RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

Course Code: BTB 601 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
A complete understanding of molecular techniques can be obtained through the course. The successful application
of biotechnology largely depends on these advanced molecular techniques.

Course Contents:
Module I: Enzymes used in RDT
Restriction endonuclease, methyltransferase, ligase, polymerase, kinase, phosphatase, nuclease, transferase, reverse
transcriptase.

Module II: Cloning vectors

Plasmids, bacteriophages (Lambda and M13), phagemids, cosmids, artificial chromosomes (YAC, BAC). expression
vectors (Bacteria and yeast), vector engineering (fusion tags, antibiotic markers), codon optimization, host
engineering

Module III: Blotting techniques and hybridization

Southern, Northern and Western blotting techniques. Radioactive and non-radioactive probes.

Module IV: Nucleic acid amplification and its applications

Principles of PCR, designing of primers

Module V: Cloning Techniques

Basic cloning experiment: Design of cloning strategy and stepwise experimental procedure , Complementation,
colony and plaque hybridization, restriction, PCR, plus-minus screening, immunoscreening.

Module VI: DNA Libraries

Purpose of constructing DNA libraries. Construction of cDNA and genomic libraries.

Module VII: Sequencing of DNA

DNA sequencing (Maxam Gilbert, Sanger’s and automated), protein engineering.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Qui
z
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Principles of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering, R.W. Old and S. B Primrose,
Blackwell Science Inc.
 Recombinant DNA, J.D. Watson et al, W.H. Freeman and Company.

References:
 Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, B.R. Grick and J.J. Pasternak,
ASM Press.
 Molecular and Cellular Cells Methods in Biology and Medicine, P.B Kaufman, W. Wu, D. Kim and C.J. Cseke,
CRC Press.
 Milestones in Biotechnology: Classic Papers on Genetic Engineering, J.A. Bavies and W.S. Reznikoff,
Butterworth Heinemann.
 Gene Expression Technology, D.V. Goeddel in Methods in Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press Inc.
 DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach, D.M. Glover and B.D. Hames, IRL Press.
 Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis, Cold Spring Harbor
 Laboratory Press.
 ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

Course Code: BTB 602 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
The course aims to provide an understanding of the principles and application of proteins, secondary metabolites and
enzyme biochemistry in therapeutic applications and clinical diagnosis. The theoretical understanding of
biochemical systems would certainly help to interpret the results of laboratory experiments.

Course Contents:
Module I: Enzymes
Introduction and scope, Nomenclature, Mechanism of Catalysis.

Module II: Enzyme Kinetics

Single substrate steady state kinetics; Michaelis Menten equation, Linear plots, King-Altman’s method; Inhibitors
and activators; Multisubstrate systems; ping-pong mechanism, Alberty equation, Sigmoidal kinetics and Allosteric
enzymes

Module III
Immobilization of Enzymes; Advantages, Carriers, adsorption, covalent coupling, cross-linking and entrapment
methods, Micro-environmental effects.

Module IV: Enzyme reactors

Reactors for batch/continuous enzymatic processing, choice of reactor type; idealized enzyme reactor systems, Mass
transfer in enzyme reactors: Steady state analysis of mass transfer and biochemical reaction in enzyme reaction.

Module V: Bioprocess Design

Physical parameters, reactor operational stability, Immobilized cells.

Module VI: Challenges and future trends

Enzyme catalysis in organic media; catalytic antibodies and non protein biomolecules as catalysts, biocatalysts from
extreme thermophilic and hyper thermophilic Archae and Bacteria.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Qui
z
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Biotechnological Innovations in Chemical Synthesis, R.C.B. Currell, V.D. Mieras, Biotol Partners Staff,
Butterworth Heinemann.
 Enzyme Technology, M.F. Chaplin and C. Bucke, Cambridge University Press.
 Enzymes: A Practical Introduction to Structure, Mechanism and Data Analysis, R.A. Copeland, John Wiley and
Sons Inc.

References:
 Enzymes Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Clinical Chemistry, Trevor Palner.
 Enzyme Kinetics: Behaviour and Analysis of Rapid Equilibrium and Steady State Enzyme Systems, I.H. Segel,
Wiley-Interscience.
 Industrial Enzymes & their applications, H. Uhlig, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
 STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY

Course Code: BTB 603 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
The course aims to provide an understanding of the principles and applications of proteins, enzymes and nucleic
acids for their role in biochemical pathway as well as interactions among themselves.

Course Contents:
Module I: Chemistry of amino acids and peptides
Side chain structure and function in protein folding and functionality: Secondary structure of proteins -helices,
sheets, loops and turns; Structural and functional proteins. Tertiary structure of proteins, homo and hetero-dimers,
trimers and tetramers; forces governing protein-protein interactions; open tertiary structure; Classification of
proteins; Structure and function of an antibody; structure of hemoglobin, muscle proteins; Sequence and structural
motifs in proteins.

Module II: Protein-ligand interactions

Lock and key versus handshake mechanism of substrate recognition; structural basis of recognition; reaction
mechanisms of enzymes, G-Protein coupled receptors.

Module III: Protein solubility, protein stability and stabilization

Salting in and salting out, Parameters affecting; enthalpic and entropic stabilization, mutations increasing
stability, .helix capping; Native, partially denatured and denatured proteins; Protein denaturation, Physical and
chemical denaturants; Refolding

Module IV: DNA structure

Covalent structure of DNA, base pairing, hydrogen bonding, DNA melting and annealing, difference between AT
and GC pairing, DNA models, The Watson Crick model; Crystal structure of B-DNA, major and minor groves, dyad
symmetry, base pair stacking, propellor twist, A and Z- DNA, triple stranded DNA, telomeric sequences and
structure, G-quartcts, palindromic and tandem sequences, Base pair flipping and DNA bulges, DNA methylation;
Protein-DNA interactions; drug-DNA interactions; Databases of sequences and structure for protein and DNA,
public domain softwares for visualizing and modeling biomolecules -Rasmol, Deepview, Whatif.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Qui
z
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Biochemistry, R.H. Abeles, P.A. Frey and W.A. Jencks, Jones and Bartlett.
 Essentials of Molecular Biology, D. Freifelder, Jones and Bartlett Publications.
 Genes VII, B. Lewin, Oxford University Press.

References:
 Introduction to Protein Structure, C. Branden and J Tooze, Garland Publishing Company.
 Protein Structure, M. Perutz, Oxford University Press.
 Proteins (Structures and Molecular Properties), T.E. Creighton, W.H. Freeman and Company.
 Database Annotation in Molecular Biology, Arthur M. Lesk.
 From Genes to Clones, E.L. Winnacker.
 Genes & Genomes, M.S. Paul Berg.
 Structure and Machanism in Protein Science, Alan Fersht.
 IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY

Course Code: BTB 604 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
Role of antibody engineering in biomedical applications and the importance of immuno genetics in disease
processes, tissue transplantation and immune regulation are some of the areas of attributes of this course which can
help the students to understand the biotechnology related to human kind.

Course Contents:
Module I: Introduction
Phylogeny of Immune System, Innate and acquired immunity, clonal nature of Immune Response.
Organization and structure of lymphoid organs Nature and Biology of antigens and super antigens Antibody
structure and function; Types of immunity- innate, acquired, active and passive.

Module II: Major Histocompatibilty

MHC, BCR and TCR, generation of antibody diversity, Complement system

Module III: Cells of the immune system

Hematopoiesis and differentiation, lymphocyte trafficking, B-Lymphocytes, T -Lymphocytes, macrophages,
dendritic cells, natural killer, lymphokines and lymphokine activated killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and mast
cells

Module IV: Regulation of immune response

Antigen processing and presentation, activation of B and T lymphocytes, cytokines and their role in immune
regulation, T cell regulation and MHC restriction, immunological tolerance

Module V: Cell mediated toxicity

Mechanism of T cell and NK cell mediated lysis and macrophage mediated cytotoxicity.

Module VI: Hypersensitivity

Module VII: Autoimmunity

Module VIII: Tumor immunology, Immunity to infectious agents

Module IX: Transplantation Immunology

Module X: Synthetic vaccines

Vaccines: General consideration, ideotype network hypothesis, Synthetic vaccines

Module XI: Hnmunological Techniques

Immuno diffusion, immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA, RIA, fluorescence activated cell sorter

Module XII: Hybridoma technology and its applications

Fusion of myeloma cells with lymphocytes

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Qui
z
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Basic Immunology, A.K. Abbas and A.H. Lichtman, Saunders W.B. Company
 Basic Immunology, A.K. Abbas and A.H. Lichtman, Saunders W.B. Company
References:
 Fundamentals of Immunology, W. Paul, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
 Immunology, W.L. Anderson, Fence Creek Publishing (Blackwell).
 Immunology: A Short Course, E. Benjamin, R. Coico and G. Sunshine, Wiley-Leiss Inc.
 Immunology, Roitt, Mosby – Yearbook Inc.
 Kuby Immunology, R.A. Goldsby, T.J. Kindt, and B.A. Osborne, Free
 COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

Course Code: BTB 605 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
The objective is to describe relational data models and database management systems with an emphasis on
biologically important techniques to store various data on DNA sequencing structures genetic mapping etc.

Course Contents:
Module I: Introduction and overview
The NCBI data model; sequence databases, sequence retrieval, sequence file formats, submitting DNA and protein
sequences.
Types of biological databases, Databases and rapid sequence analysis

Module II: Sequence alignment

Global and local alignments, statistical significance of alignments, scoring matrices and gap penalties, filtering,
position specific scoring matrices, internet resources, Pairwise and multiple alignment, uses of pairwise and multiple
sequence alignment, programs and methods for sequence alignment, pattern searching programs, family and
superfamily representation, structural inference, dynamic programming algorithms, alignment by hidden Markov
models, consensus word analysis, more complex scoring.

Module III: Phylogenetic prediction

Trees-splits and metrices on trees, tree interpretation, Distance – additive, ultrameric and nonadditive distances, tree
building methods, phylogenetic analysis, parsimony, tree evaluation, maximum likelihood trees – continuous time
markov chains, estimating the rate of change, likelihood and trees; analysis software.

Module IV: Predictive methods using DNA and protein sequences

ESTs – databases, clustering, gene discovery and identification, and functional classification.
Protein identification, physical properties, motifs and patterns, structure, folding classes, structure classification;

Module V
Molecular modeling – PDB and MMDB, structure file formats, visualizing structural information, advance structure
modeling, Internal and external co-ordinate system, cartesian and cylindrical polar co-ordinate system, Potential
energy calculations using semiempirical potential energy function, Molecular mechanics and dynamics, Docking of
Molecules, Knowledge base structure prediction, Molecular Design, structure similarity searching; Secondary
structure prediction in proteins, prediction of buried residues in proteins;

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Qui
z
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Essentials of Genomics and Bioinformatics, C.W. Sensen, John Wiley and Sons
 Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis, D.W. Mount, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

References:
 Algorithms on Strings, Trees, and Sequences: Computer Science and Computational Biology, D. Gusfield,
Cambridge University Press
 Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins, A.D. Baxevanis and B.F.F Quellette,
Wiley – interscience.
 Bioinforamtics: Sequence and Genome Analysis, D.W. Mount, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
 Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology: Treasure Trove or Trivial Pursuit, G. Von Heijne and G. Von Heijne,
Academic Press.
 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Course Code: BTB 606 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
The course material on the kinetics of microbial growth, substrate utilization and product formation etc. may help
the students to understand the various principles involved in instrumentation and control of bioprocess.

Course Contents:
Module I
Kinetics of microbial growth, substrate utilization and product formation.

Module II
Sterilization of air and medium.

Module III
Batch, continuous ,cell recycle and fed batch reactors; mass and energy balance in microbial processes, Bioreactor
design, Different types of bioreactors, their parts and functions. Different types of valves.

Module IV
Mass transfer in Biological reactions; Scale-up principles; Instrumentation and control of bioprocesses.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Qui
z
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Biochemical Engineering- Kinetics, Mass Transport, Reactors and Gene Expression, W F Weith, John Wiley
and Sons Inc
 Biochemical Engineering, S Aiba, A E Humphery and N F Millis, University of Tokyo Press
 Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, J E Baily and D F Oillis, McGraw Hill
 Bioprocess Engineering Principles, P Doran, Academic Press

References:
 Chemical Engineering, J M Coulson, and J F Richardson, Butterwirth Heinemann
 Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook: Principles, Process Design, and Equipment, HC Vogel,
CL Todaro, CC Todaro, Noyes Data Corporation/Noyes Publications
 Process Engineering in Biotechnology, A T Jackson, Prentice Hall
 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY LAB

Course Code: BTB 620 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
The laboratory experiments in Recombinant DNA Technology would certainly help to comprehend the theoretical
aspects of the subject.

Course Contents:
Module I
Study of cloning (GFP CLONING)

Module II
Study of PCR

Module III
Study of Southern hybridiosation

Module IV
Study of RAPD

Module V
Site directed mutagenesis

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practica Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting l Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY LAB

Course Code: BTB 621 Credit Units: 01

Course Objective:
The laboratory will help the students to isolate enzymes from different sources, enzyme assays and studying their
kinetic parameters which have immense importance in industrial processes.

Course Contents:
Module I
Isolation of enzymes from plant and microbial sources.

Module II
Enzyme assay; activity and specific activity – determination of amylase, nitrate reductase, cellulase, protease.

Module III
Purification of Enzyme by ammonium sulphate fractionation.

Module IV
Enzyme Kinetics: Effect of varying substrate concentration on enzyme activity, determination of Michaelis-Menten
constant (Km) and Maximum Velocity (Vmax.) using Lineweaver-Burk plot.

Module V
Effect of Temperature and pH on enzyme activity.

Module VI
Enzyme immobilization

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practica Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting l Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10

Text & References:

Text:
 Practical Biochemistry, Sawhney and Singh

References:
 Practical Biochemistry, Principles & Techniques, Keith Wilson and John Walker
 STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LAB

Course Code: BTB 622 Credit Units: 01

Course Contents:
1. Study of physical properties of proteins.
2. Analysis of protein structure.
3. Study of protein finger printing
4. Study of protein fractionation
5. Study of protein folding
6. Study of protein degadation.

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practica Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting l Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY LAB

Course Code: BTB 623 Credit Units: 01

Course Contents:
Module I
Blood film preparation and identification of cells.

Module II
Identification of blood group.

Module III
Isolation of serum.

Module IV
Lymphoid organs and their microscopic organization.

Module V
WIDAL Test

Module VI
Radial Immuno Diffusion Test

Module VII
Ouchterlony Double diffusion Test

Module VIII: Elisa

DOT, SANDWICH

Module IX
Purification of lgG through affinity chromatography

Module X
Immunohistochemistry

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practica Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting l Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
.
 COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LAB

Course Code: BTB 624 Credit Units: 01

Course Contents:

List of Experiments/Exercises
1. Basics of sequence analysis Retrieving a sequence-nucleic acid/Protein
2. Local and Global Alignment- concepts Pair wise sequence alignment
3. Multiple sequence alignment
4. Dynamic Programming – Smith Watermann Algorithm Needleman Wunsch Algorithm
5. Motif and pattern searching
6. Phylogentic prediction and analysis
7. Structure predicition
8. Finding transcription regulatory signals
9. Docking

Examination Scheme:
IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practica Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting l Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 COMMUNICATION SKILLS - IV

Course Code: BTB 641 Credit Units: 01

Course Objective:
To enhance the skills needed to work in an English-speaking global business environment.

Course Contents:
Module I: Business/Technical Language Development
Advanced Grammar: Syntax, Tenses, Voices
Advanced Vocabulary skills: Jargons, Terminology, Colloquialism
Individualised pronunciation practice

Module II: Social Communication

Building relationships through Communication
Communication, Culture and Context
Entertainment and Communication
Informal business/ Technical Communication

Module III: Business Communication

Reading Business/ Technical press
Listening to Business/ Technical reports (TV, radio)
Researching for Business /Technology

Module IV: Presentations

Planning and getting started
Design and layout of presentation
Information Packaging
Making the Presentation

Examination Scheme:

Components CT1 CT2 CAF V GD GP A

Weightage (%) 20 20 25 10 10 10 5

CAF – Communication Assessment File

GD – Group Discussion
GP – Group Presentation

Text & References:

 Business Vocabulary in Use: Advanced Mascull, Cambridge

 Business Communication, Raman –Prakash, Oxford
 Business Communications, Rodgers, Cambridge
 Working in English, Jones, Cambridge
 New International Business English, Jones/Alexander, Cambridge
 BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE - VI
(STRESS AND COPING STRATEGIES)

Course Code: BTB 643 Credit Units: 01

Course Objective:
To develop an understanding the concept of stress its causes, symptoms and consequences.
To develop an understanding the consequences of the stress on one’s wellness, health, and work performance.

Course Contents:
Module I: Stress
Meaning & Nature
Characteristics
Types of stress

Module II: Stages and Models of Stress

Stages of stress
The physiology of stress
Stimulus-oriented approach.
Response-oriented approach.
The transactional and interact ional model.
Pressure – environment fit model of stress.

Module III: Causes and symptoms of stress

Personal
Organizational
Environmental

Module IV: Consequences of stress

Effect on behaviour and personality
Effect of stress on performance
Individual and Organizational consequences with special focus on health

Module V: Strategies for stress management

Importance of stress management
Healthy and Unhealthy strategies
Peer group and social support
Happiness and well-being

Module VI: End-of-Semester Appraisal

Viva based on personal journal
Assessment of Behavioural change as a result of training
Exit Level Rating by Self and Observer

Text & References:

 Blonna, Richard; Coping with Stress in a Changing World: Second edition

 Pestonjee, D.M, Pareek, Udai, Agarwal Rita; Studies in Stress And its Management
 Pestonjee, D.M.; Stress and Coping: The Indian Experience
 Clegg, Brian; Instant Stress Management – Bring calm to your life now
 FRENCH - VI

Course Code: BTB 644 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
To strengthen the language of the students both in oral and written so that they can:
i) express their sentiments, emotions and opinions, reacting to information, situations;
ii) narrate incidents, events;
iii) perform certain simple communicative tasks.

Course Contents:
Module D: pp. 157 – 168 – Unité 12

Unité 12: s'évader

1. présenter, caractériser, définir
2. parler de livres, de lectures
3. préparer et organiser un voyage
4. exprimer des sentiments et des opinions
5. téléphoner
6. faire une réservation

Contenu grammatical:
1. proposition relative avec pronom relatif "qui", "que", "où" - pour caractériser
2. faire + verbe

Examination Scheme:

Components CT1 CT2 C I V A

Weightage (%) 20 20 20 20 15 5

C – Project + Presentation
I – Interaction/Conversation Practice

Text & References:

 le livre à suivre : Campus: Tome 1