at the 1% level of significance, what is the decision?
This example is what type of test?
A. One sample test of means.
B. Two sample test of means.
C. Paired t-test.
D. Test of proportions.
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54. The results of a mathematics placement exam at two different campuses of Mercy College
follow:
What is the null hypothesis if we want to test the hypothesis that the mean score on Campus 1
is higher than on Campus 2?
A. H0: µ1 = 0
B. H0: µ2 = 0
C. H0: µ1 = µ2
D. H0: µ1 ≤ µ2
follow:
What is the alternative hypothesis if we want to test the hypothesis that the mean score on
Campus 1 is higher than on Campus 2?
A. H0: µ1 = 0
B. H0: µ2 = 0
C. H0: µ1 > µ2
D. H0: µ1 ≤ µ2
follow:
What is the computed value of the test statistic?

A. 9.3
B. 2.6
C. 3.4
D. 1.9
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follow:
Given that the two population standard deviations are known, what is the p-value?
A. 1.0
B. 0.0
C. 0.05
D. 0.95
58. Accounting procedures allow a business to evaluate their inventory at LIFO (Last In First
Out) or FIFO (First In First Out). A manufacturer evaluated its finished goods inventory (in $
thousands) for five products both ways. Based on the following results, is LIFO more
effective in keeping the value of his inventory lower?

A. H0: µF = µL
B. H0: µF ≠ µL
C. H0: µF ≤ µL
D. H0: µF ≥ µL
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A. H1: µF = µL
B. H1: µF ≠ µL
C. H1: µF ≤ µL
D. H1: µF > µL
60. An investigation of the effectiveness of a training program to improve customer

relationships included a pre-training and post-training customer survey. Seven customers were
randomly selected and completed both surveys. The results follow.
This analysis is an example of

C. a paired t-test.
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For a 0.05 significance level, what is the critical value?

A. 1.943
B. 1.895
C. 1.645
D. 2.447

What is the value of the test statistic?

A. 1.943
B. 1.895
C. 2.542
D. 2.447
11-20

For a 0.05 significance level, what is the decision regarding the hypothesis that the training
was effective in improving customer relationships?
A. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the training was effective.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the training was ineffective.
C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that mean survey scores are the same.
D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the mean survey scores are not equal.
64. A company is researching the effectiveness of a new web site design to decrease the time
to access a website. Five web site users were randomly selected and their times (in seconds) to
access the web site with the old and new designs were recorded. The results follow.

A. H0: µd = 0
B. H0: µd ≠ 0
C. H0: µd ≤ 0
D. H0: µd ≥ 0
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What is the alternative hypothesis?

A. H1: µd = 0
B. H1: µd ≠ 0
C. H1: µd < 0
D. H1: µd > 0

A. 2.256
B. 1.895
C. 3.747
D. 2.447
11-22

A. 2.256
B. 1.895
C. 3.747
D. 2.447
A. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the new design reduced mean access times.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the new design did not reduce mean access
times.
C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that mean access times did not decrease.
D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the mean access times are inaccurate.
11-23
What are the degrees of freedom?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 15
D. 10
If you use the 5% level of significance, what is the critical t value?

A. +2.132
B. ± 2.776
C. +2.262
D. ± 2.228
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What is the value of calculated t?

A. +0.933
B. ± 2.776
C. +0.47
D. -2.028
What is the decision at the 5% level of significance?

A. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude LIFO is more effective.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude LIFO is more effective.
C. Reject the alternate hypothesis and conclude LIFO is more effective.
D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude LIFO is not more effective.
11-25

C. Paired t-test.
74. A hypothesis tests that two population means are equal. A sample of 10 with a standard
deviation of 5 is selected from the first population and a sample of 15 with a standard
deviation of 5 from the second population. Testing the claim at the 0.01 level, what is the
critical value? Assume unequal standard deviations.
A. ± 2.861
B. ± 2.807
C. ± 2.787
D. ± 2.576
75. When testing the hypothesized difference between two population means, the implied
hypothesis is
A. H0: µ1 = 0
B. H0: µ1 - µ2 = 0
C. H0: µ2 = 0
D. H0: µ1 - µ2 ≠ 0
11-26
Fill in the Blank Questions
76. When the population standard deviations are unknown, what is the purpose of pooling the
sample variances when testing the difference between two population means? ___________
________________________________________
77. What is the purpose of pooling the sample proportions when testing the difference
between two population proportions? ___________
________________________________________
Short Answer Questions
78. A study by a bank compared the average savings of customers who were depositors for
three years or less, with those who had been depositors for more than three years. The results
of a sample are:
Assuming that the financial officer wants to show that there is a difference in the average
savings balance between the two classes of depositors, what is the null hypothesis?
_____________________
11-27
79. The pooled estimate of the proportion is found by dividing the total number of successes
by __________________________.
________________________________________
the two samples are large enough that the binomial distribution can be approximated by
_____.
________________________________________
populations have equal but unknown standard deviations, then the test has _________ degrees
of freedom.
populations have equal and unknown standard deviations, the standard deviations are _____.
________________________________________
11-28
83. When independent samples with unknown but equal standard deviations are used to test
for differences in the means, we pool the sample ________________.
________________________________________
84. The paired t test is especially appropriate when the sample sizes of two groups are
_______.
________________________________________
85. In one class, a statistics professor wants to compare grades on the first and second exams.
This is an example of ________________ observations.
________________________________________
86. If samples taken from two populations that are dependent, then a test of ______
differences is applied.
________________________________________
87. The paired difference test has ___________ degrees of freedom.

________________________________________
88. When testing for a difference between the means of two dependent samples n1 and n2 are
_______________.
________________________________________
89. When testing the difference between two population means, the hypothesized difference is
_______________.
________________________________________
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90. When testing the difference between two population proportions, the hypothesized
difference is _______________.
________________________________________
91. When testing for a difference between the means of two dependent samples the sample
test statistic is a _____________.
________________________________________
92. If the null hypothesis states that there is no difference between the two population means,
then the test is ______________.
________________________________________
93. If a hypothesis states that one population mean is greater than another population mean,
then the test is _______________.
________________________________________
the two populations follow the ________________ distribution.
________________________________________
95. When the standard deviations are equal but unknown, a test for the differences between
two populations assumes that the populations are _____________ distributed.
________________________________________
96. If two independent samples of sizes 20 and 10 with equal standard deviations are used to
test the difference between the means, the degrees of freedom for a t-statistic are _____.
________________________________________
11-30
This is an example of _________ populations.
________________________________________
the sample observations from one population are _____________ of the sample observations
from the other population.
________________________________________
99. When dependent samples are used to test for differences in the means, we compute
________________ differences.
________________________________________
100. If two dependent samples of size 100 are used to test the difference between the means,
the degrees of freedom for a t-statistic are ____.
________________________________________
101. When independent samples are used to test for differences in the population means with
equal population standard deviations, we _______ the variances.
________________________________________
11-31
102. A committee studying employer-employee relations proposed that each employee would
rate his or her immediate supervisor and in turn the supervisor would rate each employee. To
find reactions regarding the proposal, 120 office personnel and 160 plant personnel were
selected at random. Seventy-eight of the office personnel and 90 of the plant personnel were
in favor of the proposal. What is the pooled estimate of the population proportion?
in favor of the proposal. What is the test statistic?
in favor of the proposal. To test the hypothesis that the population proportions are equal, what
is the critical value using the 0.05 level of significance?
11-32
in favor of the proposal. We test the hypothesis that the population proportions are equal with
a 0.05 significance level. What is our decision? _______________
106. What is the critical value of t for a two-tail test of the difference of two means, a level of
significance of 0.10 and sample sizes of seven and fifteen? Assume equal population standard
deviations. _________
107. What is the critical value of t for the claim that the difference of two means is less than
zero with a = 0.025 and sample sizes of nine and seven? Assume equal population standard
11-33
of a sample are:
To test that the two groups of customers have equal savings rates, what is the critical value of
z using α = 0.05? ___________
of a sample are:
What is the computed test statistic? ______________
11-34
of a sample are:
What is the p-value for a two-tailed test? _____
111. To compare the effect of weather on sales of soft drinks, a soda manufacturer sampled
two regions of the country with the following results. Is there a difference in sales between the
2 regions?
What is the null hypothesis? _____________________
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2 regions?
What is the alternate hypothesis? _______________________
2 regions?
What is the proportion of sales made in Region A? ______
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2 regions?
What is the proportion of sales made in Region B? ______
2 regions?
What is the pooled estimate of the population proportion? _______
11-37
2 regions?
Using the 1% level of significance, what is the critical value? _____
11-38
2 regions?
What is the z- test statistic? _____________
2 regions?
Test the hypothesis with a 0.01 significance level. What is our decision? _______________
11-39
119. A financial planner wants to compare the yield of income and growth mutual funds. Fifty
thousand dollars is invested in each of a sample of 35 income and 40 growth funds. The mean
increase for a two-year period for the income funds is $900. For the growth funds the mean
increase is $875. Income funds have a sample standard deviation of $35; growth funds have a
sample standard deviation of $45. Assume that the population standard deviations are equal.
At the 0.05 significance level, is there a difference in the mean yields of the two funds?
What is the null hypothesis? __________________
What is the computed value of the test statistic? ______________
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What is the p-value for the computed test statistic? ____________
What decision is made about the null hypothesis using and a = 0.05? ____________
11-41
of a sample are:
If the population standard deviations are unknown and assumed unequal, what are the degrees
of freedom?
of a sample are:
of freedom?
11-42
Let α = 0.05. Is the mean time to access the new web site design shorted? Express your
answer in terms of the null hypothesis.
11-43
Essay Questions
127. Provide two examples when a paired-t test can be used to test a hypothesis of no
difference between population means?
128. For hypotheses that compare two population means, when is a pooled variance used?
129. For hypotheses that compare two population means, what test statistic is used when the
population standard deviations are known?
11-44
population standard deviations are unknown?
131. When can a paired-t test be used to test a hypothesis of no difference between population
means?
11-45
Chapter 11 Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis Answer Key
True / False Questions
1. If the null hypothesis states that there is no difference between the mean income of males
and the mean income of females, then the test is one-tailed.
FALSE
AACSB: Communication Abilities

Bloom's: Comprehension
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11-01 Test a hypothesis that two independent population means with known population standard deviations are equal.
Topic: Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Independent Samples
2. If the null hypothesis states that there is no difference between the mean net income of
retail stores in Chicago and New York City, then the test is two-tailed.
TRUE

Difficulty: Easy
11-46
3. In testing the difference between two population proportions, we pool the two sample
proportions to estimate the population proportion.
TRUE

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 11-02 Carry out a hypothesis test that two population proportions are equal.
Topic: Two-Sample Tests about Proportions
4. The pooled estimate of the proportion is found by dividing the total number of samples by
the total number of successes.
FALSE

Difficulty: Medium
the two populations are approximately normal and have equal variances.
FALSE

Difficulty: Easy
6. When the standard deviations are equal but unknown, a test for the differences between two
population means has n - 1 degrees of freedom.
FALSE

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11-03 Conduct a test of a hypothesis that two independent population means are equal; assuming equal but unknown
population standard deviations.
Topic: Comparing Population Means with Unknown, Equal Population Standard Deviations
11-47
populations have equal but unknown standard deviations, the variances are pooled to compute
the best estimated variance.
TRUE

Difficulty: Easy
populations have equal and unknown standard deviations, the degrees of freedom are
computed as (n1)(n2) - 1.
FALSE

Difficulty: Easy
9. If two independent samples of size 10 with unequal standard deviations are used to test the
difference between the means, the degrees of freedom for a t-statistic are 18.
FALSE

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11-04 Conduct a test of a hypothesis that two independent population means are equal; assuming unequal but unknown
Topic: Comparing Population Means with Unknown, Unequal Population Standard Deviations
11-48
10. When independent samples, with unknown, unequal standard deviations, are used to test
for differences in the means, we pool the sample variances.
FALSE

Difficulty: Easy
This is an example of a paired sample.
FALSE

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11-05 Explain the difference between dependent and independent samples.
Topic: Independent versus Dependent Samples
12. If we are testing for the difference between two population means, it is assumed that the
sample observations from one population are independent of the sample observations from the
other population.
TRUE

Difficulty: Easy
13. When dependent samples are used to test for differences in the means, we compute paired
differences.
TRUE

Difficulty: Easy
11-49
14. If two dependent samples of size 20 are used to test the difference between the means, the
degrees of freedom for a t-statistic are 19.
TRUE

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11-06 Carry out a test of a hypothesis about the mean difference between paired and dependent observations.
Topic: Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Dependent Samples
15. When dependent samples are used to test for differences in the means, we pool the sample
variances.
FALSE

Difficulty: Easy
Multiple Choice Questions
16. If the decision is to reject the null hypothesis of no difference between two population
proportions at the 5% level of significance, what are the alternative hypothesis and rejection
region?
A. H0: π1 ≠ π2; z > 1.65 and z < -1.65
B. H0: π1 ≠ π2; z > 1.96 and z < -1.96
C. H0: π1 > π2; z < - 1.65
D. H0: π1 > π2; z < -1.96F

Difficulty: Hard
11-50
17. In a market test of a new chocolate raspberry coffee, a poll of 400 people from Dobbs
Ferry showed 250 preferred the new coffee. In Irvington, 170 out of 350 people preferred the
new coffee. To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in preferences between the two
villages, what is the alternate hypothesis?
A. H1: π1 < π2
B. H1: π1 > π2
C. H1: π1 = π2
D. H1: π1 ≠ π2

Difficulty: Medium
women in a day? What is the test statistic for this hypothesis?
A. z-statistic
B. t-statistic
C. p-statistic
D. df-statistic
AACSB: Analytic Skills

Bloom's: Application
Difficulty: Medium
11-51
women send a Twitter message in a day? What is the value of the test statistic for this
hypothesis test?
A. 2.668
B. 2.672
C. 2.58
D. 2.40

Difficulty: Medium
11-52
A. 0.05
B. 0.0164
C. 0.0001
D. 0.0082

Difficulty: Medium
11-53

Difficulty: Medium
11-54
equal.
At the .01 significance level, do women save more money than men? What is the test statistic
for this hypothesis?
A. z-statistic
B. t-statistic
C. p-statistic
D. df-statistic

Difficulty: Medium
11-55
equal.
test statistic for this hypothesis test?
A. 6.213
B. 1.728
C. 2.632
D. 2.40

Difficulty: Medium
11-56
equal.
critical value for this hypothesis test?
A. 6.213
B. 2.369
C. 2.632
D. 2.40

Difficulty: Medium
11-57
equal.
At the .01 significance level, do women save more money than men?
A. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that women save more than men.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that women and men save the same amount.
C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that women save the same or less than men.

Difficulty: Medium
26. In a market test of a new chocolate raspberry coffee, a poll of 400 people (sample 1) from
Dobbs Ferry showed 250 preferred the new coffee. In Irvington, 170 (sample 2) out of 350
people preferred the new coffee. To test the hypothesis that a higher proportion of people in
Dobbs Ferry prefer the new coffee, what is the alternate hypothesis?
A. H1: π1 < π2
B. H1: π1 > π2
C. H1: π1 = π2
D. H1: π1 ≠ π2

Difficulty: Medium
11-58
27. If the null hypothesis that two means are equal is true, where will 97% of the computed z-
values lie between?
A. ± 2.58
B. ± 2.33
C. ± 2.17
D. ± 2.07

Difficulty: Medium
28. How is a pooled estimate of the population proportion represented?

A. pc
B. z
C. π
D. nπ

Difficulty: Medium
29. Assuming the population variances are known, the population variance of the difference
between two sample means is
A. the sum of the two means.
B. the sum of the variances for each population.
C. the sum of the standard deviations for each population.
D. the sum of the sample sizes for each population.

Difficulty: Hard
11-59
30. When testing the difference between two population means, the variances are pooled
when

Difficulty: Hard
31. When testing the difference between two population means, the degrees of freedom must
be computed when

Difficulty: Hard
32. When testing the difference between two dependent population means, the test statistic is
based on a
A. pooled variance.
B. standard deviation of the differences.
C. pooled proportion.
D. sum of the population variances.

Difficulty: Hard
11-60
33. Suppose we test the difference between two proportions at the 0.05 level of significance.
If the z test statistic is -1.07, what is our decision?
A. Reject the null hypothesis
B. Do not reject the null hypothesis
C. Take a larger sample
D. Reserve judgment
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
34. The net weights (in grams) of a sample of bottles filled by a machine manufactured by
Edne, and the net weights of a sample filled by a similar machine manufactured by Orno, Inc.,
are:
Edne: 5, 8, 7, 6, 9 and 7
Orno: 8, 10, 7, 11, 9, 12, 14 and 9
Testing the claim at the 0.05 level that the mean weight of the bottles filled by the Orno
machine is greater than the mean weight of the bottles filled by the Edne machine, what is the
critical value? Assume equal standard deviations for both samples.
A. 2.179
B. 2.145
C. 1.782
D. 1.761

Difficulty: Hard
11-61
35. Which condition must be met to conduct a test for the difference in two sample means
using a z-statistic?
A. Data must be at least of nominal scale
B. Populations must be normal
C. Standard deviations of the two populations must be known
D. Samples are dependent

Difficulty: Medium
36. When is it appropriate to use the paired difference t-test?

A. Four samples are compared at once
B. Any two samples are compared
C. Two independent samples are compared
D. Two dependent samples are compared

Difficulty: Medium
37. Using two independent samples, we test for a hypothesized difference between two
population means. The population standard deviations are unknown but assumed equal. The
number in the first sample is fifteen and the number in the second sample is twelve. How
many degrees of freedom are associated with the critical value?
A. 24
B. 25
C. 26
D. 27

Difficulty: Medium
11-62
38. Administering the same test to a group of 15 students and a second group of 15 students to
see which group scores higher is an example of
C. a paired t-test.

Difficulty: Medium
13? Assume the population standard deviations are equal.
A. 1.708
B. 1.711
C. 2.060
D. 2.064

Difficulty: Medium
11-63
13? The standard deviations for the samples are 5 and 7. Assume the population standard
deviations are unequal.
A. 2.064
B. 1.711
C. 2.074
D. 1.717

Difficulty: Hard
41. For a hypothesis test comparing two population means, the combined degrees of freedom
are 24. Which of the following statements about the two sample sizes is NOT true? Assume
the population standard deviations are equal.
A. n1 = 11; n2= 13
B. n1= 12; n2= 14
C. n1= 13; n2= 13
D. n1= 10; n2= 16

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
11-64
42. Two samples, one of size 14 and the second of size 13, are selected to test the difference
between two population means. How many degrees of freedom are used to find the critical
value? Assume the population standard deviations are equal.
A. 27
B. 26
C. 25
D. 14
E. 13

Difficulty: Hard
43. 20 randomly selected statistics students were given 15 multiple-choice questions and 15
open-ended questions - all on the same material. The professor was interested in determining
which type of questions the students scored higher. This experiment is an example of
C. a paired t-test.

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
11-65
children sampled, 66 rated it excellent. Using the 0.1 significance level and the alternate
hypothesis not equal to , what is the null hypothesis?
A. H0: π1 > π2
B. H0: π1 < π2
C. H0: π1 = π2
D. H0: π1 ≠ π2

Difficulty: Medium
children sampled, 66 rated it excellent. What is the pooled proportion?
A. 0.723
B. 1.408
C. 0.494
D. 0.807

Difficulty: Medium
children sampled, 66 rated it excellent. What test statistic should we use to compare the
ratings of adults and children?
A. z-statistic
B. Right one-tailed test
C. Left one-tailed test
D. Two-tailed test

Difficulty: Medium
11-66
A. H0: µA = µB
B. H0: µA ≠ µB
C. H0: µA ≤ µB
D. H0: µA > µB

Difficulty: Medium
11-67
A. H0: µA = µB
B. H0: µA ≠ µB
C. H0: µA ≤ µB
D. H0: µA > µB

Difficulty: Medium
11-68
What is the degrees of freedom?
A. 10
B. 13
C. 26
D. 24

Difficulty: Medium
11-69
What is the critical t value at the 1% level of significance?
A. +2.779
B. -2.492
C. ± 1.711
D. ± 2.797

Difficulty: Medium
11-70
What is the computed value of t?
A. +2.797
B. -2.797
C. -13.70
D. +13.70

Difficulty: Hard
11-71
If we test the null hypothesis at the 1% level of significance, what is the decision?

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
11-72
C. Paired t-test.

Difficulty: Medium
follow:
What is the null hypothesis if we want to test the hypothesis that the mean score on Campus 1
is higher than on Campus 2?
A. H0: µ1 = 0
B. H0: µ2 = 0
C. H0: µ1 = µ2
D. H0: µ1 ≤ µ2

Difficulty: Medium
11-73
follow:
What is the alternative hypothesis if we want to test the hypothesis that the mean score on
Campus 1 is higher than on Campus 2?
A. H0: µ1 = 0
B. H0: µ2 = 0
C. H0: µ1 > µ2
D. H0: µ1 ≤ µ2

Difficulty: Medium
follow:
What is the computed value of the test statistic?

A. 9.3
B. 2.6
C. 3.4
D. 1.9

Difficulty: Hard
11-74
follow:
Given that the two population standard deviations are known, what is the p-value?
A. 1.0
B. 0.0
C. 0.05
D. 0.95

Difficulty: Medium

A. H0: µF = µL
B. H0: µF ≠ µL
C. H0: µF ≤ µL
D. H0: µF ≥ µL

Difficulty: Medium
11-75

A. H1: µF = µL
B. H1: µF ≠ µL
C. H1: µF ≤ µL
D. H1: µF > µL

Difficulty: Medium
11-76

This analysis is an example of

C. a paired t-test.

Difficulty: Medium
11-77


A. 1.943
B. 1.895
C. 1.645
D. 2.447

Difficulty: Medium
11-78


A. 1.943
B. 1.895
C. 2.542
D. 2.447

Difficulty: Medium
11-79

A. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the training was effective.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the training was ineffective.
C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that mean survey scores are the same.
D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the mean survey scores are not equal.

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
11-80

A. H0: µd = 0
B. H0: µd ≠ 0
C. H0: µd ≤ 0
D. H0: µd ≥ 0

Difficulty: Easy
What is the alternative hypothesis?

A. H1: µd = 0
B. H1: µd ≠ 0
C. H1: µd < 0
D. H1: µd > 0

Difficulty: Easy
11-81

A. 2.256
B. 1.895
C. 3.747
D. 2.447

Difficulty: Medium

A. 2.256
B. 1.895
C. 3.747
D. 2.447

Difficulty: Medium
11-82
A. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the new design reduced mean access times.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the new design did not reduce mean access
times.
C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that mean access times did not decrease.
D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the mean access times are inaccurate.

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
11-83
What are the degrees of freedom?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 15
D. 10

Difficulty: Medium
11-84
If you use the 5% level of significance, what is the critical t value?

A. +2.132
B. ± 2.776
C. +2.262
D. ± 2.228

Difficulty: Medium
11-85
What is the value of calculated t?

A. +0.933
B. ± 2.776
C. +0.47
D. -2.028

Difficulty: Hard
11-86
What is the decision at the 5% level of significance?

A. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude LIFO is more effective.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude LIFO is more effective.
C. Reject the alternate hypothesis and conclude LIFO is more effective.
D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude LIFO is not more effective.

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
11-87

C. Paired t-test.

Difficulty: Medium
74. A hypothesis tests that two population means are equal. A sample of 10 with a standard
deviation of 5 is selected from the first population and a sample of 15 with a standard
deviation of 5 from the second population. Testing the claim at the 0.01 level, what is the
critical value? Assume unequal standard deviations.
A. ± 2.861
B. ± 2.807
C. ± 2.787
D. ± 2.576

Difficulty: Medium
11-88
75. When testing the hypothesized difference between two population means, the implied
hypothesis is
A. H0: µ1 = 0
B. H0: µ1 - µ2 = 0
C. H0: µ2 = 0
D. H0: µ1 - µ2 ≠ 0

Difficulty: Medium
76. When the population standard deviations are unknown, what is the purpose of pooling the
sample variances when testing the difference between two population means? ___________
To compute a single best estimate of the population variance.

Difficulty: Medium
77. What is the purpose of pooling the sample proportions when testing the difference
between two population proportions? ___________
To compute a single best estimate of the population proportion.

Difficulty: Medium
11-89
of a sample are:
Assuming that the financial officer wants to show that there is a difference in the average
savings balance between the two classes of depositors, what is the null hypothesis?
_____________________
Ho: µless = µmore

Difficulty: Medium
79. The pooled estimate of the proportion is found by dividing the total number of successes
by __________________________.
The total number of observations

Difficulty: Medium
11-90
the two samples are large enough that the binomial distribution can be approximated by
_____.
The normal distribution.

Difficulty: Easy
populations have equal but unknown standard deviations, then the test has _________ degrees
of freedom.
(n1 + n2 - 2)

Difficulty: Easy
populations have equal and unknown standard deviations, the standard deviations are _____.
Pooled

Difficulty: Easy
11-91
83. When independent samples with unknown but equal standard deviations are used to test
for differences in the means, we pool the sample ________________.
Variances or standard deviations

Difficulty: Easy
84. The paired t test is especially appropriate when the sample sizes of two groups are
_______.
Dependent or paired

Difficulty: Easy
85. In one class, a statistics professor wants to compare grades on the first and second exams.
This is an example of ________________ observations.
Paired or dependent

Difficulty: Easy
86. If samples taken from two populations that are dependent, then a test of ______
differences is applied.
Paired

Difficulty: Easy
11-92
87. The paired difference test has ___________ degrees of freedom.

n-1

Difficulty: Easy
88. When testing for a difference between the means of two dependent samples n1 and n2 are
_______________.
Equal

Difficulty: Easy
89. When testing the difference between two population means, the hypothesized difference is
_______________.
Zero

Difficulty: Easy
90. When testing the difference between two population proportions, the hypothesized
difference is _______________.
Zero

Difficulty: Easy
11-93
91. When testing for a difference between the means of two dependent samples the sample
test statistic is a _____________.
T-statistic

Difficulty: Easy
92. If the null hypothesis states that there is no difference between the two population means,
then the test is ______________.
Two-tailed

Difficulty: Easy
93. If a hypothesis states that one population mean is greater than another population mean,
then the test is _______________.
One-tailed

Difficulty: Easy
the two populations follow the ________________ distribution.
Binomial

Difficulty: Easy
11-94
95. When the standard deviations are equal but unknown, a test for the differences between
two populations assumes that the populations are _____________ distributed.
Normally

Difficulty: Easy
96. If two independent samples of sizes 20 and 10 with equal standard deviations are used to
test the difference between the means, the degrees of freedom for a t-statistic are _____.
28

Difficulty: Easy
This is an example of _________ populations.
Independent

Difficulty: Easy
the sample observations from one population are _____________ of the sample observations
from the other population.
Independent

Difficulty: Easy
11-95
99. When dependent samples are used to test for differences in the means, we compute
________________ differences.
Paired

Difficulty: Easy
100. If two dependent samples of size 100 are used to test the difference between the means,
the degrees of freedom for a t-statistic are ____.
99

Difficulty: Easy
101. When independent samples are used to test for differences in the population means with
equal population standard deviations, we _______ the variances.
Pool

Difficulty: Easy
11-96
in favor of the proposal. What is the pooled estimate of the population proportion?
0.60

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
in favor of the proposal. What is the test statistic?
1.47

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
11-97
in favor of the proposal. To test the hypothesis that the population proportions are equal, what
is the critical value using the 0.05 level of significance?
± 1.96

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
in favor of the proposal. We test the hypothesis that the population proportions are equal with
a 0.05 significance level. What is our decision? _______________
Fail to reject the null hypothesis

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
11-98
106. What is the critical value of t for a two-tail test of the difference of two means, a level of
significance of 0.10 and sample sizes of seven and fifteen? Assume equal population standard
± 1.725

Difficulty: Medium
107. What is the critical value of t for the claim that the difference of two means is less than
zero with a = 0.025 and sample sizes of nine and seven? Assume equal population standard
-2.145

Difficulty: Medium
11-99
of a sample are:
To test that the two groups of customers have equal savings rates, what is the critical value of
z using α = 0.05? ___________
± 1.96

Difficulty: Medium
of a sample are:
What is the computed test statistic? ______________
-2.20

Difficulty: Hard
11-100
of a sample are:
What is the p-value for a two-tailed test? _____
0.0278

Difficulty: Hard
2 regions?
What is the null hypothesis? _____________________
H0: πa = πb

Difficulty: Medium
11-101
2 regions?
What is the alternate hypothesis? _______________________
H1:πa ≠ πb

Difficulty: Medium
2 regions?
What is the proportion of sales made in Region A? ______
0.40

Difficulty: Easy
11-102
2 regions?
What is the proportion of sales made in Region B? ______
0.33

Difficulty: Easy
2 regions?
What is the pooled estimate of the population proportion? _______
0.36

Difficulty: Hard
11-103
2 regions?
Using the 1% level of significance, what is the critical value? _____
± 2.58

Difficulty: Medium
2 regions?
What is the z- test statistic? _____________
3.40

Difficulty: Hard
11-104
2 regions?
Test the hypothesis with a 0.01 significance level. What is our decision? _______________
Reject the null hypothesis

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
What is the null hypothesis? __________________
Ho: µincome = µgrowth

Difficulty: Easy
11-105
What is the computed value of the test statistic? ______________
2.657

Difficulty: Medium
What is the p-value for the computed test statistic? ____________
0.0078

Difficulty: Medium
11-106
What decision is made about the null hypothesis using and a = 0.05? ____________
Reject the null hypothesis.

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
of a sample are:
of freedom?
210

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
11-107
of a sample are:
of freedom?
247

Bloom's: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
t = 4.341

Difficulty: Medium
11-108
Let α = 0.05. Is the mean time to access the new web site design shorted? Express your
answer in terms of the null hypothesis.
Reject the null hypothesis; The time to access the new design is shorter.

Difficulty: Medium
Essay Questions
127. Provide two examples when a paired-t test can be used to test a hypothesis of no
difference between population means?
1. Employees are tested before and after a training session to study the employee's response to
the training.
2. A property appraisal company hires two different property appraisers. To study the
consistency of the two appraisers, they are assigned the same 10 properties to appraise. Their
appraisals on each of the ten properties are compared using a paired-t test.

Difficulty: Medium
11-109
128. For hypotheses that compare two population means, when is a pooled variance used?
Independent populations and the population standard deviations are unknown and assumed to
be equal.

Difficulty: Medium
population standard deviations are known?
z-statistic

Difficulty: Medium
population standard deviations are unknown?
t-statistic

Difficulty: Medium
11-110
131. When can a paired-t test be used to test a hypothesis of no difference between population
means?
The two samples are dependent or related.

Difficulty: Medium
11-111

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Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

True / False Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

28. How is a pooled estimate of the population proportion represented?

36. When is it appropriate to use the paired difference t-test?

What is the computed value of the test statistic?

What is the null hypothesis?

What is the alternate hypothesis?

60. An investigation of the effectiveness of a training program to improve customer

This analysis is an example of

61. An investigation of the effectiveness of a training program to improve customer

For a 0.05 significance level, what is the critical value?

62. An investigation of the effectiveness of a training program to improve customer

What is the value of the test statistic?

63. An investigation of the effectiveness of a training program to improve customer

What is the null hypothesis?

What is the alternative hypothesis?

What is the value of the test statistic?

For a 0.01 significance level, what is the critical value?

What are the degrees of freedom?

If you use the 5% level of significance, what is the critical t value?

What is the value of calculated t?

What is the decision at the 5% level of significance?

This example is what type of test?

Fill in the Blank Questions

Short Answer Questions

Fill in the Blank Questions

Short Answer Questions

Fill in the Blank Questions

87. The paired difference test has ___________ degrees of freedom.

Short Answer Questions

What is the computed test statistic? ______________

What is the p-value for a two-tailed test? _____

What is the null hypothesis? _____________________

What is the alternate hypothesis? _______________________

What is the proportion of sales made in Region A? ______

What is the proportion of sales made in Region B? ______

What is the pooled estimate of the population proportion? _______

Using the 1% level of significance, what is the critical value? _____

What is the z- test statistic? _____________

What is the value of the test statistic?

Chapter 11 Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis Answer Key

True / False Questions

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

AACSB: Communication Abilities

Multiple Choice Questions