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Group No. (4) Exp. No. (11) Date:-17/12/2008 Exp Name: - Chemical Kinetics

The document describes an experiment to determine the rate law for the reaction of iodide (I-) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of an acid. The rate of the reaction was measured by monitoring the production of triiodide (I3-) over time using a starch indicator. The concentration of I- was varied to determine the rate constant x, and the concentration of H2O2 was varied to determine the rate constant y. A run was also performed at a lower temperature to calculate the activation energy and Arrhenius constant. The results found x and y to be 1, indicating the rate law is Rate = K[I-][H2O2].

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63 views

Group No. (4) Exp. No. (11) Date:-17/12/2008 Exp Name: - Chemical Kinetics

The document describes an experiment to determine the rate law for the reaction of iodide (I-) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of an acid. The rate of the reaction was measured by monitoring the production of triiodide (I3-) over time using a starch indicator. The concentration of I- was varied to determine the rate constant x, and the concentration of H2O2 was varied to determine the rate constant y. A run was also performed at a lower temperature to calculate the activation energy and Arrhenius constant. The results found x and y to be 1, indicating the rate law is Rate = K[I-][H2O2].

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Group No. ( 4 ) Exp. No.

(11) Date :- 17/12/2008

Exp name:- Chemical Kinetics

-:Introduction
One of the noteworthy characteristics of reactions is that they occur
at widely different speeds. Chemists all over the world are interested in
studying the factors that affect the rate or speed of chemical reactions,
:which are summarized in the following main points
.Nature of reactants .1
.Concentration of reactants .2
.Temperature .3
.The presence of rate accelerating agents that are called catalysts .4

Practically, the speed of a certain chemical reaction can be determined by


measuring the time needed for reaction fixed amount of reactants to
.disappear or products to appear
In today's experiment the rate of the following reaction will be
:determined
3I-(aq) + H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) → I2(s) + 2H2(1) (1)
:The rate of reaction (1) is given by the following equation
Rate = K[I-]+ [H2O2]y[H+]z
It is your task to deter mine the values of K, X, and y in this experiment.
However, you will measure the rate of this reaction through varying the
concentration of I- and H2O2 while keeping the concentration of H+
.constant by using a buffer solution (z = zero)
In the presence of an excess amount of I-, the following reaction will
:take place in the reaction mixture
I2(s) + I-(aq) → I3-(aq)
Since I3- has a distinctive brown color, the rate of this reaction can
.-be determined by measuring the time needed for the appearance of the I3
However, since this procedure is limited, a more convenient way makes
:use of the following redox reaction
2S2O32-(aq) + I3-(aq) → 3I(aq) + S4O62(aq) (2)
Brown colorless
So, upon the addition of small measured volumes of S2O32-, the
solution will be kept colorless until all the moles of S2O32- are consumed.
With the aid of starch as an indicator, any traces of I2 produced will turn
the solution color into dark blue (figure 11.1). The rate of reaction (1) can
:now be calculated from the following equations
Rate = ( [I2]/time) = 1/2 [S2O32-]/time
:Materials and equipment
Graduated cylinder (10.0,100.0 mL)
Erlenmeyer flasks (250 mL) ; starch (0.4%)
Beaker (50 mL) ; Na2S2O3 (0.02M)
Thermometer ; Acetate buffer pH 4.7
H2O2 (0.4M) ; Potassium iodide solution (0.3M)
Ice
:Procedure
a. The runs that you are going to perform are shown in the table. You will
determine the value of x by varying the concentration of [I-] while
keeping [H2O2] constant. Then, while keeping [I-] constant and varying
.[H2O2], the value of y is going to determined
b. Start by preparing for run (5), add all reagents as indicated in an
Erlenmeyer flask except for H2O2 and cool the flask with its contents in
ice. Pipette the indicated amount of H2O2 into a dry clean test tube and
.cool the test tube also in ice
:Each run will be done as follows
Into an empty clean 250 mL flask add approximately 5.0 mL of buffer .1
.solution and 2.0 mL of starch solution
Add exactly 5.0 mL of 0.02M Na2S2O3 solution, then using suitable .2
glassware (Pipette or burette) add the indicated amount of o.3oM KI
.solution
Add water to make up the indicated volume of solution of mix the .3
.solution produced thoroughly
In a clean dry test tube add the indicated a mount of 0.4M H2O2 .4
.solution
With your eyes on your watch, empty the contents of the test tube into .5
the flask, swirl the flask rapidly and measure the time needed for the
.solution to become blue
.Record the time needed for each run in the table .6

:Analysis of data
During the experimental procedure, a fixed amount of Na2S2O3
solution is introduced into the reaction mixture and is responsible for the
consumption of I3- produced from the reaction under investigation. Refer
to equation (1) and equation (2) in the introduction. Since the rate of the
:reaction is given by the following mathematical equation
Rate = k[I-]x [H2O2]y [H+]z
Rate = ( [I2]/time) = 1/2 [S2O32-]/time
Then by using the appropriate trials, you can evaluate the exponents
.in the mathematical equations
Run number (5) is performed at a different temperature in order to
evaluate the rate constant k at a different temperature. This is basically
done in order to calculate the activation energy (Ea) and the Arrhenius
:constant (A) using the following mathematical equations
1n ( k2/k1) = -Ea/R (1/T2 – 1/T1) ; where T2 > T1
-Ea/RT
K=Ae

Rf = Kl [KIf] [H2O2]y
n=X*Y
R = K [Kf]1[H2O2]1

Run kIF H2O2f t(sec) Teimp(K0) S2O3f Rate R


constant K
1 0.03 0.02 220 293 0.001 10-2*0.366 10-6*2.2
2 0.015 0.02 406 293 0.001 10-3*4 10-6*1.2
3 0.015 0.04 220 293 0.001 10-2*0.366 10-6*2.2
*
5 0.03 0.02 877 279 0.001 10-2*0.166 10-9*1

-: For example

R1/R2 = K1[K1]x[H2Oc]y/K[K1]x[H2Oc]y = t2/tc


R1= 0.5*0.001/220[0.02/0.04]y= 220/400
y
= (0.5)1 y=1)0.5( 10-4/220*5 =

R1/R2= [0.03/0.015]x= 406/220


x
=[2]1)2( 10-4*0.022
R1= 2.2*10-6
x=1
R1= K1[K1]1[H2Oc]1= 2.2*10-6= K(0.03)(0.02) K= 2.2*10-6/6*10-4
K1= 0.366*10-2

Ru Bu Sta Volume Vol Dil Ad Final[H2O2]c Final[KI]co Ti Rat Rat


ne ffe rch Of ume ute d oncentration ncentration m e of e
r ( 0.02M Of To H2 e reac con
( m Na2S2O KI (m O2 (S tion stan
mL )L 3 ( L) (0. ) t
) 0.3 4M
)M )
mL
1 5.00 10. 95. 5.0
5 2 00 0 0
2 5.00 5.0 95. 5.0
5 2 0 0 0
3 5.00 5.0 90. 10.
5 2 0 0 00
4 5.00 2.0 95. 5.0
5 2 0 0 0
5.00 10. 90. 5.0
*5 5 2 00 0 0
.Rune is performed at 0.0oC *

Post-laboratory Questions
State the effect that each of the following changes on the reaction rate .1
:in this experiment
a. If you increase H2O2 concentration ? Explain
b. If you used 0.8% starch solution instead of 0.4% ? Explain
Had note starch solution been used as an indicator, what would the .2
color change that might be observed have been? Are the results obtained
?accurate
.calculate the activation Energy of the reaction studied .3
.Calculate the value of Arrhenius constant (A) .4

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