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    Entity Relationship

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    Yesmine Makkes
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in entity-relationship modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, cardinalities, and relationship types. It defines entities as representations of real-world objects, and attributes as their descriptive properties. Relationships model links between entities, and cardinalities specify the minimum and maximum participation of each entity in a relationship. Relationship types are identified based on cardinalities. Additional concepts covered include entity identifiers, sub-entities, weak entities, and n-ary relationships.

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    Entity Relationship

    Uploaded by

    Yesmine Makkes
    15 views6 pages
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in entity-relationship modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, cardinalities, and relationship types. It defines entities as representations of real-world objects, and attributes as their descriptive properties. Relationships model links between entities, and cardinalities specify the minimum and maximum participation of each entity in a relationship. Relationship types are identified based on cardinalities. Additional concepts covered include entity identifiers, sub-entities, weak entities, and n-ary relationships.

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    This document provides an overview of key concepts in entity-relationship modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, cardinalities, and relationship types. It defines entities as representations of real-world objects, and attributes as their descriptive properties. Relationships model links between entities, and cardinalities specify the minimum and maximum participation of each entity in a relationship. Relationship types are identified based on cardinalities. Additional concepts covered include entity identifiers, sub-entities, weak entities, and n-ary relationships.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odt, pdf, or txt
    15 views6 pages

    Entity Relationship

    Uploaded by

    Yesmine Makkes
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in entity-relationship modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, cardinalities, and relationship types. It defines entities as representations of real-world objects, and attributes as their descriptive properties. Relationships model links between entities, and cardinalities specify the minimum and maximum participation of each entity in a relationship. Relationship types are identified based on cardinalities. Additional concepts covered include entity identifiers, sub-entities, weak entities, and n-ary relationships.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odt, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Introduction

    At the end of this Chapter, the learner will be able to:


    • Learn how to convert functional needs to a conceptual data model
    • Identify the main concepts of the Entity-relationship model

    Entity / Relationship model


    • The Entity-relationship model is a type of conceptual diagram widely used for databases
    data, including relational databases.
    • It is a tool for describing the structure of a database by highlighting many concepts:
    • Entity
    • Relation
    • Cardinalities
    • Attributes / Identifier
    • etc.

    Entity
    • An entity is an abstract representation of a real world object.
    • An entity represents a physical or logical object.
    • The object which will be represented with an entity must have different characteristics.

    Attributes
    • Each entity is described based on a list of properties which characterize the entity.
    • At this level, the attributes are defined with their names (designation). It is not necessary to
    identify types of the different attributes
    Entity Identifier
    • An entity identifier is a property (attribute) which can qualify an occurrence of an entity.
    • The entity identifier can be simple or composed of multiple attributes.
    • An identifier must depend only on the entity to which it belongs.

    Which from the following is true according to entity relationship diagramIt is a conceptual model
    An entity identifier can depend only other entities
    depend only other entities
    An entity identifier should be simple False

    Relationship
    • A relationship represents links between entity occurrences.
    • Several employees works in the department “department_1”.
    • The relationship models the relation or association between department and employee
    entities
    Relationship

    A relationship can have more information (attributes)

    Cardinalities
    • Cardinalities are among the properties of an association.
    • In DBMS, cardinality refers to the relationship between two entities. We should have two
    terms of cardinalities, on the side of each entity.
    • It models the number of times (minimum-maximum) of participation of the entity in the
    relationship.
    • The minimum value is either 0 or 1 and the maximum value varies between 1 and N

    Cardinalities

    • One employee works in one department


    • A department hires between one and N employees
    • There are 4 types of cardinalities : 0..1, 0..N, 1..1, 1..N

    Relationship types
    • The type of a given relationship can be identified based on the cardinalities of each side.
    • There are 3 types of relationship:
    • OnetoOne (1..1)
    • OnetoMany (1..N)
    • ManytoMany (N..N)

    Works_for” is OnetoMany relationship.


    Which from the following is not a relationship typeManytoOne
    Which from the following is not a cardinality type1..0
    A relationship represents links betweenentities

    Sub-Entity
    • A sub-entity expresses the notion of inheritance.
    • Sub-entities inherit attributes from the parent class with some specifications which are those
    attributes.
    Weak entity
    • An entity that cannot be uniquely identified by its own attributes and relies on the
    relationship with other entity is called weak entity.
    • A weak entity is an entity without identifier which depends on another so-called strong
    entity.
    • The weak entity is represented by a double rectangle.

    Reflexive relation
    A reflexive association is a binary association which involves the same entity twice.
    n-ary relationship
    • In an n - ary relationship, the n shows the number of entities in the relationship.
    • If n=1, we get a reflexive relation, if n=2, it is a binary relation which links between 2
    entities.
    • if n>2, we talk about n-ary relationship, which involves three or more entities.

    A sub-entity represents the concept of:Inheritance


    In n-ary relationship, there aren entities
    A weak entity is independentFalse

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