Grade 9. CHEMISTRY CH-1 Matter in Our Surrounding Exercise: Acceleration Institute

Acceleration Institute
Grade 9. CHEMISTRY
CH-1
MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDING
EXERCISE
Page: 3
Q.1Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, lemon water,
smell of perfume.
Ans. The following substances are matter: Chair, Air, Almonds, Lemon,
and water.
Q.2 Give reasons for the following observation:
(a) The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meters away, but
to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.
Ans. The rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature due
to the increase in the kinetic energy of solid food particles diffused in
air. The kinetic energy of hot food particles is high as compared to cold
food. Thus, the smell of hot sizzling food reaches us even at a distance,
but to get the smell from cold food we have to go close.
(b) A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which
property of matter does this observation show?
Ans. The diver is able to easily cut through the water in the swimming
pool because of the weak forces of attraction between water
molecules. It is this property of water that attributes to easy diving.
Q.3What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?
Ans. The characteristics of particles of matter are:
(a) Presence of intermolecular spaces between particles
(b) Particles are in constant motion
(c) They attract each other
Page: 6
Q.1 The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density.
(Density=mass/volume). Arrange the following in the order of
increasing density – air, exhaust from the chimneys, honey, water,
chalk, cotton and iron.
Ans. The following substances are arranged in the increasing density:
Air<Exhaust from chimney<Cotton<Water<Honey<Chalk<Iron
Q.2Answer the following.
a) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of matter.
Ans.
S.No Characteristics Solid State Liquid State Gaseous State
1. Shape Fixed shape No fixed No fixed
shape shape
2. Volume Fixed volume Fixed volume No fixed
volume
3. Intermolecular Maximum Less than Minimum
force solid
4. Intermolecular Very less More than Maximum
space solids
b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity,

filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy and density.
(i) Rigidity: It is the characteristics of a substance to continue to
remain in its shape when treated with an external force.
(ii) Compressibility: It is the characteristics of the particles to contract
its intermolecular space when exposed to an external force thereby
increasing its density.
(iii) Fluidity: It is the ability of a substance to flow or move about
freely.
(iv)Filling the gas container: The particles in a container take its shape
as they randomly vibrate in all possible directions.
(v) Shape: It is the definite structure of an object within an external
boundary.
(vi)Kinetic energy: Motion allows particles to possess energy which is
referred to as kinetic energy. The increasing order of kinetic energy
possessed by various states of matter are: Solids < Liquids < Gases
(vii)Density: It is the mass of a unit volume of a substance. It is
expressed as:
d = M/V, where ‘d’ is the density, ‘M’ is the mass and ‘V’ is the volume
of the substance.
Q.3 Give reasons

a) Kinetic energy possessed by gas particles is very high which allows
them to randomly move.
Ans. Across all directions when contained, hence the particles fills the
gas vessel entirely.
b) Gas molecules possess high kinetic energy, due to which they are
under constant motion inside.
Ans. The container in random directions which causes them to hit the
walls of the container and hence create vibrations. These collisions
with the walls of the container generate pressure.
c) A wooden table should be called a solid.
Ans. A wooden table should be called a solid as it possesses all the
properties of a solid such as:
• Definite size and shape
• Intermolecular attraction between closely packed particles.
• It is rigid and cannot be compressed
d) We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a
solid block of wood we need a karate expert.
Ans. Molecules in gases are loosely packed as compared to solid
molecules which are densely packed. Hence we are easily able to
break the force of attraction when we move our hand through air but
find it difficult to break through a solid (because of greater forces of
attraction between molecules) which a karate expert is able to smash
with the application of a lot of force.
Q.4 Liquids generally have a lower density than solids. But you must
have observed that ice floats on water. Find out why.
Ans. Density of ice is less than the density of water. The low density of
ice can be attributed to the small pores it has which allows it to trap
air hence ice floats on water.
Page: 9
Q.1 Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale:
a. 300K b. 573K
a. 0°C=273K
300K= (300-273)°C = 27°C
b. 573K= (573-273)°C = 300°C
Q.2What is the physical state of water at:
a. 250°C b. 100°C ?
(a) At 250°C – Gaseous state since it is beyond its boiling point.

(b) At 100°C – It is at the transition state as the water is at its boiling
point. Hence it would be present in both liquid and gaseous state.
Q.3 For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant
during the change of state?
Ans. It is due to the latent heat as the heat supplied to increase the
temperature of the substance is used up to transform the state of
matter of the substance hence the temperature stays constant.
Q.4 Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.

Ans. It can be achieved by either increasing the pressure or decreasing
the temperature which ultimately leads to the reduction of spaces
between molecules.
Page: 10
Q.1Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
Ans. It is because the temperature is high and it is less humid on a hot
dry day which enables better evaporation. High levels of this
evaporation provide better cooling effects.
Q.2How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool
during summer?
Ans. An earthen pot is porous in nature. These tiny pores facilitate
penetration of water and hence their evaporation from the pot
surface. The process of evaporation requires energy which is
contributed by water in the pot as a result of which water turns cooler.
Q.3Why does our palm feel cold when we put on some acetone or
petrol or perfume on it?
Ans. Acetone, petrol, and perfume are volatile substances that get
evaporated when they come in contact with air. Evaporation is
facilitated as it uses energy from palm hence leaving a cooling effect
on our palms.
Q.4Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather
than a cup?
Ans. A saucer has a larger surface area than a cup which promotes
quicker evaporation hence the tea or milk in a saucer cools down
faster.
Q.5What type of clothes should we wear in summer?

Ans. In summer, it is preferred to wear light-coloured cotton clothes
because light colour reflects heat and cotton materials have pores that
absorb sweat, facilitating their evaporation hence causing a cooling
effect in the skin.

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Acceleration Institute

b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity,

Q.3 Give reasons

(a) At 250°C – Gaseous state since it is beyond its boiling point.

Q.4 Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.

Q.5What type of clothes should we wear in summer?

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