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Digital Modulation Solved Problems Data Rate Limits: N S N S

1. The document provides solutions to problems involving digital modulation techniques such as calculating data rates, bandwidth requirements, and baud rates for signals. 2. Key calculations involve determining bandwidth needs based on bit rates, signal-to-noise ratios, modulation schemes, and the number of signaling levels. 3. Common modulation schemes addressed include FSK, PSK, and QAM signals. Calculations demonstrate how modulation order impacts bits per symbol and hence baud rate and bandwidth.

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gazzie ray
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (1 vote)
256 views

Digital Modulation Solved Problems Data Rate Limits: N S N S

1. The document provides solutions to problems involving digital modulation techniques such as calculating data rates, bandwidth requirements, and baud rates for signals. 2. Key calculations involve determining bandwidth needs based on bit rates, signal-to-noise ratios, modulation schemes, and the number of signaling levels. 3. Common modulation schemes addressed include FSK, PSK, and QAM signals. Calculations demonstrate how modulation order impacts bits per symbol and hence baud rate and bandwidth.

Uploaded by

gazzie ray
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Modulation Solved Problems 
Data Rate Limits 
1. What is the bandwidth required to transmit at a rate of 10 Mbps in the presence 
of a 28‐dB S/N ratio? 
Solution: 
Convert S/N as a power value: 
S S
28 = 10 log( ); = 630.957  
N N
Substituting: 
S
C = B log 2 (1 + ); 10 x10 6 = B log 2 (1 + 630.957 )  
N
B = 1.075 MHz 
 
2. Find the minimum allowable bandwidth for a binary signal with a bit rate of 200 
kbps. 
Solution: For a binary communications channel: 
R = 2B; B = (R/2) = (200K/2) = 100 KHz 
 
3. A  broadcast  television  channel  has  a  bandwidth  of  6  MHz.    Calculate  the 
maximum data rate that could be carried in a TV channel using a 16‐level code.  
Ignore noise. 
Solution:   
C = 2 B log 2 M = 2 (6 x10 6 ) log 2 16 = 48 Mbps 
 
4. Suppose  that  the  spectrum  of  a  channel  is  between  3  MHz  and  4  MHz  and  the 
SNR  is  24  dB.  Assuming  theoretical  limit  is  achievable,  how  many  signaling 
levels are required? 
Solution: 
B = 4 MHz – 3 MHz = 1 MHz 
Convert S/N as a power value: 
S S
24 = 10 log( ); = 251.19  
N N
 

  Glenn Ople Avendaño 
Digital Modulations Solved Problems 
              

S
C = B log 2 (1 + ); C = 1x10 6 log 2 (1 + 251.19) = 7.98 Mbps  
N
    From:   C = 2 B log 2 M ; 7.98 x10 6 = 2(1x10 6 ) log 2 M ; M = 15.88; hence M = 16  
 
Digital/Analog Modulation – Keying Techniques 
1. The  bit  rate  of  a  digital  signal  is  3000  bps.  If  each  signal  element  carries  6  bits, 
what is the baud? 
Solution: 
bits
3000 signal element
Baud = sec = 500 = 500 baud  
bits sec ond
6
signal element
 
2. Determine the minimum bandwidth for an FSK signal with a mark frequency of 
99 KHz, a space frequency of 101 KHz and a bit rate of 10 Kbps. 
Solution: 
f − fs 99 K − 101K
Δf = m = = 1K  
2 2
B = 2( f b + Δf ) = 2 (10 K + 1K ) = 22 KHz  
 
3. A constellation diagram consists of 8 equally spaced points on a circle. If the bit 
rate is 4800 bps, find the baud. 
Solution:   For 8 equally spaced points: implies 8‐PSK 
    For 8‐PSK: 23 = 8; 3 bits/symbol 
bits
4800
Baud = sec = 1600 symbols = 1600 baud  
bits sec ond
3
symbol
   
 
4. A  modem  uses  16  different  phases  and  4  different  amplitudes.  How  many  bits 
does it transmit per symbol? 
Solution:  No. of available symbols, M = (16) (4) = 64 
    Hence: 2n = M; 2n = 64;  n = 6 bits/symbol  
  Glenn Ople Avendaño 
Digital Modulations Solved Problems 
              

 
5. Compute the baud for a 36 Kbps, 64‐QAM signal. 
Solution:  For 64‐QAM: 26 = 64; 6 bits/symbol 
bits
36000
Baud = sec = 6000 symbols = 6000 baud  
bits sec ond
6
symbol
 
6. What is the bit rate of a 1000‐baud, 16‐QAM signal? 
Solution:  For 16‐QAM: 24 = 16; 4 bits/symbol 
symbols bits bits
Bit Rate = (1000 )( 4 ) = 4000  
sec symbol sec ond
 
7. For a 16‐QAM modulator with an input bit rate equal to 20 Mbps, determine the 
minimum bandwidth required for transmission. 
Solution:     For all D/A signals (except FSK): Min BW = baud 
For 16‐QAM: 24 = 16; 4 bits/symbol 
Mbits
20
Baud = sec = 5 Msymbols = 5 Mbaud  
bits sec ond
4
symbol
Hence: BW = 5 MHz 
 
8. Determine the minimum bandwidth required to achieve a Eb  / No  of 14 dB for an 
8‐PSK system operating at 20 Mbps with a C/N of 11 dB. 
Solution: 
    Convert C/N as a power value: 
C C
11 = 10 log( ); = 12.589  
N N
    Convert Eb / No  as a power value: 
E E
14 = 10 log( b ); b = 25.12  
No No
Eb ⎛ C ⎞ ⎛ B ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ; 25.12 = (12.589 ) ⎛⎜
B ⎞
Substituting:  ⎟ ; B = 39.9 MHz 
No ⎝ N ⎠ ⎝ fb ⎠ ⎝ 20 x10 6 ⎠
  Glenn Ople Avendaño 
Digital Modulations Solved Problems 
              

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