Designation: D3242 – 11

Designation: 354/98

Standard Test Method for

Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* sample, required to titrate a sample in a specified solvent to a

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity specified endpoint using a specified detection system.
in aviation turbine fuel in the range from 0.000 to 0.100 mg 3.1.1.1 Discussion—in this test method, the solvent is a
KOH/g. toluene-water-isopropanol mixture and the end point is deter-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as mined when a green/green brown color is obtained using the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this specified p-naphtholbenzein indicator solution.

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standard. 4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.1 The sample is dissolved in a mixture of toluene and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- isopropyl alcohol containing a small amount of water. The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- resulting single phase solution is blanketed by a stream of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. nitrogen bubbling through it and is titrated with standard
alcoholic potassium hydroxide to the end point indicated by the
2. Referenced Documents color change (orange in acid and green in base) of the added
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 p-naphtholbenzein solution.
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products 5. Significance and Use
by Potentiometric Titration
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water 5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due
either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to
3. Terminology naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamina-
3.1 Definitions: tion is not likely to be present because of the many check tests
3.1.1 acid number, n—the quantity of a specified base, made during the various stages of refining. However, trace
expressed in milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of
the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it
contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on aviation turbine fuel.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
5.2 This test method is designed to measure the levels of
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved acidity that can be present in aviation turbine fuel and is not
in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3242–08. DOI: 10.1520/ suitable for determining significant acid contamination.
D3242-11.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted 6. Apparatus
by the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6.1 Buret—A 25-mL buret graduated in 0.1-mL subdivi-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM sions, or a 10-mL buret graduated in 0.05-mL subdivisions.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NOTE 1—An automated buret capable of delivering titrant amounts in

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 D3242 – 11
0.05 mL or smaller increments can be used, but the stated precision data
were obtained using manual burets only.

7. Reagents and Materials

7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
where such specifications are available.3 Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
accuracy of the determination.
NOTE 2—Commercially available reagents may be used in place of
laboratory preparations when they are certified in accordance with 7.1.
7.2 Purity of Water— References to water shall be under-
stood to mean distilled water as defined by Type III water of
Specification D1193. FIG. 1 Titration Flask
7.3 p-Naphtholbenzein 4 , 5 Indicator Solution—The
p-naphtholbenzein must meet the specifications given in Annex One way to accomplish this is as follows. Weigh, to the nearest
A1. Prepare a solution of p-naphtholbenzein in titration solvent 0.1 mg, approximately 0.02 g of potassium acid phthalate,
equal to 10 6 0.01 g/L. which has been dried for at least 1 h at 110 6 1°C and dissolve
7.4 Nitrogen, dry-type, carbon dioxide-free. (Warning— in 40 6 1 mL of water, free of CO2. Titrate with the potassium
Compressed gas under high pressure. Gas reduces oxygen hydroxide alcoholic solution to either of the following end
available for breathing.) points: (1) when the titration is electrometric, titrate to a
7.5 Potassium Hydroxide Solution, Standard Alcoholic well-defined inflection point at the voltage that corresponds to
(0.01 N)—Add 0.6 g of solid KOH (Warning—Highly corro- the voltage of the basic buffer solution; (2) when the titration
sive to all body tissue both in solid form and in solution.) to is colorimetric, add 6 drops of phenolphthalein indicator
approximately 1 L of anhydrous isopropyl alcohol solution and titrate to the appearance of a permanent pink
(Warning—Flammable. Vapor harmful. Keep away from heat, color. Perform the blank titration on the water used to dissolve
sparks, and open flame.) (containing less than 0.9 % water) in the potassium acid phthalate. Calculate the normality using the
a 2-L Erlenmeyer flask. Boil the mixture gently for 10 to 15 equation:
min, stirring to prevent the solids from forming a cake on the Wp 1000
bottom. Add at least 0.2 g of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) Normality 5 204.23 3 V2V (1)
b
(Warning—Poisonous if ingested. Strongly alkaline, causes
severe irritation producing dermatitis.) and again boil gently where:
for 5 to 10 min. Cool to room temperature, allow to stand for Wp = weight of the potassium acid phthalate, g,
several hours, and filter the supernatant liquid through a fine 204.23 = molecular weight of the potassium acid phthalate,
sintered-glass or porcelain filtering funnel; avoid unnecessary V = volume of titrant used to titrate the salt to the
exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) during filtration. Store the specific end point, mL, and
solution in a chemically resistant dispensing bottle out of Vb = volume of titrant used to titrate the blank, mL.
contact with cork, rubber, or saponifiable stopcock lubricant 7.5.2 Phenolphthalein Indicator Solution—Dissolve 0.1 g
and protected by a guard tube containing soda lime. 6 0.01 of pure solid phenolphthalein in 50 mL of water, free of
CO2, and 50 mL of ethanol.
NOTE 3—Because of the relative large coefficient of cubic expansion of 7.6 Titration Solvent—Add 500 mL of toluene (Warning—
organic liquids, such as isopropyl alcohol, the standard alcoholic solutions
Flammable. Vapor harmful. Keep away from heat, sparks, and
should be standardized at temperatures close to those employed in the
titration of samples. open flame.) and 5 mL of water to 495 mL of anhydrous
isopropyl alcohol.
7.5.1 Standardization of Potassium Hydroxide Solution—
Standardize frequently enough to detect changes of 0.0002N. 8. Procedure
8.1 Introduce 100 6 5 g of the sample weighed to the
3
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American nearest 0.5 g, into a 500-mL wide-mouth Erlenmeyer flask.
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not (One type of suitable modified flask is shown in Fig. 1.) Add
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory 100 mL of the titration solvent and 0.1 mL of the indicator
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, solution. Introduce nitrogen through a 6 to 8 mm outside
MD. diameter glass tube to a point within 5 mm of the flask bottom
4
In a 2006 study, only Kodak, Baker (Mallinkrodt), Fluka, and Aldrich were at a rate of 600 to 800 mL/min. Bubble the solution for 3 min
found to meet the specifications in Annex A1. However, Kodak brand is no longer
6 30 s with occasional mixing.
available.
5
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may 8.1.1 The vapor from this treatment contains toluene and
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1626. should be removed with adequate ventilation.
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 D3242 – 11
8.2 Continue the nitrogen addition and titrate without delay TABLE 1 PrecisionA
at a temperature below 30°C. Add 0.01 N KOH solution in NOTE—All values are in acid number units.
increments and swirl to disperse. When the solution first turns Average Acid Number Repeatability Reproducibility
green, reduce the increment size to dropwise (manual buret) or
0.001 0.0004 0.0013
between 0.01 and 0.05 mL (automated buret). Continue until a 0.002 0.0006 0.0018
persistent green end point is reached and held for a minimum 0.005 0.0009 0.0029
of 15 s after the addition of the last increment. 0.010 0.0013 0.0041
0.020 0.0019 0.0057
NOTE 4—The temperature can be measured by any suitable temperature 0.050 0.0030 0.0091
measuring device. 0.100 0.0042 0.0128
A
These precision data were derived as follows:
8.3 Blank—Perform a blank titration on 100 mL of the Repeatability = 0.0132 =a
titration solvent and 0.1 mL of the indicator solution, introduc- Reproducibility = 0.0406 = a
ing the nitrogen in the same manner and titrating to the same where: a = acid number

end point as above.

9. Quality Control Checks 11. Report
9.1 Confirm the performance of the equipment or the
11.1 Report the result to the nearest 0.001 mg KOH/g as
procedure each day it is in use, by analyzing a quality control
Acid Number (Test Method D3242) = (Result).
(QC) sample. It is advisable to analyze additional QC samples
as appropriate, such as at the end of a batch of samples or after 7
a fixed number of samples to ensure the quality of the results. 12. Precision and Bias
Analysis of result(s) from these QC samples can be carried out 12.1 Precision—The precision of this test method as deter-
using control chart techniques.6 When the QC sample result mined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is as
causes the laboratory to be in an out-of-control situation, such follows:
as exceeding the laboratory’s control limits, instrument recali- 12.1.1 Repeatability—The difference between two test re-
bration may be required. An ample supply of QC sample sults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus
material shall be available for the intended period of use, and under constant operating conditions on identical test material,
shall be homogeneous and stable under the anticipated storage would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of
conditions. If possible, the QC sample shall be representative the test method, exceed the following values only in one case
of samples typically analyzed and the average value and in twenty (see Table 1).
control limits of the QC sample shall be determined prior to
12.1.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two single
monitoring the measurement process. The QC sample preci-
and independent results obtained by different operators work-
sion shall be checked against the ASTM method precision to
ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, in
ensure data quality.
the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test
NOTE 5—Because the acid number can vary while the QC sample is in method, exceed the following values only in one case in twenty
storage, when an out-of-control situation arises, the stability of the QC (see Table 1).
sample can be a source of the error.
NOTE 6—The precision statements were based on the use of manual
10. Calculations burets only. The user is cautioned that the precision statements may or
10.1 Calculate the acid number as follows: may not be applicable to titrations performed with the use of automated
burets, since no interlaboratory study has been conducted to date to
Acid number, mg of KOH/g 5 [~A 2 B!N 3 56.1]/W (2) statistically evaluate results determined by both techniques.
where: 12.2 Bias—The procedure in this test method has no bias
A = KOH solution required for titration of the sample because the value of the acid can be defined only in terms of
(8.2), mL, the test method.
B = KOH solution required for titration of the blank (8.3),
mL, 13. Keywords
N = normality of the KOH solution, and
W = sample used, g. 13.1 acidity; aviation turbine fuel

6
MNL 7, Manual on Presentation of Data Control Chart Analysis, Section 3:
7
Control Charts for Individuals, 6th ed., ASTM International, W. Conshohocken, Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
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1990. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1010.

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 D3242 – 11
ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. SPECIFICATIONS FOR p-NAPHTHOLBENZEIN

A1.1 Conformity Requirements A1.1.5.1 Indicator turns to the first clear green at a relative
A1.1.1 Appearance—Red amorphous powder. pH of 11 6 0.5 when tested by the method for pHr range of
A1.1.2 Chlorides—Less than 0.5 %. p-naphtholbenzein indicator as described in Annex A2.
A1.1.3 Solubility—Ten grams shall dissolve completely in 1 A1.1.5.2 Requires not more than 0.5 mL of 0.01 N KOH
L of titration solvent. solution above that for the blank to bring the indicator solution
A1.1.4 Minimum Absorbance—Exactly 0.1000 g of the to the first clear green.
sample is dissolve in 250 mL of methanol. (Warning— A1.1.5.3 Requires not more than 1.0 mL of 0.01 N KOH
Flammable.) Five millilitres of this solution is made up to 100 solution above that for the blank to bring the indicator solution
mL with pH 12 buffer. This final dilution should have a to a blue color.
minimum absorbance of 1.20 when read at the 650-nm peak A1.1.5.4 Initial pHr of the indicator solution is at least as
using a Beckman DU or alternative type spectrophotometer, high as that of the blank.
1-cm cells, and water as the blank. A1.1.5.5 Buffer is made by mixing 50 mL of 0.05 M dibasic
A1.1.5 pH Range: sodium phosphate with 26.9 mL 0.1 M sodium hydroxide.

A2. TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING pHr RANGE OF p-NAPHTHOLBENZEIN INDICATOR

A2.1 Scope of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening
A2.1.1 This test method is intended for determining the the accuracy of the determination.
acceptability of p-naphtholbenzein indicator for use in Test A2.5.2 Purity of Water—References to water shall be un-
Method D3242 with regard to color change over a pHr range. derstood to mean distilled water.
A2.5.3 Acidic Buffer Solution (pHr = 4.0):
A2.2. Terminology A2.5.3.1 2,4,6 Trimethyl Pyridine (g Collidine)—
A2.2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: ((CH3)3C5H2N)—(mol weight 121.18). (Warning—2,4,6-
A2.2.1.1 pHr—an arbitrary term which expresses the rela- trimethyl pyridine (g collidine) is hazardous if swallowed,
tive hydrogen ion activity in the toluene-isopropyl alcohol breathed, or spilled on skin or eyes.) (Warning—Wear chemi-
medium in a manner similar to that in which the term pH cal safety goggles, neoprene or rubber gloves and an apron.
expresses the actual hydrogen ion activity in aqueous solutions. Use only in a well-ventilated hood, or wear an approved
For the purpose of this test method, the pHr acidity scale is respirator for organic vapor or a supplied-air respirator. Do not
defined by two standard buffer solutions which have been take internally.) Conform to the following requirements:
designated pHr 4 and pHr 11. The exact relation between pHr Boiling range 168 to 170°C
and the true pH of a toluene-isopropyl alcohol solution is not Refractive index, nD20 1.4982 6 0.0005
Color colorless
known and cannot be readily determined.
A2.5.3.2 Store the reagent over activated alumina, and keep
A2.3 Summary of Test Method it in a brown glass bottle.
A2.3.1 A prescribed amount of indicator is titrated electro- A2.5.3.3 Buffer Stock Solution A—(Warning—
metrically through the various color changes with alcoholic Flammable.) (Warning—2,4,6-trimethyl pyridine (g collidine)
potassium hydroxide and results plotted against meter readings is hazardous if swallowed, breathed, or spilled on skin or eyes.)
converted to pHr units. (Warning—Wear chemical safety goggles, neoprene or rubber
gloves and an apron. Use only in a well-ventilated hood, or
A2.4 Apparatus wear an approved respirator for organic vapor or a supplied-air
A2.4.1 Meter, Reference and Glass Electrodes or Combina- respirator. Do not take internally.) Accurately weigh 24.2 6 0.1
tion Electrode, Stirrer, Beaker, and Stand, as specified in Test g of 2,4,6-trimethyl pyridine (g -collidine), and transfer to a
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Method D664 – IP 177. 1-L volumetric flask containing 100 mL of propan-2-ol. Using
a 1-L graduated cylinder, add to the flask, while continuously
A2.5 Reagents stirring its contents, 150/C 6 5 mL of 0.2-mol/L alcoholic HCl
A2.5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall solution (C being the exact molarity concentration of the HCl
be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended solution found by standardization). Dilute to the 1000-mL
that all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the mark with propan-2-ol, and mix thoroughly. Use within two
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical weeks.
Society, where such specifications are available.3 Other grades A2.5.3.4 Buffer, Nonaqueous Acidic—Add 10 mL of buffer
may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is stock Solution A to 100 mL of titration solvent. Use within 1 h.

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 D3242 – 11
A2.5.4 Alkaline Buffer Solution (pHr = 11.0): chromium-free cleaning solution or in other equipment clean-
A2.5.4.1 m-Nitrophenol (NO 2 C 6 H 4 OH) (mol weight ing solutions. (Warning—Causes severe burns. Strong oxi-
139.11). (Warning—m-Nitrophenol can be hazardous if swal- dizer. Contact with materials may cause fire. Hygroscopic.)
lowed, breathed, or spilled on skin or eyes. Wear chemical- Drain the electrode at least once each week, and refill with
safety goggles, neoprene or rubber gloves, and an apron. Use fresh KCl electrolyte as far as the filling hole. Ascertain that
only in a well-ventilated hood, or wear an approved respirator crystallized KCl is present. Maintain the electrolyte level in the
for organic vapor or a supplied-air respirator. Do not take reference electrode above that of the liquid in the titration
internally.) Conform to the following requirements: beaker or vessel at all times. When not in use, immerse the
Melting point 96 to 97°C lower halves of the electrodes in water. Do not allow them to
Color pale yellow remain immersed in titration solvent for any appreciable period
A2.5.4.2 Store the reagent in a brown glass bottle. of time between titrations. While the electrodes are not
A2.5.4.3 Buffer Stock Solution B—(Warning— extremely fragile, handle them carefully at all times.
Flammable.) (Warning—m-Nitrophenol can be hazardous if NOTE A2.1—Cleaning the electrodes8 thoroughly, keeping the ground-
swallowed, breathed, or spilled on skin or eyes. Wear glass joint free of foreign materials, and regular testing of the electrodes
chemical-safety goggles, neoprene or rubber gloves, and an are very important in obtaining repeatable potentials, since contamination
apron. Use only in a well-ventilated hood, or wear an approved may introduce uncertain erratic and unnoticeable liquid contact potentials.
While this is of secondary importance when end points are chosen from
respirator for organic vapor or a supplied-air respirator. Do not
inflection points in the titration curve, it may be quite serious when end
take internally.) Accurately weigh 27.8 6 0.1 g of points are chosen at arbitrarily fixed cell potentials.
m-nitrophenol and transfer to a 1-L volumetric flask containing
100 mL of propan-2-ol. Using a 250-mL graduated cylinder, A2.6.2 Preparation of Electrodes—Before and after using,
add to the flask while continuously stirring its contents, wipe the glass electrode thoroughly with a clean cloth, or a soft
50/C26 1 mL of 0.2-mol/L alcoholic KOH solution (C2 being absorbent tissue, and rinse with water. Wipe the reference
the exact molarity concentration of the KOH solution found by electrode with a cloth or tissue, carefully remove the ground-
standardization). Dilute to the 1000-mL mark with propan-2- glass sleeve, and thoroughly wipe both ground surfaces.
ol, and mix thoroughly. Use within two weeks. Replace the sleeve loosely, and allow a few drops of electrolyte
A2.5.4.4 Buffer Nonaqueous Basic—Add 10 mL of buffer to drain through to flush the ground-glass joint. (Warning—
stock Solution B to 100 mL of titration solvent. Use within 1 Causes severe burns.) Wet the ground surfaces thoroughly with
h. electrolyte, set the sleeve firmly in place, and rinse the
A2.5.5 Hydrochloric Acid, Standard Alcoholic Solu- electrode with water. Prior to each titration, soak the prepared
tion (0.2 N)—Prepare and standardize in accordance with Test electrodes in water for at least 5 min immediately before use,
and touch the tips of the electrodes with a dry cloth or tissue to

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Method D664 – IP 177.
remove the excess of water.
A2.5.6 p-Naphtholbenzein Indicator Solution—Prepare as
A2.6.3 Testing of Electrodes—Test the meter-electrode
described in 7.3.
combination when first put into use, or when new electrodes
A2.5.7 Potassium Chloride Electrolyte—Prepare a satu-
are installed, and retest at intervals thereafter by dipping the
rated solution of potassium chloride (KCl) in water.
electrodes into a well-stirred mixture of 100 mL of the titration
A2.5.8 Potassium Hydroxide, Standard Alcoholic
solvent and 1.0 to 1.5 mL of 0.1-mol/L alcoholic KOH
Solution—(0.2 N). (Warning—Flammable.) (Warning—
solution. For the meter-electrode combination to be suitable for
Causes severe burns.). Add 12 to 13 g of potassium hydroxide
use, the potential between the electrodes should change by
(KOH) to approximately 1 L of anhydrous propan-2-ol. Boil
more than 480 mV from the potential between the same
gently for 10 min to effect solution. Allow the solution to stand
electrodes when dipped in the nonaqueous acidic buffer solu-
for two days, and then filter the supernatant liquid through a
tion (Note A2.2).
fine sintered glass funnel. Store the solution in a chemically
resistant bottle. Dispense in a manner such that the solution is NOTE A2.2—Considerably more sensitive electrodes are now available
protected from atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by means of that will show a potential change of at least 590 mV under these
a guard tube containing soda lime or soda non-fibrous silicate conditions, and their use is recommended. When combination electrodes
are used, test as in 8.3.
absorbants and such that it does not come into contact with
cork, rubber, or saponifiable stopcock grease. Standardize A2.7 Standardization of Apparatus
frequently enough to detect concentration changes of 0.0005
A2.7.1 Prior to each test or series of tests, set the meter to
by potentiometric titration of weighed quantities of potassium
read on the pH scale, insert the electrodes into a beaker
acid phthalate dissolved in CO2-free water.
containing the acidic nonaqueous buffer solution at a tempera-
A2.5.9 Titration Solvent—Add 500 mL of toluene and 5 mL ture of 25 6 2°C and stir the solution vigorously. When the pH
of water to 495 mL of anhydrous isopropyl alcohol. The meter reading becomes constant adjust the asymmetry potential
titration solvent should be made up in large quantities. dial of the instrument so that the meter reads 4.0.
A2.6 Preparation of Electrode System
8
For a detailed discussion of the need for care in preparation of the electrodes,
A2.6.1 Maintenance of Electrodes—Clean the glass elec-
see Lykken, L., Porter, P., Ruliffson, H. D., and Tuemmler, F. D., “Potentiometric-
trode (Note A2.1) at frequent intervals (not less than once Determination of Acidity in Highly Colored Oils,” Industrial and Engineering
every week during continual use) by immersing in cold Chemistry, Analytical Edition, IENAA, Vol 16, 1944, pp. 219–234.

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 D3242 – 11
A2.7.2 Remove the acidic buffer, clean the electrodes, and
immerse them in water for several minutes. Dry the electrodes
and insert them in a beaker containing alkaline nonaqueous
buffer solution at 25 6 2°C. When the pH meter reading has
become steady, record the exact value. If the reading is within
0.2 pH units of 11.0, the initial acidity, pHr, of unknown
solutions may be read directly from the dial of the meter. If the
reading is not within 0.2 units of 11.0 prepare a correction
graph as shown in Fig. A2.1. Use this graph to convert pH
meter readings to initial acidity, pHr.
A2.8 Procedure
A2.8.1 Titrate 100 mL of titration solvent with 0.01 N KOH
solution until the meter indicates a pHr between 13 and 14.
A2.8.2 Add 0.5 mL of indicator solution to a fresh portion
of titration solvent and after cleaning the electrodes titrate with
0.01 N KOH solution until the meter indicates a pHr between FIG. A2.1 Calibration Curve for Conversion of pH Meter Readings
to pHr
13 and 14.
A2.8.3 During the titration, plot the volume of titrant
against the pHr or meter reading and note on the curve the A2.8.4 Plot the blank titration on the same paper used for
various color changes at the corresponding pHr values. the indicator.
NOTE A2.3—The following color changes, in order, are intended as a A2.9 Calculation
guide:
A2.9.1 Subtract the volume of titrant used in the blank
Amber to olive green
Olive green to clear green titration from that used for the indicator solution titration at the
Clear green to bluish green same pHr corresponding to the definite color changes between
Bluish green to blue 10 to 12 pHr.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Subcommittee D02.06 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D3242–08) that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Updated 3.1.1.

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