International Islamic University Islamabad: Communication Systems Lab
International Islamic University Islamabad: Communication Systems Lab
International Islamic University Islamabad: Communication Systems Lab
Experiment No. 6:
Equipment /Tools:
1. Communication Trainer CT-3000,
2. FM module, FM Carrier Sync. Module, PLL/FM Demodulator module,
LPF module Function generator,
3. Dual channel scope,
4. Multimeter
Theory
There are several circuits that can be used to demodulate FM. Each type has its own advantages
and disadvantages, some being used when receivers used discrete components, and others now
that ICs are widely used.
• Slope FM detector
• Foster-Seeley FM detector:
• PLL, Phase locked loop FM demodulator:
• Quadrature FM demodulator:
• Coincidence FM demodulator:
PLL FM Demodulator
Because of their low and superior performance, especially when the SNR is low, FM demodulation
by using PLL is most widely used method today.
FM input Demodulated output
Phase Low Amplifier
Detector Pass Filter
VCO
Procedure
• Disconnect the above circuit. Insert FM and PLL modules in socket # 4 and 5, respectively.
Connect J2 of FMM to J1 of PLLM. Set AF signal frequency to 1 KHz.
• PLL module demodulates frequency modulated signal. Connect CH2 of scope to J2 of PLLM.
Increase AF signal and verify CH2 displays demodulated AF signal, however, demodulated AF
signal is not clean. Draw demodulated AF signal and explain the reason for not being clean.
• Insert LPF Module in port #6 and connect FM demodulated output to LPF module to
remove carrier components from demodulated output. Clean AF signal will be seen at output of
the LPF module.
• Now insert FMM in port # 2 and connect function generator sine output to its J1 terminal.
Keep J2 of FMM connected with J1 of PLLM. Set frequency of sine output signal to 1 KHz and
increase level till you see distortion free demodulated output waveform.
• Now increase the frequency of the modulating sine signal and see its effect on the
amplitude of the demodulated signal. The amplitude of demodulated signal will stay constant first
and then it decays. Measure the frequency of sine signal where the amplitude of demodulated
signal becomes 0.707 of the mid band values and record the results below:
Fu (-3 dB) = __________________________________________
This is the bandwidth of the signal which can be transmitted over this FM link.