BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW- Nguyen Thi Duyen – Hung Yen High School

LESSON 1: TENSES IN ENGLISH

(C¸c th× trong tiÕngAnh)
Tenses Form Tr¹ng tõ thêng dïng C¸ch dïng & vÝ dô
1.The Simple * S + bare-V/ - always, often, usually, *1 thãi quen ë hiÖn t¹i
present V-s/V-es frequently, sometimes - ex: He usually (go) goes to school in the morning
(Th× hiÖn t¹i S+do/does+ NOT+ bare-V =occasionally, never * 1 sù thËt hiÓn nhiªn hay mét ch©n lý
®¬n) Do/Does+ S+ bare-V ? rarely=seldom, once or - eg: The sun (rise) rises in the East.
* to be: am, is, are twice a week, every….
2. The Present S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing at the moment = at * 1 sù viÖc ®ang diÔn ra ë hiÖn t¹i
Continuous S + am/is/are+ NOT+ V-ing present = now, right now - It (rain) is raining now.
(Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp Am/is/are+ S+ V-ing? Verb! (look!, listen!, be - Lan (eat) is eating at present
diÔn) quiet) - Listen! She (sing) is singing
* 1 kÕ ho¹ch ®· ®îc s¾p xÕp
- I am going to Hanoi tomorrow
3. The Present S + have/has + V3/Ved - for + kho¶ng tgian * 1 sù viÖc x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh râ thêi gian.
Perfect S + have/has +NOT+ V3/V-ed - since + mèc tgian/SV-ed eg: She (visit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times.
(Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn Have/Has + S + V3/V-ed? - never, ever, just, already * 1sù viÖc x¶y ra ë qu¸ khø vµ cßn tiÕp diÔn ®Õn hiÖn t¹i, dïng “for”
thµnh) - recently = lately, so far hoÆc “since”....
= up to now = up to the - We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years.
present= until now, - My mother (be) has been sick since yesterday
- yet *C¸c viÖc võa míi x¶y ra, dïng “just” hoÆc “recently”
- this is the first time ...., - Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt.
several times.
-in the last/past+khoangtg
4. The Present S + have/has + been + V-ing for + kho¶ng tgian * Gièng th× HTHT nhng nhÊn m¹nh 1 hµnh ®éng ®· b¾t ®Çu trong
perfect continuous S+have/has+NOT+been+V-ing since+mèc tgian/ S+V-ed qu¸ nhng cßn kÐo dµI ®Õn hiÖn t¹i vµ ®Õn c¶ t¬ng lai.
(Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn Have/Has + S + been + V-ing? so far = up to now = up to - She (wait) has been waiting to see you since 2 o’clock.
thµnh tiÕp diÔn) the present= until now - He (work) has been working in this factory for 4 years.

5. The Simple Past * S + V-ed/V2 - yesterday, last (last * Mét viÖc ®· x¶y ra vµ kÕt thóc trong qu¸ khø cã thêi gian x¸c ®Þnh
(Th× qu¸ khø ®¬n) S + did + NOT + bare-V week /month/ year...), râ.
Did +S + bare- V? - ………..ago, - She (meet) met him yesterday.
* to be: was, were - in + year (in 2000...) - Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last night
in the past * 1 thãi quen ë qu¸ khø mµ kh«ng cßn liªn quan ®Õn hiªn t¹i (= used to +
bare -V)
eg: He (go) went/ used to go fishing with his father when he a children
6. The Past S + was/ were + V-ing - at this time, * 1 sù viÖc ®ang x¶y ra t¹i mét mèc thêi gian trong QK.
Continuous (Th× S + was/ were + NOT + V-ing at 5 p.m + thêi gian q.khø - At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home.
qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn) Was/ were + S + V-ing? * 2 sù viÖc ®ång thêi cïng ®ang x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø.
 BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW- Nguyen Thi Duyen – Hung Yen High School

- when S + V-ed,…… - My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching
TV.
* 1 sù viÖc ®ang x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø (QKTD) th× 1 hµnh ®éng qu¸
khø kh¸c xen vµo (QK§)
-When he (drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident.
7. The Past S + had + V3/ V-ed -By/ Before+moc tgian *DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ hoµn thµnh tríc 1 thêi ®iÓm
Perfect :( Th× qu¸ S + had + NOT + V3/ V-ed qk trong QK hoÆc tríc 1 hµnh ®éng kh¸c trong QK
khø hoµn thµnh) Had + S + V3/ V-ed? - By the time/ Before/ - Before 1975, he (work) had worked in that factory.
When + S+ V-ed, …. - When I (come) came, he (leave) had left
- After ….., S + V-ed - After he (graduate) had graduated, he (go) went abroad.
8. The Past S + had + been + V-ing -By/ Before+moc tgian * DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ kÐo dµI trong QK ®Õn khi 1
Perfect S + had + NOT+ been + V-ing qk hµnh ®éng kh¸c trong QK xen vµo.
Continuous:( Th× Had + S + been + V-ing? - By the time/ Before/ - They (play) had been playing card for 2 hours before I came.
qu¸ khø hoµn When + S+ V-ed, ….
thµnh tiÕp diÔn)
9. The Simple S + will/ shall + V Tomorrow, next (next *DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng sÏ x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai.
future (Th× t¬ng S + will/shall + NOT +V week/ month/ year...), in - Tomorrow he (visit) will visit me.
lai ®¬n) Will/Shall + S + V? someday, ... - She (stay) will stay at home next Monday.
10. The Future S + will/ shall + be + V-ing - At this time, at ..o’clock * 1 sù viÖc ®ang x¶y ra t¹i mét mèc thêi gian trong t¬ng lai.
Continuous (Th× S + will/ shall+NOT+ be+ V- + tomorrow, next …… - At this time tomorrow, she (study) will be studying lessons at home.
t¬ng lai tiÕp diÔn) ing * 1 sù viÖc ®ang x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai (TLTD) th× 1 hµnh ®éng t¬ng
Will/ shall + S+ be + V-ing? - When S + V-hien tai,… lai kh¸c xen vµo (HT§)
-When he (come) comes tomorrow, I (watch) will be watching a
football match on TV.

11. The Future S + will/ shall + have + V3/ V- -By/ Before+moc tgian *DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ hoµn thµnh tríc 1 thêi ®iÓm
Perfect :( Th× t- ed next…./ tomorrow trong t¬ng lai hoÆc tríc 1 hµnh ®éng kh¸c trong t¬ng lai
¬ng lai hoµn S + will/ shall + NOT + have + - By the time/ Before/ - Before 2020, the (build) will have built that factory.
thµnh) V3/ V-ed When + S+ V-htai, …. - When you (come) come next Sunday, he (leave) will have left
Will/ shall + S + have +V3/
V-ed?
12. The Future S + will/ shall + have + been + -By/ Before+moc tgian * DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ kÐo dµI trong t¬ng lai ®Õn khi
Perfect V-ing next…./ tomorrow 1 hµnh ®éng kh¸c trong t¬ng lai xen vµo.
Continuous:( Th× S + will/ shall + NOT +have - By the time/ Before/ - They (play) will have been playing card for 2 hours before I come
t¬ng lai hoµn been + V-ing When + S+ V-htai, …. tomorrow.
thµnh tiÕp diÔn) Will/ shall + S + have been +
V-ing?
*** Mét sè trêng hîp lu ý:
BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW- Nguyen Thi Duyen – Hung Yen High School

Mét sè ®éng tõ kh«ng dïng víi th× tiÕp diÔn nh: be, see, hear, feel, taste, know, understand, like, hate, want, need, love, prefer, remember, forget, realize,
believe, seem, suppose, .........
Eg: They want to go for a walk. - I feel tired now.
 BẢNG ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC

TT Infinitive Past Past participle Nghĩa

1 awake awoke awoke, awaked Tỉnh dậy, đánh thức
2 be was, were been Thì, là, ở, bị được
3 bear bore borne, born Mang, chịu đựng, sinh đẻ
4 beat beat beaten Đánh
5 become became become Thành,trở nên
6 begin began begun Bắt đầu
7 bend bent bent Uốn cong
8 bite bit bit, bitten Cắn
9 bleed bled bled Chảy máu
10 blow blew blown Thổi
11 break broke broken Làm vỡ, bẻ gãy
12 breed bred bred Nuôi nấng, gây giống, sinh sản
13 bring brought brought Mang lại, đem lại
14 build built built Xây dựng
15 burn burnt burnt Đốt cháy
16 burst burst burst Nổ
17 buy bought bought Mua
18 cast cast cast Liệng, ném, quăng
19 catch caught caught Bắt, chụp được
20 choose chose chosen Lựa chọn
21 come came come Đến
22 cost cost cost Trị giá
23 creep crept crept Bò, trườn
24 cut cut cut Cắt
25 dig dug dug Đào
26 do did done Làm
27 draw drew drawn Kéo, vẽ
28 dream dreamt dreamt Mơ, mộng
29 drink drank drunk Uống
30 drive drove driven Đưa, lái xe
31 eat ate eaten  Ăn
32  fall fell  fallen  Ngã, rơi 
33  feed fed  fed  Nuôi cho ăn 
34  feel felt felt  Cảm thấy 
35 fight fought  fought  Đánh , chiến đấu 
36 find found  found  Tìm thấy, được 
37  fly flew flown  Bay 
38 forbid forbade  forbidden   Cấm
39 forget forgot   forgotten  Quên

Nguyễn Thị Duyên – THPT Hưng Yên

40 forgive forgave  forgiven  Tha thứ 
41 freeze froze  frozen Đông lại , đóng băng 
42 get got got, gotten   Được, trở nên 
43 give gave  given  Cho 
44 go went  gone  Đi 
45 grind ground  ground  Xay, nghiền nhỏ 
46 grow  grew grown Lớn lên, mọc 
47 hang hung  hung  Treo 
48 have had had  Có 
49 hear  heard  heard  Nghe 
50 hide  hid  hid, hidden  Ẩn, trốn
51 hit  hit  hit  Đụng chạm 
52 hold  held  hold  Cầm giữ 
53 hurt  hurt  hurt  Làm đau, làm hại 
55 keep  kept  kept  Giữ 
55 kneel  knelt  knelt  Quì gối 
56 knit  knit  knit  Đan 
57 know  knew  known  Biết 
58 lead  led  led  Dẫn dắt, lãnh đạo 
59 lay  laid  laid  Để, đặt, để trứng 
60 lean  leant  leant  Dựa vào 
61 leap  leapt  leapt  Nhảy 
62 learn  learnt  learnt  Học, được tin 
63 leave  left  left  Bỏ lại, rời khỏi 
64 lend  lent  lent  Cho vay 
65 let  let  let  Hãy để, cho phép 
66 lie  lay  lain  Nằm dài ra 
67 light  lit  lit  Đốt, thắp (đèn) 
68 lose  lost  lost  Mất, đánh mất 
69 make  made  made  Làm, chế tạo 
70 mean  meant  meant  Có nghĩ, muốn nói 
71 meet  met  met  Gặp 
72 mistake  mistook  mistaken  Lầm lẫn 
73 mislead  misled  misled  Dẫn lạc đường 
74 pay paid paid Trả tiền
75 put put put Đặt, để
76 read  read read Đọc
77 rend rent rent Xé, làm rách
78 ride rode roden Cỡi (ngụa, xe),đi xe
79 ring rang rung Rung chuông
80 rise rose risen Mọc lên
81 run ran run Chạy
Nguyễn Thị Duyên – THPT Hưng Yên
82 say said said Nói
83 see saw seen Thấy
84 seek sought sought Tìm kiếm
85 sell sold sold Bán
86 send sent sent Gửi, phải đi
87 set set set Để, đặt, lập nên
88 shake shook shaken Lắc, lay, rũ
89 shine  shone  shone  Chiếu sáng 
90 shoot  shot  shot  Bắn, phóng mạnh
91 show showed  shown  Chỉ, trỏ 
92 shrink  shrank  shrunk  Rút lại, co 
93 shut  shut  shut  Đóng lại 
94 sing  sang  sung  Hát 
95 sink  sank  sunk  Đắm, chìm, nhận, chìm 
96 sit  sat  sat  Ngồi 
97 sleep  slept  slept  Ngủ 
98 slide  slid  slid  Lướt, trượt, trơn 
99 smell  smelt  smelt  Ngửi thấy 
100 sow  sowed  sown  Gieo hạt 
101 speak  spoke  spoken  Nói, xướng ngôn 
102 speed  sped  sped  Làm nhanh 
103 spell  spelt spelt  Đánh vần 
104 spend  spent  spent  Tiêu xài 
105 spill  spilt spilt  Đổ vãi 
106 spin  spun  spun  Kéo sợi 
107 split  split split Bổ, xẻ, chẻ, tách 
108 spread  spread  spread  Trải ra, làm tràn 
109 spring  sprang  sprung  Nhảy, nẩng lên 
110 stand  stood  stood  Đứng 
111 steal  stole  stolen  Ăn trộm, cắp 
112 stick  stuck  stuck  Dán, dính 
113 sting  stung  stung  Châm, đốt 
114 strike  struck struck  Đánh, co vào 
115 string  strung  strung  Xỏ dây 
116 strive  strove  striven  Cố gắng, nổ lực 
117 swear  swore  sworn  Thề 
118 sweat  sweat  sweat  Ra mồi hôi 
119 sweep  swept  swept  Quét 
120 swell  swelled  swellen  Phồng lên, sưng 
121 swim  swam  swum  Bơi lội 
122 swing  swung  swung  Đánh đu 
123 take  took  taken  Lấy 
Nguyễn Thị Duyên – THPT Hưng Yên
 124 teach  taught  taught  Dạy 
125 tear  tore  torn  Làm rách, xé 
126 tell  told  told  Nói, kể lại, bảo 
127 think  thought  thought  Nghĩ, tưởng 
128 thrive  throve  thriven  Thịnh vượng 
129 throw  threw  thrown  Ném. liệng, quăng 
130 undergo  underwent  undergone  Chịu đựng 
131 understand  understood  understood  Hiểu 
132 upset  upset  upset  Lật đổ, lộn ngược 
133 wake  woke  woken  Thức tỉnh 
134 wear  wore  worn  Mặc, bận, mang, đeo 
135 weave  wove  woven  Dệt 
136 weep wept wept Khóc
137 win won won Thắng, được
138 wind wound wound Cuộn lại, vặn,quay
139 write wrote written Viết

BẢNG ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUI TẮC THEO NHÓM

Base form Past tense Past participle Meaning
1 Chỉ đổi phụ âm cuối của nguyên mẫu động từ (D--->T)
1 bend bent bent Uốn cong
2 build built built Xây dựng
3 lend lent/ loaned lent/ loaned Cho vay
4 rend rent rent Cho thuê
5 spend spent spent Tiêu, xài
6 send sent sent Gửi, phái đi
7 gild Gilt/ gilded Gilt /gilded Ma vàng
8 gird Girt /girded Girt /girded Bao/ vây quanh
2 ĐỘNG TƯ CÓ HÌNH THỨC GIỐNG NHAU Ở CẢ 3 CỘT
1 bet bet bet Đánh cuộc, cá
2 burst burst burst Nổ
3 cast cast cast Liệng, ném quăng
4 cost cost cost Trị giá
5 cut cut cut Cắt
6 fit fit fit Vừa, hợp
7 hit hit hit Đụng chạm
8 hurt hurt hurt Làm đau, làm hại
9 knit Knit /knitted Knit /knitted Đan, kết nối,hàn gắn
10 let let let Hãy để, cho phép
11 put put put Đặt, để
12 quit quit quit Thoát,từ bỏ
13 set set set Để, đặt, lập nên.thiết lập
14 shit Shit /shitted Shit /shitted Đi ỉa /tiêu
15 shut shut shut Đóng lại
16 split split split Bổ, xẻ, chẻ, tách
17 upset upset upset Lật đổ, lộn ngược
18 bid bid bid Ra lệnh
19 rid rid rid Vứt bỏ
20 shed shed shed Đổ, tràn ra
21 spread spread spread Trải ra, làm tràn

Nguyễn Thị Duyên – THPT Hưng Yên

22 sweat sweat sweat đổ mồ hôi
23 thrust thrust thrust đẩy mạnh
24 wed Wed /wedded Wed/wedded kết hôn
25 wet Wet /wetted Wet /wetted Làm/ thấm ướt
3 ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VÀ PHAN TỪ GIÓNG NHAU(NHÓM 3--->7)
1 creep crept crept Bò
2 deal dealt dealt Giao thiệp, chia bài
3 feel felt felt Cảm thấy
4 keep kept kept Giữ
5 kneel knelt knelt Quỳ gối
6 leap leapt leapt Nhảy
7 leave left left Bỏ lại, rời khỏi
8 mean meant meant Có nghĩa, muốn nói
9 sleep slept slept Ngủ
10 sweep swept swept Quét
11 weep wept wept Khóc
4 Various vowel sounds in base form, but all have /ght/ in the past tense & past participle
1 bring brought brought Mang lại, đem tới
2 buy bought bought Mua
3 catch caught caught Bắt, chụp được
4 fight fought fought Đánh, chiến đấu
5 seek sought sought Tìm kiếm
6 teach taught taught Dạy
7 think thought thought Nghĩ
5 Vowel in base form is long, but is shorted in past tense & past participle
1 bleed bled bled Chảy máu
2 breed bred bred Nuôi nấng
3 feed fed fed Nuôi cho ăn
4 flee fled fled Chạy trốn
5 hear heard heard Nghe
6 lead led led Dẫn dắt, lãnh đạo
7 light lit lit Đốt, thắp sas
8 lose lost lost Mất, đánh mất
9 meet met met Gặp
10 read red red Đọc
11 shoot shot shot Bắn
12 slide slid slid Lướt, trượt, trơn
13 speed sped sped Làm nhanh
6 Base form has /ell/ which changes to /old/ in past tense & past participle
1 sell sold sold Bán
2 tell told told Nói, kể lại, bảo
7 Base form has one vowel. Both past tense & past participle have the same, but different, vowel
1 bind bound bound Buộc, làm dính vào
2 cling clung clung Bám, quyến luyến
3 dig dug dug Đào
4 find found found Tìm thấy
5 fling flung flung Ném
6 grind ground ground Xay, nghiền nhỏ
7 hang hung hung Treo
8 have had had Có
9 hold held held Cầm, giữ
10 make made made Làm, chế tạo
11 pay paid paid Trả tiền
12 say said said Nói
13 sit sat sat Ngồi
14 spin spun spun Kéo sợi

Nguyễn Thị Duyên – THPT Hưng Yên

15 stand stood stood Đứng
16 stick stuck stuck Dán, dính
17 strike struck struck Đánh, co vào
18 swing swung swung Đánh đu
19 sting stung stung Châm, đốt
20 understand understood understood Hiểu
21 win won won Thắng, được
22 wind wound wound Cuộn lại, vặn, quay
23 wring wrung wrung Xoắn, vặn
8 3-part vowel change from /i/ in base form to /a/ in past tense, to /u/ in past participle
1 begin began begun Bắt đầu
2 drink drank drunk Uống
3 ring rang rung Rung chuông
4 shrink shrank shrunk Rút, co lại
5 sing sang sung Hát
6 sink sank sunk Đắm, chìm, nhấn chìm
7 spring sprang sprung Nhảy, nảy lên
8 stink stank stunk Hôi, có mùi hôi
9 swim swam swum Bơi
9 Base form has 1 vowel. Both past tense & past participle have the same, but different vowel.
The participle has an additional /n/ or /en/ ending
1 bear bore born/borne Mang, chịu đựng, sinh đẻ
2 beat beat beaten Đánh
3 bite bit bitten Cắn
4 break broke broken Làm vỡ, bẻ gãy
5 choose chose chosen Chọn, lựa
6 forget forgot forgotten Quên
7 freeze froze frozen Đông lại, đóng băng
8 get got gotten Được, trở nên
9 hide hid hidden ẩn, trốn
10 lay laid laid Để, đặt, đẻ trứng
11 lie lay lain Nằm dài ra
12 speak spoke spoken Nói
13 steal stole stolen Ăn trộm, cắp
14 swear swore sworn Thề
15 tear tore torn Làm rách, xé
16 wake woke woken Thức tỉnh
17 wear wore worn Mặc, mang theo, đeo
18 weave wove woven Dệt
10 Similar simple form & past participle, but participle has final /n/ or /en/. Past tense
has vowel change
1 awake awoke awaken Tỉnh dậy, đánh thức
2 blow blew blown Thổi
3 draw drew drawn Kéo, vẽ
4 eat ate eaten Ăn
5 fall fell fallen Ngã, rơi
6 fly flew flown Bay
7 forbid forbade forbidden Cấm
8 forgive forgave forgiven Tha thứ
9 give gave given Cho
10 grow grew grown Lớn lên, mọc
11 know knew known Biết
12 mistake mistook mistaken Lầm, lẫn
13 see saw seen Xem, thấy, nhìn
14 shake shook shaken Lay, lắc, rũ
15 show showed shown Chỉ, trỏ

Nguyễn Thị Duyên – THPT Hưng Yên

16 take took taken Lấy
17 throw threw thrown Ném, liệng, quăng
18 withdraw withdrew withdrawn Rút
11 Base form has a /i/ past tense has /o/ & the participle has /i/ ending with /en/
1 arise arose arisen Nổi dậy, nổi lên
2 drive drove driven Lái xe
3 ride rode ridden Cưỡi ngựa, đi xe
4 rise rose risen Mọc lên, nâng lên
5 strive strove striven Cố gắng, nỗ lực
6 write wrote written Viết
12 Base form & past participle are the same with a vowel change in the past tense only
1 become became become Thành, trở nên
2 come came come Đến
3 run ran run Chạy
13 Composite forms so follow no discernible pattern
1 be was/were been Thì, là, ở, bị, được
2 do did done Làm
3 go went gone Đi

Nguyễn Thị Duyên – THPT Hưng Yên