System Dynamics and Control

Introduction

Unggul Wasiwitono

Mechanical Engineering Department

Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering
 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Introduction

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Learning Objectives

The student will be able to:

1 Define a control system and describe some applications
2 Describe historical developments leading to modern-day control theory
3 Describe the basic features and configurations of control systems
4 Describe control systems analysis and design objectives Describe a control system’s design
process
5 Describe the benefit of studying control systems

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Control System Definition

A control system consists of subsystems and processes (or plants) assembled for the
purpose of obtaining a desired output with desired performance, given a specified
input.

Input; stimulus Output; response

Control system
Desired response Actual response

Two major measures of performance are apparent:

1 the transient response
2 the steady-state error.

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Control System Definition

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Advantages of Control Systems

We build control systems for four primary reasons:

1 Power amplificationn
2 Remote control
3 Convenience of input form
4 Compensation for disturbance

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

A History of Control Systems

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

History of Control Systems

Feedback control has a long history which began with the early desire of humans to
harness the materials and forces of nature to their advantage.

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

History of Control Systems

Feedback control has a long history which began with the early desire of humans to
harness the materials and forces of nature to their advantage.
1 Liquid-Level Control
1 The Greeks began engineering feedback systems around 300 B.C.
2 Steam Pressure and Temperature Controls
1 Regulation of steam pressure began around 1681 with Denis Papin’s invention of the safety valve.
3 Speed Control
1 In 1745, speed control was applied to a windmill by Edmund Lee.
2 James Watt invented the flyball speed governor to control the speed of steam engines.
4 Stability, Stabilization, and Steering
1 In 1868, James Clerk Maxwell published the stability criterion for a third-order system based on the
coefficients of the differential equation.
2 In 1874, Edward John Routh extend the stability criterion to fifth-order systems.
5 Twentieth-Century Developments

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Motivation for Control Engineering

1 By the end of the twentieth century, control has become a ubiquitous (but largely unseen)
element of modern society.

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Motivation for Control Engineering

1 By the end of the twentieth century, control has become a ubiquitous (but largely unseen)
element of modern society.
2 Virtually every system we come in contact with is underpinned by sophisticated control
systems. Examples range from
1 simple household products (temperature regulation in air-conditioners, thermostats in hot water
heaters etc.)
2 to more sophisticated systems such as the family car (which has hundreds of control loops)
3 to large scale systems (such as chemical plants, aircraft, and manufacturing processes).

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Motivation for Control Engineering

1 By the end of the twentieth century, control has become a ubiquitous (but largely unseen)
element of modern society.
2 Virtually every system we come in contact with is underpinned by sophisticated control
systems. Examples range from
1 simple household products (temperature regulation in air-conditioners, thermostats in hot water
heaters etc.)
2 to more sophisticated systems such as the family car (which has hundreds of control loops)
3 to large scale systems (such as chemical plants, aircraft, and manufacturing processes).
3 Beyond these industrial examples, feedback regulatory mechanisms are central to the
operation of biological systems, communication networks, national economies, and even
human interactions.

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Motivation for Control Engineering

Market Globalization Issues

To stay in business, manufacturing industries are necessarily placing increasing emphasis on
issues of quality and efficiency.
This focuses attention on the development of improved control systems so that processes
operate in the best possible way.
Improved control is a key enabling technology underpinning:
enhanced product quality
waste minimization
environmental protection
greater throughput for a given installed capacity
deferring costly plant upgrades, and
higher safety margins.
Link

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

System Configurations

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

System Configurations
Two major configurations of control systems: open loop and closed loop

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

System Configurations

Open-Loop Systems
1 it cannot compensate for any disturbances
2 simpler and less expensive than closed-loop systems.

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

System Configurations

Open-Loop Systems
1 it cannot compensate for any disturbances
2 simpler and less expensive than closed-loop systems.

Closed-Loop Systems
1 compensates for disturbances
2 less sensitive to noise, disturbances, and changes in the environment.
3 more complex and expensive than open-loop systems.

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Example

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Analysis and Design Objectives

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Analysis and Design Objectives

To achieve goo control there are typical goals:

1 Stability: The system must be stable at all times. This is an absolute requirement.
2 Tracking: The system output must track the command reference signal as closely as possible
1 Transient response
2 Steady-State response
3 Disturbance rejection: The system ouput must be as insensitive as possible to disturbance
inputs.
4 Robustness: The aforementioned goals must be met even if the model used in the design is
not completely accurate or if the dynamics of the physical system change over time.

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

The Design Process

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

The Design Process

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Computer-Aided Design

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

The Matlab Environment

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 Introduction A History of Control Systems System Configurations Analysis and Design Objectives The Design Process Computer-Aided Design

Getting Started with MATLAB and Simulink

Getting Started with MATLAB Link

Getting Started with Simulink Link

How to install MATLAB Academic version Link

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Question ?