Chap 4 : Structure of the Atom www.rava.org.

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CHAPTER 4
File Revision Date : 6 September 2019
NCERT Solutions
CLASS : 9 th
SUB : Science
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Structure of the Atom

1. NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS a-particle scattering experiment is carried out using a

foil of a metal other than gold?
1. What are canal rays? Ans :
Ans : In the a-particle scattering experiment, when any
The rays coming from the side of anode which ever other metal foil is used instead of gold, the observation
positively charged, were discovered by Goldstein. would remain the same. This is because the structure
These rays were called canal rays as they pass through of an atom when considered individually remains
the holes in the perforated cathode. the same. But, the other metal should be malleable
enough to be hammered to extremely thin sheets.
2. If an atom contains one electron and one proton, will
it carry any charge or not? 7. Name the three subatomic particles of an atom.
Ans : Ans :
An electron (negatively charged particle) and a proton An atom consists of three subatomic particles :
(positively charged particle) neutralise each other. Protons which are positively charged.
Electrons which are negatively charged.
3. On the basis of Thomson’s model of an atom, explain Neutrons which are neutral in nature (no charge).
how the atom is neutral as a whole.
Ans : 8. Helium atom has an atomic mass of 4u and two
protons in its nucleus. How many neutrons does it
According to the Thomson’s model, have?
(i) An atom contains a positively charged sphere
Ans :
in which the negatively charged electrons are
inserted. Atomic mass = number of (protons + neutrons)
(ii) Thus, an electron (negatively charged particle) and
4 = 2 + number of neutrons
a proton (positively charged particle) neutralises
each other. Number of neutrons = 4 – 2 = 2
Therefore, helium has 2 neutrons.
4. On the basis of Rutherford’s model of an atom, which
subatomic particle is present in the nucleus of an 9. Write the distribution of electrons in carbon and
atom? sodium atoms.
Ans : Ans :
According to the Rutherford’s model of an atom, the Carbon atom : Atomic number = 6
positively charged protons reside in the nucleus in the Number of protons = 6 = Number of electrons
atom.
Distribution = K " 2 ; L " 4
Sodium atom : Atomic number = 11
5. Draw a sketch of Bohr’s model of an atom with three
shells. Number of protons = 11 = Number of electrons
Ans : Distribution = K " 2; L " 8; M " 1

10. If K and L shells of an atom are full, then what would

be the total number of electrons in the atom?
Ans :
Number of electrons K shell can hold = 2
Number of electrons L shell can hold = 8
Hence, when both the shells are full, the total number
of electrons present = 2 + 8 = 10 electrons.

11. How will, you find the valency of chlorine, sulphur and
magnesium?
6. What do you think would be the observation if the Ans :

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The valency of an element is defined as its combining Name of the

Atomic

of

of

of
K L M N

electron

Valency
neutron
number
Symbol
power with other atoms when it forms chemical

proton
element

No.

No.

No.
compounds or molecules. It is measured by finding
the number of electrons needed to complete the shell Neon Ne 10 10 10 10 2 8 - - 0
in which it is present or the excess electrons present Sodium Na 11 11 12 11 2 8 1 - 1
after the filling is complete.
Magnesium Mg 12 12 12 12 2 8 2 - 2
Chlorine :
Aluminium Al 13 13 14 13 2 8 3 - 3
Atomic number = 17
Silicon Si 14 14 14 14 2 8 4 - 4
Number of protons = Number of electrons = 17
Phosphorus P 15 15 16 15 2 8 5 - 3 ,
Distribution : K " 2; L " 8; M " 7 5
From the above observation, it is noticed that its Sulphur S 16 16 16 16 2 8 6 - 2
valency is 1.
Chlorine Cl 17 17 18 17 2 8 7 - 1
Sulphur :
Argon Ar 18 18 22 18 2 8 8 - 0
Atomic number = 16
Number of protons = Number of electrons = 16 (b)
Distribution : K " 2; L " 8; M " 6 Name of

Atomic

of

of

of
K L M N
From the above observation, it is noticed that its the element

electron

Valency
neutron
number
Symbol

proton
valency is two.

No.

No.

No.
Magnesium :
Aluminium Al 13 13 14 13 2 8 3 - 3
Atomic number = 12 Silicon Si 14 14 14 14 2 8 4 - 4
Number of protons = Number of electrons = 12 Phosphorus P 15 15 16 15 2 8 5 - 3,5
Distribution : K " 2; L " 8; M " 2 Sulphur S 16 16 16 16 2 8 6 - 2
From the above observation, it is noticed that its
Chlorine Cl 17 17 18 17 2 8 7 - 1
valency is two.
Argon Ar 18 18 22 18 2 8 8 - 0
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Ans :
12. If the number of electrons in an atom is 8 and number (a) Oxygen :
of protons is also 8, then : Number of protons = 8
(a) What is the atomic number of the atom?
(b) What is the charge on the atom? Number of neutrons = 8
Ans : Atomic number = 8
Atomic mass number = Number of protons + neutrons
Given : Number of electrons = 8
= 8 + 8 = 16
Number of protons = 8 (b) Sulphur :
(a) Atomic number of the atom = Number of protons
=8 Number of protons = 16
(b) As the number of electrons is equal to the number Number of neutrons = 16
of protons in the atom, their charges neutralise Atomic number = 16
each other. Therefore, the atom does not possess
any charge. Atomic mass number = Number of protons + neutrons
= 16 + 16 = 32
13. With the help of given table, find out the mass number
of oxygen and sulphur atom. 14. For the symbol H, D and T, tabulate three subatomic
Table : Composition of Atoms of the First Eighteen particles found in each of them.
Elements with Electron Distribution in Various Shells. Ans :
(a) (a) H (Protium) _11 Hi
Name of the
Atomic

of

of

of

K L M N
Atomic number = 1
electron

Valency
neutron
number
Symbol

proton

element
Mass number = 1
No.

No.

No.

Hydrogen H 1 1 - 1 1 - - - 1 Number of proton = 1

Helium He 2 2 2 2 2 - - - 0 Number of electron = 1
Lithium Li 3 3 4 3 2 1 - - 1 Number of neutron = Nil
Beryllium Be 4 4 5 4 2 2 - - 2 (b) D (Deuterium) _12 Hi
Boron B 5 5 6 5 2 3 - - 3 Atomic number = 1
Carbon C 6 6 6 6 2 4 - - 4
Mass number = 2
Nitrogen N 7 7 7 7 2 5 - - 3
Number of proton = 1
Oxygen 0 8 8 8 8 2 6 - - 2
Number of electron = 1
Fluorine F 9 9 10 9 2 7 - - 1
Number of neutron = 1

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Chap 4 : Structure of the Atom www.rava.org.in

(c) T (Tritium) _13 Hi 3. The model was not able to explain the scattering
Atomic number = 1 of light in experiment also.
Mass number = 3
3. What are the limitations of Rutherford’s model of the
Number of proton = 1 atom?
Number of electron = 1 Ans :
Number of neutron = 2 In the model of the atom, Rutherford states that the
electrons revolve around the nucleus of an atom in the
Add 89056 29969 in Your Class Whatsapp Group to Get All PDF Files. same way the Earth revolves around the Sun.

15. Write the electronic configuration of any one pair of But, whenever this situation prevails, the
isotopes and isobars. revolving particle gains acceleration and radiates its
energy outwards. With continuous radiation of energy,
Ans : the electron would lose its energy and fall into the
(a) Isotopes : Isotopes are the atoms of same element nucleus which when happens makes the atom highly
which have same number of protons but different unstable. But on the contrary, we find the atom as a
number of neutrons. Example : Carbon molecule highly stable particle which disproves the assumption.
which have 126 C and 6 C .
14

(b) Isobars : Isobars are the atoms of different 4. Describe Bohr’s model of the atom.
elements which have same mass number but Ans :
different atomic number. Example : 20 40
Ca and
40
Ar . 1. The nucleus of an atom is present in the centre.
18
2. Around this nucleus, the negatively charged
electrons revolve.
2. NCERT EXERCISE QUESTIONS 3. Discrete orbits of electrons are present inside the
atom.
1. Compare the properties of electrons, protons and 4. While in this orbits, the electrons do not radiate
neutrons. energy.
5. These discrete orbits are represented as K, L, M,
Ans : N ..... orbits or denoted with the numbers n = 1,
2, 3, 4 .....
Electrons Protons Neutrons
They are They are They have no 5. Compare all the proposed models of an atom given in
negatively positively charge. this chapter.
charged charged.
Ans :
particle.
They are They are They are T h o m s o n ’ s R u t h e r f o r d ’ s Bohr’s Model
present in outer present within present inside Model Model
shells within an the nucleus. the nucleus of 1. An atom is An atom At atom consists
atom. an atom. a sphere of consists of a of positively
uniform positive heavy, rigid charged nucleus
The mass of The mass of a The mass of charge in which and positively at its centre.
an electron proton is taken a neutron is electrons are charged part
1
is about 2000 as one unit taken as one embedded. at the centre of
times the mass and equals to unit and equals the atom. It is
of an hydrogen neutron. to that of called nucleus.
atom. proton. 2. The total The total Out of the
Attracted Attracted Do not get positive charge positive charge several possible
towards towards attracted to in the sphere and almost the orbits, electrons
is equally entire mass of move only in
positive negative any charged
balanced by the atom is certain discrete,
charged. charged. particle. sufficient concentrated in circular orbits
An electron is A proton is A neutron is number of the nucleus. called stationary
represented as represented as represented as e l e c t r o n s states or energy
‘e–’. ‘p+’. ‘n’. embedded in it. levels or shells.
3. The mass Electrons While moving in
2. What are the limitations of J.J. Thomson’s model of and charge move around an allowed orbit,
the atom? are uniformly the nucleus in an electron
distributed. circular orbits. is associated
Ans : with a definite
1. The model of an atom proposed by J.J. Thomson amount of
states that negatively charged electrons are energy.
embedded in a positive sphere.
2. But he did not give any experimental evidence in
his support.

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4. – The total Electron is not 8. Explain with examples :

positive charge allowed to emit (a) Atomic number
on the nucleus out energy so (b) Mass number
is due to the long as it is (c) Isotopes
presence of moving in the (d) Isobars
protons. It is allowed orbit. Give any two uses of isotopes.
balanced by
equal number of
Ans :
electrons. (a) Atomic number of an atom is defined as the
5. Limitations : It Limitations : Energy is number of positively charged protons present in
failed to explain Rutherford’s radiated out the nucleus. Example : Hydrogen has one proton
the observations model failed when an in its nucleus; so, its atomic number is one.
of Rutherford’s to explain the electron jumps (b) Mass number of an atom is defined as the total
scattering stability of the from higher number of protons and neutrons. This takes
experiment. atom. orbit to lower into account the elements that contribute to the
orbit but energy atomic mass of the atom. The mass of electrons
is absorbed
are negligible as compared to the protons and
when the
electron jumps neutrons of the corresponding element.
from lower orbit (c) Isotopes : Isotopes are atoms which have the same
to higher orbit. number of protons but the number of neutrons
Advantage : differs or that have same atomic number but
Bohr’s theory different mass number.
successfully Example : The most simple example is the element
explains the carbon which exists as 12 6 C and 6 C .
14
stability of (d) Isobars : Isobars are atoms which have the same
atom.
mass number but differ in the atomic number.
Examples are : 2400 Ca and 1840
Ar .
6. Summarise the rules for writing of distribution Uses of isotopes :
of electrons in various shells for the first eighteen 1. The isotopes of iodine atom is used to treat goitre.
elements. 2. Uranium isotopes is used as fuel for nuclear
Ans : reactors.
1. The maximum number of electrons that can be Add 89056 29969 in Your Class Whatsapp Group to Get All PDF Files.
accommodated in a shell is given by the formula :
2n2, where n = 1, 2, 3...
9. Na+ has completely filled K and L shells. Explain.
2. Maximum number of electrons in different shells
are : Ans :
K shell – n = 1; 2n2 = 2(1)2 = 2 A sodium atom has 11 electrons in its orbits, hence
L shell – n = 2; 2n2 = 2(2)2 = 8 its atomic number is also 11 and has the same
M shell – n = 3; 2n2 = 2(3)2 = 18 number of protons and electrons. Thus, its electronic
N shell – n = 4; 2n2 = 2(4)2 = 32 configuration is K-2; L-8; M-1; The one electron in the
3. Given number of electrons is 18. M shell is lost and it obtains a positive charge since it
4. The electrons are not taken unless the inner shells has one more proton than the electrons, and obtains
are filled. a positive charge, Na+. Now, the configuration is K-1;
5. Hence, the highest element has K – 2; L – 8; L-8 and it is a filled state. Hence, it is very stable so
M – 8. it is difficult to remove the electron from a filled state.

7. Define valency by taking examples of silicon and 10. If bromine atom is available in the form of say, two
oxygen. isotopes 35Br79 (49.7%) and 35Br81 (50.3%). Calculate
Ans : the average atomic mass of bromine atom.
The valency of an element is defined as the number Ans :
of electrons lost or gained by an atom to complete The atomic masses of two isotopic atoms are 79
its outermost shell. It can also be defined as the (49.7%) and 81 (50.3%).
combining capacity of an element.
For example : Silicon and oxygen. Thus, total mass = b79 # 49.7 l + c 81 # 50.3 m
100 100
Oxygen Silicon = 39.263 + 40.743 = 80.006u
Atomic number : 8 Atomic Number : 14
11. The average atomic mass of a sample of an element X
Electronic configuration Electronic configuration is 16.2u. What are the percentages of isotopes 16
8 X and
: K – 2; L – 6. : K – 2; L – 8; M – 4.
8 X in the sample?
18

Valence electrons : 6 Valence electrons : 4 Ans :

Valency : 8 – 6 = 2 Valency : 8 – 4 = 4 Let the percentage of 16
8 X be ‘p’ and than of 18
8 X be
‘100-p’.

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Chap 4 : Structure of the Atom www.rava.org.in

p ^100 - p h 16. Isotopes of an element have :

16.2 = 16 # + 18 #
100 100 (a) The same physical properties
16p 1800 18p (b) Different number of neutrons
= + = (c) Different number of protons
100 100 100
(d) Different atomic number
1620 = – 2p – 1800 Ans : (b) Different number of neutrons
p = 90
On solving the equation, we obtain ‘p’ to be 90.
17. Number of valence electrons in Cl– ion are :
Therefore, 16
8 X = 90% (a) 16 (b) 8
And, 18
X = 10% (c) 17 (d) 18
8
Ans : (b) 8
12. If Z = 3, what would be the valency of the element?
Also, name the element.
18. Which one of the following is a correct electronic
Ans : configuration of sodium?
Z = atomic number = 3 (given) (a) 2, 8 (b) 8, 2, 1
Electronic configuration = K-2; L-1 (c) 2, 1, 8 (d) 2, 8, 1
Thus, valency = 1
Ans : (d) 2, 8, 1
The element with atomic number 3 is lithium.
Download All PDF files from www.rava.org.in. 19. Complete the following table :

13. Composition of the nuclei of two atomic species X and

Number of

Number of

Number of

the atomic
electrons
neutrons

Name of
Y are given as under X-Y.

element
number

number

protons
Protons = 6-6 Atomic

Mass
Neutrons = 6-8
Give the mass number of X and Y. What is the
relation between the two species? 9 - 10 - - -
Ans : 16 32 - - - Sulphur
Mass number of X : 6 + 6 = 12 - 24 - 12 - -
Mass number of Y : 6 + 8 = 14 - 2 - 1 - -
Since, the atomic numbers of both the species are the
same, they are the same element. Also since they have - 1 0 1 0 -
different number of neutrons, their mass number is Ans : :
different and they are the isotopes.
Number of

Number of

Number of

the atomic
14. For the following statements, write T for true and F electrons
neutrons

Name of

element
number

number

protons
Atomic

for false.
Mass

(a) J.J. Thomson proposed that the nucleus of an

atom contains only nucleons.
(b) A neutron is formed by an electron and a proton 9 19 10 9 9 Fluorine
combining together. Therefore, it is neutral.
1
(c) The mass of an electron is about 2000 times that of 16 32 16 16 16 Sulphur
proton. 12 24 12 12 12 Magnesium
(d) An isotope of iodine is used for making tincture
1 2 1 1 1 Hydrogen
iodine, which is used as a medicine.
Deuterium
Ans :
1 1 0 1 0 Hydrogen
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False 3. NCERT EXEMPLAR

DIRECTION : Put tick against correct choice and cross

against wrong choice in questions 15, 16, 17 and 18. Objective Type Questions

15. Rutherford’s a-particle scattering experiment was 1. Which of the following correctly represent the
responsible for the discovery of : electronic distribution in the Mg atom?
(a) Atomic nucleus (b) Proton (a) 3, 8, 1 (b) 2, 8, 2
(c) Electron (d) neutron (c) 1, 8, 3 (d) 8, 2, 2

Ans : (a) Atomic nucleus Ans : (b) 2, 8, 2

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2. Rutherford’s ‘alpha (a ) particles scattering (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
experiment’ resulted in to discovery of : Ans : (a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(a) Electron (b) Proton
(c) Nucleus in the atom (d) Atomic mass
8. Rutherford’s a -particle scattering experiment showed
Ans : (c) Nucleus in the atom that :
(i) Electrons have negative charge.
3. The number of electrons in an element X is 15 and the (ii) The mass and positive charge of the atom is
number of neutrons is 16. Which of the following is concentrated in the nucleus.
the correct representation of the element? (iii) Neutron exists in the nucleus.
(a) 15X31 (b) 16X31 (iv) Most of the space in atom is empty.
(c) 15X16 (d) 16X15 Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
Ans : (a) 15X31
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)
Ans : (b) (ii) and (iv)
4. Dalton’s atomic theory successfully explained :
(i) Law of conservation of mass
(ii) Law of constant composition 9. The ion of an element has 3 positive charges. Mass
(iii) Law of radioactivity number of the atom is 27 and the number of neutrons
(iv) Law of multiple proportions is 14. What is the number of electrons in the ion?
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv) (a) 13 (b) 10
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv) (c) 14 (d) 16
Ans : (d) (i), (ii) and (iv) Ans : (b) 10

Download All PDF files from www.rava.org.in. 10. Identify the Mg2+ ion from the fig. where, n and
p represent the number of neutrons and protons
5. Which of the following statements about Rutherford’s respectively :
model of atom are correct?
(i) considered the nucleus as positively charged
(ii) established that the a-particles are four times
heavy as a hydrogen atom
(iii) can be compared to solar system (a) (b)
(iv) was in agreement with Thomson’s model
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) Only (i)
Ans : (a) (i) and (iii)

6. Which of the following are true for an element? (c) (d)

(i) Atomic number = number of protons + number
of electrons
(ii) Mass number = number of protons + number of
neutrons
(iii) Atomic mass = number of protons = number of
neutrons
(iv) Atomic number = number of protons = number Ans : (d)
of electrons
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii)
(c) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
Ans : (d) (ii) and (iv) 11. In a sample of ethyl ethanoate (CH3COOC2H5), the
two oxygen atoms have the same number of electrons
7. In the Thomson’s model of atom, which of the but different number of neutrons. Which of the
following statements are correct? following is the correct reason for it?
(i) The mass of the atom is assumed to be uniformly (a) One of the oxygen atoms has gained electrons.
distributed over the atom. (b) One of the oxygen atoms has gained two neutrons.
(ii) The positive charge is assumed to be uniformly (c) The two oxygen atoms are isotopes.
distributed over the atom. (d) The two oxygen atoms are isobars.
(iii) The electrons are uniformly distributed in the Ans : (c) The two oxygen atoms are isotopes.
positively charged sphere.
(iv) The electrons attract each other to stabilise the
12. Elements with valency 1 are :
atom.
(a) Always metals
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iii)
(b) Always metalloids
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(c) Either metals or non-metals model, (ii) Thomson’s atomic model, (iii) Bohr’s
(d) Always non-metals Ans. atomic model.
Ans : (c) Either metals or non-metals (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (ii), (iii) and (i)
(c) (ii), (i) and (iii) (d) (iii), (ii) and (i)
13. The first model of an atom was given by : Ans : (c) (ii), (i) and (iii)
(a) N. Bohr (b) E. Goldstein
(c) Rutherford (d) J.J. Thomson
Ans : (d) J.J. Thomson Short Answer Questions

19. Is it possible for the atom of an element to have one

14. An atom with 3 protons and 4 neutrons will have a electron, one proton and no neutron? If so, name the
valency of : element.
(a) 3 (b) 7
Ans :
(c) 1 (d) 4
1 proton means atomic no. (Z) = 1
Ans : (c) 1 1 neutron means mass no. (A) = p + n = 1 + 1 = 2
1 electron and 1 proton mean that atom is electrically
Add 89056 29969 in Your Class Whatsapp Group to Get All PDF Files. neutral.
Hence, the element is 11 H (An isotop of Hydrogen-
15. The electron distribution in an aluminium atom is : Deuterium)
(a) 2, 8, 3 (b) 2, 8, 2
(c) 8, 2, 3 (d) 2, 3, 8 20. Write any two observations which support the fact
Ans : (a) 2, 8, 3 that atoms are divisible.
Ans :
16. Which of the following fig. do not represent Bohr’s Atoms are made up of electrons, protons and neutrons.
model of an atom correctly? Atoms can undergo nuclear fission, i.e. atoms can be
split into smaller atoms by hitting nuclei of heavy
atoms with subatomic particles.

21. Will 35Cl and Cl have different valencies? Justify

37
your answer.
Ans :
No, 35Cl and 37Cl both atoms have same valency
because these isotopes have same atomic number :
17. So, their electronic configuration is same : 2, 8, 7.
Hence, both atoms have valency 1.

22. Why did Rutherford select a gold foil in his a-ray

scattering experiment?
Ans :
Rutherford selected a gold foil in his a -ray scattering
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) experiment because gold is a heavy metal with high
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv) atomic number and it is highly malleable too. While
Ans : (c) (ii) and (iv) any light metal cannot be used as by hitting through
alpha particles, the atom of light metal will be pushed
forward and scattering would not be occur.
17. Which of the following statement is always correct?
(a) An atom has equal number of electrons and 23. Find out the valency of the atoms represented by the
protons. fig. (a) and (b).
(b) An atom has equal number of electrons and
neutrons.
(c) An atom has equal number of protons and
neutrons.
(d) An atom has equal number of electrons, protons
and neutrons.
Ans : (a) An atom has equal number of electrons and
protons.
Ans :
18. Atomic models have been improved over the years.
(a) 0, (b) –1
Arrange the following atomic models in the order of
their chronological order : (i) Rutherford’s atomic

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24. One electron is present in the outermost shell of the nucleus of an element X which is represented as 31
15 X.
atom of an element X. What would be the nature and Ans :
value of charge on the ion formed if this electron is
removed from the outermost shell? Atomic number = 15
Ans : Mass number = 31
+1. Number of electron = A – Z = 31 – 15 = 16

25. Write down the electron distribution of chlorine atom. 30. Match the names of the scientists given in column A
How many electrons are there in the L shell? (Atomic with their contributions towards the understanding of
number of chlorine is 17.) the atomic structure as given in column B :
Ans :
Column A Column B
17
Cl = K L M Thus, L shell has 8 electrons.
(a) Ernest Rutherford (i) Indivisibility of
2 8 7 atoms
(b) J.J. Thomson (ii) Stationary orbits
26. In the atom of an element X, 6 electrons are
present in the outermost shell. If it acquires noble (c) Dalton (iii) Concept of nucleus
gas configuration by accepting requisite number of (d) Neils Bohr (iv) Discovery of
electrons, then what would be the charge on the ion electrons
so formed?
(e) James Chadwick (v) Atomic number
Ans :
(f) E. Goldstein (vi) Neutron
Charge of an ion = –2, because atom will gain 2
electrons to get noble gas configuration. (g) Mosley (vii) Canal rays

Download All PDF files from www.rava.org.in. Ans :

27. What information do you get from the fig. about the (a) Ernest Rutherford Concept of nucleus
atomic number, mass number and valency of atoms X, (b) J.J. Thomson Discovery of electrons
Y and Z? Give your answer in a tabular form.
(c) Dalton Indivisibility of atoms
(d) Neils Bohr Stationary orbits
(e) James Chadwick Neutron
(f) E. Goldstein Canal rays
(g) Mosley Atomic number

31. The atomic number of calcium and argon are 20 and

Ans :
18 respectively, but the mass number of both these
elements is 40. What is the name given to such a pair
Atomic Mass number Valency of elements?
number
Ans :
X 5 11 3
Atoms of different elements having different atomic
Y 8 18 2 numbers but same mass number are called isobars.
Z 15 31 3, 5
32. Complete the table on the basis of information
available in the symbols given below :
28. In response to a question, a student stated that in (a) 17Cl35 (b) 6C12 Br85
35
an atom, the number of protons is greater than the
Ans :
number of neutrons, which in turn is greater than the
number of electrons. Do you agree with the statement?
Justify your answer. Elements No. of protons No. of neutrons
Ans : 17
Cl35
17 35 – 17 = 18
This statement is not right. As number of electron = 6
C12 6 12 – 6 = 6
number of proton in neutral atom. Number of neutron Br85 35 81 – 35 = 46
35
can be greater than the number of electron. Number
of neutron can be equal to or greater than the number
of protons because mass number is equal to double the 33. Helium atom has 2 electrons in its valence shell but its
atomic number. valency is not 2. Explain.
Ans :
29. Calculate the number of neutrons present in the Helium atom has only two atoms in K-shell. K-shell is

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Chap 4 : Structure of the Atom www.rava.org.in

already complete. It can neither lose nor gain electron. from that of Thomson’s atomic model?
So, its valency is zero. Ans :
According to the Thomson’s atomic model, charge
34. Fill in the blanks in the following statements :
and mass are uniformly distributed all over the atom,
(a) Rutherford’s a -particle scattering experiment led
whereas in Rutherford’s model of atom, the positive
to the discovery of the _____.
charge and mass of the atom are concentrated in the
(b) Isotopes have same _____ but different
small nucleus in the centre of atom and negatively
_____.
charged electron are distributed around the nucleus.
(c) Neon and chlorine have atomic numbers 10 and 17
respectively. Their valencies will be _____ and
39. What were the drawbacks of Rutherford’s model of
_____ respectively.
an atom?
(d) The electronic configuration of silicon is _____
and that of sulphur is _____. Ans :
Ans : The orbital revolution of the electron is not expected
to be stable. Any particle in a circular orbit would
(a) nucleus
undergo acceleration and the charged particles would
(b) same atomic numbers, mass numbers
radiate energy. Thus, the revolving electron would lose
(c) 0 and –1
energy and finally fall into the nucleus. If this were so,
(d) Si = 2,8,4 and S = 2,8,6
the atom should be highly unstable and hence matter
would not exist in the form that we know.
35. An element X has a mass number 4 and atomic
number 2. Write the valency of this element? Download All PDF files from www.rava.org.in.
Ans :
40. What are the postulates of Bohr’s model of an atom?
Atomic number = 2,
Ans :
So number of electrons = 2
1. An atom consists of heavy positively charged
Electron has only K-shell containing 2 electrons.
nucleus.
Hence, its valency = 0. Thus, element X is 24 He (noble
2. The electrons in an atom revolve around the
gas).
nucleus in definite circular paths called orbits or
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3. Each energy level is associated with definite
amount of energy and change in energy takes
Long Answer Questions place when electron jumps from one energy level
to another energy level.
36. Why do helium, neon and argon have a zero valency?
Ans : 41. Show diagrammatically the electron distributions in
a sodium atom and a sodium ion and also give their
Helium, neon and argon have completely filled atomic number.
outermost shells. Thus, they have stable electronic
Ans :
configuration. They neither lose electrons nor gain
electrons. Thus, their valency is zero.

37. Enlist the conclusions drawn by Rutherford from his

a-ray scattering experiment.
Ans :
Rutherford concluded from the a-particle scattering
experiment that :
(i) Most of the space inside the atom is empty
because most of the a-particles passed through
the gold foil without getting deflected. Since, the atomic number of sodium atom is 11, it has
(ii) Very few particles were deflected from their path, 11 electrons. A positively charged sodium ion (Na+) is
indicating that the positive charge of the atom formed by the removal of one electron from a sodium
occupies very little space. atom. So, a sodium ion has 11 – 1 = 10 electrons in
(iii) A very small fraction of a-particles were deflected, it. Thus, electronic distribution of sodium ion will be
indicating that all the positive charges and mass 2, 8. The atomic number of an element is equal to the
of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small number of protons in its atom. Since, sodium atom
volume within the atom. and sodium ion contain the same number of protons,
From the data he also calculated that the radius therefore, the atomic number of both is 11.
of the nucleus is about 105 times less than the WWW.CBSE.ONLINE
radius of the atom.

38. In what way is the Rutherford’s atomic model different

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