PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Gratings

PTS 11.10.04
June 2017

© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
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FOREWORD

PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.

Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.

Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established
standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.

In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.

PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.

The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.
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Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 5

1.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS..................................................................................................... 5
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ............................................................................................... 6
2.0 STANDARD GRATINGS ........................................................................................... 7
2.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 APPLICABLE CODES & STANDARDS ............................................................................... 7
2.3 MATERIAL ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION .............................................................................. 7
2.5 LOADING AND DEFLECTION........................................................................................... 7
2.6 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................... 8
2.7 TESTING OF GRATINGS PANEL ....................................................................................... 8
3.0 ALTERNATIVE GRATINGS TYPES ............................................................................. 9
3.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 9
3.2 STEEL GRATINGS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFICATIONS FROM STANDARD GRATINGS ......... 9
3.3 ALUMINIUM GRATINGS ................................................................................................. 9
3.4 FRP GRATINGS ............................................................................................................... 9
4.0 FASTENERS .......................................................................................................... 10
5.0 SAFETY ................................................................................................................ 11
5.1 SLIP PREVENTION......................................................................................................... 11
5.2 FALL PROTECTION........................................................................................................ 11
6.0 FABRICATION ...................................................................................................... 12
6.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................... 12
6.2 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION ......................................................................................... 12
6.3 PREPARATION OF MATERIAL ....................................................................................... 12
6.4 INSPECTION OF GRATINGS DURING FABRICATION ..................................................... 12
6.5 TOLERANCES REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................... 12
6.6 DELIVERY OF MATERIALS ............................................................................................. 12
7.0 INSTALLATION AND INSPECTION ......................................................................... 13
7.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................... 13
7.2 INSTALLATION AND INSPECTION ................................................................................. 13
7.3 QUALITY CONTROL ...................................................................................................... 13
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8.0 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE DURING SERVICE ............................................. 14

8.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................... 14
8.2 INSPECTION ................................................................................................................. 14
8.3 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR ........................................................................................ 14
9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 15
APPENDIX 1: GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR GRATINGS PANEL INSTALLATION AND
INSPECTION CHECKLIST................................................................................................... 16
APPENDIX 2: STANDARD DRAWING (GRATINGS TYPE 1) ................................................ 18
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This PTS provides the minimum technical requirements and recommendations for gratings to
be used in PETRONAS facilities.

This PTS adopts International code, standards and best practices with additional requirements
as an amendment and supplement based on PETRONAS lessons learnt and best practices.

1.1 SCOPE
The scope of this PTS is covering technical requirements for the supply and installation of open
bar gratings for flooring such as for working platforms, walkways and stair threads.

For offshore application, reference shall be made to PTS 11.22.02 and PTS 15.12.06 for
additional requirements for gratings.

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

Refer to PTS 00.01.03 for PTS Requirements, General Definition Of Terms, Abbreviations &
Reading Guide.

1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms

No Term Definition

1 Load Bearing Bar or Bearing Bar A longitudinal load carrying member of

uniform section spanning between supports

2 Transverse Bar Runs perpendicular to load bearing bar to

provide lateral restraint

3 Pitch The center to center distance between load

bearing bar or transverse bar

4 Nosing Single or composite sections with grit

bonded top. Primary use are for stair treads
and landings as a skid resistant surface.

5 Banding bar or end bar Member or section fixed to the edge of a

gratings, flush with the top of the bearing
bar

6 Gratings positioner Flat steel or stud fixed on the support

members to restrain movement of gratings
panels
Table 1.1: Specific Definition of Terms
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1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

No Abbreviation Description

1 TOG Top of gratings

2 FRP Fibre reinforced plastic or polymer

3 UV Ultraviolet

4 UDL Uniform distributed load

Table 1.2: Specific Abbreviations

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

The scope of this PTS is covering technical requirements for the supply and installation of open
bar gratings for flooring.
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2.0 STANDARD GRATINGS

2.1 GENERAL

For new facilities, standard gratings shall be as per standard drawing D11.92.053.

Load bearing bar shall be flat bar or I bar minimum 25 mm deep, 5 mm thick and of serrated
type with maximum spacing (pitch) of 35 mm.

Traverse bar shall be minimum 5 mm square twisted bar with spacing (pitch) of:
i. minimum of 50 mm
ii. maximum of 100 mm

All steel gratings panel shall have banding bar at both edges of gratings to stabilize load
bearing bar. Banding bar shall be as the same dimensions as the load bearing bar.

Standard gratings shall be used for open flooring unless in circumstances specified in 3.1

For offshore application, reference shall be made to PTS 11.22.02 and PTS 15.12.06 for
additional requirements for gratings.

2.2 APPLICABLE CODES & STANDARDS

General requirements for standard gratings shall be in accordance with BS 4592-0 and BS
4592-1 or approved equivalent.

Specific requirements for standard gratings are as specified in this documents.

2.3 MATERIAL

Material for standard gratings shall be low carbon steel in accordance with BS EN 10025 or
approved equivalent.

2.4 PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION

Gratings shall be hot dipped galvanized in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461.

Gratings fastening accessories shall also be hot dipped galvanized or with other equivalent
protection system e.g. stainless steel, duplex etc.
NOTE(S):
Precautions shall be taken when there are austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, nickel alloy or 9% nickel steel piping
or equipment nearby to avoid zinc contamination during installation or maintenance of hot dipped galvanized gratings.

2.5 LOADING AND DEFLECTION

Minimum design loading for gratings shall be in accordance with PTS 11.10.01 on imposed
load for floors, platforms, walkways and staircases for “operational/maintenance” (excluding
self-weight).
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Flooring which the usage can be explicitly determined for access only could be designed to
imposed load for “access only” as per PTS 11.10.02 subjected to Owner’s approval.

Under design load, maximum deflection of gratings panel shall be 5 mm (for maximum span
of 1.2 m) or span/200 whichever is the lesser.

For irregular shape gratings panels and panels with cut outs, calculation shall be made to show
that the panels meet the above criteria.

2.6 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS

General dimensional requirements of standard gratings panel shall be as follows:

i. Maximum span for onshore application should be 1200 mm.
ii. Single gratings panel weight should not exceed 65 kg.
iii. Both ends of gratings panels shall be properly supported in the direction of the
load bearing bars. Direction of load bearing bars shall be clearly indicated on the
structural construction drawings.
iv. Gratings cantilever or mid span termination are not acceptable.
v. Minimum bearing bar overlap over a supporting structural member shall be 50
mm.
For offshore application, reference shall be made to PTS 11.22.02 and PTS 15.12.06 for
additional requirements for gratings.

2.7 TESTING OF GRATINGS PANEL

Methods of testing of the strength and deflection of gratings panels shall be in accordance
with BS EN 4592-0 Annex A.
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3.0 ALTERNATIVE GRATINGS TYPES

3.1 GENERAL

The use of alternative gratings types may be considered on the following circumstances
subjected to Owner’s approval:
i. Ease of supply
ii. Significant cost saving (capital and life cycle cost)
iii. Specific service conditions e.g. high corrosive condition, light weight
requirement etc.

The following requirements, shall be met as a minimum for the selection:

i. Requirement for loading and deflection as per section 2.5
ii. Openings of the panel shall not permit the passage of a 35 mm sphere

Alternative type of gratings should be of the following:

i. Steel gratings of different specifications from standard gratings
ii. Aluminium gratings
iii. FRP gratings

3.2 STEEL GRATINGS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFICATIONS FROM STANDARD GRATINGS

Other steel gratings types shall be in accordance with BS 4592-0 and BS 4592-1 or approved
equivalent.

3.3 ALUMINIUM GRATINGS

Aluminium for gratings shall be in accordance with BS EN 12020-1 and BS EN 12020-2 or

approved equivalent.

3.4 FRP GRATINGS

FRP gratings shall not be used for walkway flooring along escape route.

Fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) gratings shall have properties of ultra violet light resistant and
made with fire retardant resin. Lower specifications of FRP gratings may be used depending
on specific application subjected to Owner’s approval.

FRP gratings shall be of pultruded (open bar) or moulded open mesh types.

Pultruded FRP gratings shall be in accordance with BS 4592-4 or approved equivalent

Moulded FRP gratings shall be in accordance with BS 4592-6 or approved equivalent.

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4.0 FASTENERS

Gratings flooring panels shall be fixed securely to the supporting structural members using
not less than 4 nos. of fastener per each gratings panel. In case of very large panels minimum
fastener shall be 4 nos. per m2.

The fastener fixings shall be of the type that can be fixed and removed by persons working
from the surface of the gratings panel.

Type of fastening system shall be corrosion resistant appropriate for the application and
environment.

Fastening system should be of vibration resistance type depending on the operating condition
for example nearby large compressors, air fin coolers etc.

Friction grip fixing clips type should only be used when no or minimal vibration is anticipated.

Fasteners shall be compatible with the gratings material, dimensions and mesh profiles and
installation shall be as per manufacturer’s instructions.

Direct welding of gratings or site welded stud to supporting steel is not acceptable unless
approved by Owner.

Friction grip fastener for lightweight gratings system such as aluminium and FRP is not
recommended to be use unless complemented by gratings positioner.
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5.0 SAFETY

5.1 SLIP PREVENTION

5.1.1 Flooring

Steel gratings should be of serrated type. All gratings platform shall be clean, free from
product built up and free of tripping hazard.

5.1.2 Stairs

Stair treads shall be equipped with slip resistant nosing and subject to Owner’s approval. All
stairways shall be designed, fabricated and installed in accordance with relevant PTS Standard
drawing.

5.2 FALL PROTECTION

Refer to PTS 18.52.07 for hazard of falling through opening when gratings is temporarily
removed.
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6.0 FABRICATION

6.1 GENERAL

Contractor’s responsibility shall include site measurement, preparation of fabrication

drawing, obtaining Owner’s approval and fabrication of the gratings panels. All required
cutting, fitting and welding shall be performed in the shop in accordance with the approved
fabrication drawings. All cut-outs to clear obstructions should have a recommended clearance
of 25 mm and shall have a toe plate of minimum 5mm thick and 80mm high.

Fabricate the gratings sections in shop to greatest extent possible to minimize field splicing
and assembly. Disassemble units only as necessary for shipping and handling limitations. Use
connections that maintain structural value of joined pieces. Clearly mark units for reassembly
and coordinated installation.

6.2 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION

Gratings assembly shall be properly tagged and identified by the vendor as per project
specification for shipment and later for traceability with respect to drawings.

6.3 PREPARATION OF MATERIAL

Vendor scope of work shall include, site measurement, preparation of fabrication drawing &
material as per project specification prior to fabrication. Furnish setting drawings, diagrams,
templates, instructions and directions for the installation of anchorages, having integral
anchors, which are to be embedded. Coordinate with the delivery of such items to the project
site.

6.4 INSPECTION OF GRATINGS DURING FABRICATION

During fabrication the contractor shall permit access to Owner or the nominated
representative to the fabricators workshop for the purpose of carrying out inspections as per
agreed procedure.

6.5 TOLERANCES REQUIREMENTS

Maximum permissible tolerances of finished sizes and manufacturing shall be in accordance

with BS 4592-1.

6.6 DELIVERY OF MATERIALS

Gratings shall be stored before, during, and after shipment in the manner to prevent any
possible damage, i.e.: cracking, twisting, bending, breaking, chipping, UV deterioration, etc. It
shall be delivered with labels on each panel clearly identifying manufacturer, panel size,
tagging of gratings and location of installation.
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7.0 INSTALLATION AND INSPECTION

7.1 GENERAL
Installation of gratings shall be in accordance with gratings manufacturer's instructions and at
locations indicated on the drawings. The manufacturer shall provide detailed instructions and
all the components required for successful installation. The gratings shall be received at the
job site by the contractor, unloaded and protected from damage prior to installation.

7.2 INSTALLATION AND INSPECTION

Job Method Statement shall be submitted to the Owner for approval.

General guidelines for gratings panel installation and inspection checklist are provided in
APPENDIX 2.

7.3 QUALITY CONTROL

Manufacturer shall provide QAQC procedure for Owner’s approval.

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8.0 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE DURING SERVICE

8.1 GENERAL

The inspection for gratings should be carried once in two years after installation. Detailed
check list should be prepared to check for condition such as corrosion, crack, deflection, other
defects and fastener connection etc.

8.2 INSPECTION

Gratings shall be inspected as part of the periodic inspection campaign. As a general guideline,
the following conditions should be checked:
i. Gratings support members’ conditions.
ii. Damage to load bearing bars from dropped/dragged objects or impact damage
from trolleys.
iii. Dislodge of transverse bar from load bearing bar.
iv. Nosing – Top of stairs, landings, toe-plate and all stair treads.
v. Coating condition and numbers and placement of gratings fasteners.
vi. Trip hazards or open areas (holes) that could pose safety risks.
vii. Loosening of fastener connection.
viii. Corrosion of gratings, its supporting structure and its fasteners.
ix. Change in color for FRP gratings.
x. Condition of anti-slip surface.

8.3 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

Maintenance of gratings shall be carried out periodically to ensure safety and durability.

Defectives galvanized surfaces should be repaired by applying galvanizing repair paint in

accordance with standard code of practice.

Damage on the anti-slip surface of FRP gratings shall be repaired with anti-slip patch kit. FRP
gratings shall be replaced when there is any cracks or discontinuity of the material.
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9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically
designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01
PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & PTS 00.01.03
Reading Guide
Minimum Loadings and Load Combinations for Onshore Structural PTS 11.10.01
Design
Steel Structures PTS 11.15.02
Design of Fixed Offshore Structures PTS 11.22.02
Structural Steel Fabrication PTS 15.12.06
Gratings Type I D11.92.053

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Structural Welding Code - Steel ANSI/AWS D1.1

Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials. BS EN 1011-Part 1
General guidance for arc welding
Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials. BS EN 1011-Part 2
Arc welding for ferrite steels
Hot rolled products of structural steels BS EN 10025
Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded precision profiles in BS EN 12020
alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063
Industrial type flooring and stair treads BS EN 4592
Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel BS EN ISO 1461
articles
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APPENDIX 1: GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR GRATINGS PANEL INSTALLATION AND

INSPECTION CHECKLIST
A. General guidelines for gratings panel installation

The following are general guidelines for gratings panel installation:

i. For steel gratings, all welding shall be in accordance with AWS D 1.1 or BS EN 1011
or approved equivalent.
ii. Ensure support steel bearing surfaces are clean.
iii. Installed gratings shall be in level, square, rigid, with flush installation, and without
warp.
iv. Install gratings with load bearing bars in correct alignment. Direction of load bearing
bars shall be clearly indicated on the structural construction drawings.
v. Gratings shall be supported firmly at the load bearing bar and attach to support steel
with a minimum of four fasteners per panel or per square meter.
vi. Cut openings for penetrations accurately to size and location. Additional support
shall be added as necessary to maintain its strength and deflection limit.
vii. Provide a minimum of 50 mm length of gratings in the load bar direction to rest on
the supporting steel members.
viii. Gap between gratings panels at the support location shall be not more than 25 mm
ix. When different gratings types with different depth of load bearing bar will be used
in the same elevation, the TOG shall be at the same elevation (flush).
x. Repair damaged galvanized steel gratings surfaces and apply galvanizing repair paint
in accordance with standard code of practice.
xi. Replace defective or damaged gratings.
xii. Both ends of gratings panels shall be properly supported in the direction of load
bearing bar. No gratings cantilever or mid span termination are allowed.
xiii. Toe plate shall be provided if opening on gratings is more than the area of 100mm x
100 mm.
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B. General guidelines for gratings inspection

In general the gratings surface shall be as uniform as possible after installation and shall not
show damage or cracks that can result to possible trip hazard, deflection from span to span,
or exposing fibres as such degrading the mechanical properties of the material. The gratings
shall not show any movement or possible torsion of the gratings bars. Detailed checklist shall
be developed to check the following:
i. Direction of load bearing bars is correct as per drawings
ii. Both ends of gratings panels are securely supported in the direction of the load
bearing bars.
iii. All the gratings fasteners are secured to the structural member using method
approved by Owner.
iv. All gratings firmly seat on its supporting structures.
v. Requirement of damaged protective coating or galvanization damaged during
installation.
vi. Ensure that the installed gratings is in line with engineering / fabrication drawing.
vii. The platform meets all the safety requirement & cleanliness in terms of left out
debris during installation.
viii. Installed at the correct elevation. No steps shall be allowed except as agreed by
Owner.
ix. Meet allowable spacing and gap between gratings, opening and platform edge.
x. No tilting or cantilever gratings.
xi. Deflections are within allowable tolerance.
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APPENDIX 2: STANDARD DRAWING (GRATINGS TYPE 1)