PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Overview
Multiple Choice

__ 1. From the above picture, “a” represents:

a) oxygen
b) NADH
c) FADH2
d) water
e) ATP
f) ADP & Pi
g) sugar
h) CO2
i) NAD
__ 2. From the above picture, “b” represents:
a) oxygen
b) NADH
c) FADH2
d) water
e) ATP
f) ADP & Pi
g) sugar
h) CO2
i) NAD
__ 3. From the above picture, “c” represents:
a) oxygen
b) NADH
c) FADH2
d) water
e) ATP
f) ADP & Pi
g) sugar
h) CO2
i) NAD
__ 4. From the above picture, “d” represents:
a) oxygen
 b) NADH
c) FADH2
d) water
e) ATP
f) ADP & Pi
g) sugar
h) CO2
i) NAD
__ 5. From the above picture, “g” and “h” represents:
a) oxygen and water
b) NADH and NAD
c) FADH and water
d) ATP and NAD
e) ADP & Pi
f) sugar and CO2
__ 6. The process that occurs inside some types of living cells by which the energy from sunlight is
trapped and converted into carbohydrate molecules is called
a) photosystem II
b) photosystem I
c) light dependent reaction
d) photosynthesis
e) Calvin cycle
__ 7. On a global scale, which one(s) of the following are products of photosynthesis and required
for the lives of all aerobically respiring organisms? 1.water, 2. carbon dioxide 3. oxygen, 4.
carbohydrates
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 3 and 4
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
__ 8. Of the following, which two represent the primary functions of photosynthesis? 1. to
convert chemical forms of energy into photons of light; 2. to convert chemical forms of
energy (ATP and NADH) and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates (e.g., glucose); 3. to
convert sunlight into chemical forms of nergy (ATP and NADH); 4. to convert carbohydrates
into chemical forms of energy (ATP and NADH).
a) 1 and 4
b) 2 and 3
c) 2 and 4
d) 1 and 2
e) 3 and 4
__ 9. In what cell organelle does photosynthesis occur (both the light-dependent and light-
independent reactions)?
a) mitochondria
b) rough endoplasmic reticulum
c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) Golgi bodies
e) chloroplast
True - False
Short Answer
 Essay
Light-dependent reactions
Multiple Choice
__ 10. The pigments excited by sunlight that splits water into oxygen, protons, and electrons are
located in
a) photosystem I
b) the thylakoid compartment
c) the stroma
d) the membrane that forms the thylakoid disk
e) photosystem II
__ 11. The first (most direct) work performed by the high-energy electron emitted by photosystem
II in plants is to
a) transfer protons from the outside to the inside of the thylakoid membrane
b) produce NADPH
c) to drive the Calvin cycle
d) form sugar phosphates
e) make new chlorophyll
__ 12. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the
a) stroma
b) inner thylakoid compartment
c) thylakoid membranes
d) space between the inner and outer membrane
e) outer membrane
__ 13. The function of the light dependent reactions that occur in photosynthesis is to convert
sunlight into chemical form(s) of energy. From the following choices, what is (are) this
(these) chemical forms of energy? 1. carbon dioxide; 2. adenosine triphosphate; 3.
glucose-phosphate; 4. NADPH; 5. acetyl-CoA.
a) 2
b) 2 and 5
c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
d) 2 and 4
e) all of the choices
__ 14. ___________ and ___________ are products of the light dependent reactions of
photosynthesis that are used as chemical forms of energy to drive the energy requiring light
independent reactions.
a) oxygen and ATP
b) NADPH and ATP
c) PEP and NADPH
d) sugar phosphates and inorganic phosphates
e) photosystem I and photosystem II
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
Light-independent reactions
Multiple Choice
__ 15. In photosynthesis, the chemical energy formed by the light-dependent reactions is used to
 drive the light-independent reactions. The name of the pathway used for the light
independent pathway is
a) Kreb’s cycle
b) TCA cycle
c) photosystem I and II
d) Harley-Davidson cycle
e) Calvin cycle
__ 16. The carbons in the carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis originate as (are taken
up by the plant cells as)
a) glucose phosphate
b) carbon dioxide
c) ATP
d) NADPH
e) starch
__ 17. Where do the light-independent reactions occur inside plant tissue.
a) inside photosynthetic cells but outside the chloroplast
b) inside the thylakoid disk (thylakoid compartment)
c) in the stroma outside the thylakoid disks
d) just outside the chloroplast outer membrane
e) within the hydrophobic region of the thylakoid membrane
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
C3 – C4 photosynthesis
Multiple Choice
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
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__ 18. The process that occurs inside some types of living cells by which the energy from sunlight
is trapped and converted into carbohydrate molecules is called
a) photosystem II
b) photosystem I
c) light dependent reaction
d) photosynthesis
e) Calvin cycle
__ 19. On a global scale, which one(s) of the following are products of photosynthesis and
required for the lives of all aerobically respiring organisms? 1.water, 2. carbon dioxide 3.
oxygen, 4. glucose and other polysaccharides
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 3 and 4
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
__ 20. Of the following, which two represent the primary functions of photosynthesis? 1. to
 convert chemical forms of energy into photons of light; 2. to convert chemical forms of
energy (ATP and NADH) and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates (e.g., glucose); 3. to
convert sunlight into chemical forms of nergy (ATP and NADH); 4. to convert carbohydrates
into chemical forms of energy (ATP and NADH).
a) 1 and 4
b) 2 and 3
c) 2 and 4
d) 1 and 2
e) 3 and 4
__ 21. In what cell organelle does photosynthesis occur (both the light-dependent and light-
independent reactions?
a) mitochondria
b) rough endoplasmic reticulum
c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) Golgi bodies
e) chloroplast
__ 22. The pigments excited by sunlight that splits water into oxygen and hydrogensare located in
a) photosystem I
b) the thylakoid compartment
c) the stroma
d) the membrane that forms the thylakoid disk
e) the outer membrane surounding the chloroplast
__ 23. The first (most direct) work performed by the high-energy electron emitted by photosystem
II in plants is to
a) transfer protons from the outside to the inside of the thylakoid membrane
b) produce NADPH
c) to drive the Calvin cycle
d) form sugar phosphates
e) make new chlorophyll
__ 24. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the
a) stroma
b) inner thylakoid compartment
c) thylakoid membranes
d) space between the inner and outer membrane
e) outer membrane
__ 25. The function of the light dependent reactions that occur in photosynthesis is to convert
sunlight into chemical form(s) of energy. From the following choices, what is (are) this
(these) chemical forms of energy? 1. carbon dioxide; 2. adenosine triphosphate; 3.
glucose-phosphate; 4. NADPH; 5. acetyl-CoA.
a) 2
b) 2 and 5
c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
d) 2 and 4
e) all of these
__ 26. Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interiors of the thylakoids are no
longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of
the following processes?
a) the synthesis of ATP
 b) the reduction of NADP
c) the splitting of water
d) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
e) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
__ 27. ___________ and ___________ are products of the light dependent reactions of
photosynthesis that are used as chemical forms of energy to drive the energy requiring light
independent reactions.
a) oxygen and ATP
b) NADPH and ATP
c) PEP and NADPH
d) sugar phosphates and inorganic phosphates
e) photosystem I and photosystem II
__ 28. In photosynthesis, the chemical energy formed by the light-dependent reactions is used to
drive the light-independent reactions. The name of the pathway used for the light
independent pathway is
a) Kreb’s cycle
b) TCA cycle
c) photosystem I and II
d) Harley-Davidson
e) Calvin cycle
__ 29. Proton gradient for the synthesis of ATP.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 30. Chloroplasts can make carbohydrate in the dark if provided with:
a) ATP.
b) NADPH.
c) CO2.
d) Only ATP and CO2 are correct.
e) ATP, NADPH and CO2 are correct.
__ 31. Where do the light-independent reactions occur inside plant tissue.
a) inside photosynthetic cells but outside the chloroplast
b) inside the thylakoid disk (thylakoid compartment)
c) in the stroma outside the thylakoid disks
d) just outside the chloroplast outer membrane
e) within the hydrophobic region of the thylakoid membrane
__ 32. The carbons in the carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis originate as (are taken
up by the plant cells as)
a) glucose phosphate
b) carbon dioxide
c) ATP
d) NADPH
e) starch
__ 33. Reduction of NADP+.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
 d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 34. Reduction of CO2.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 35. Oxidation of water.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 36. Electron flow along an electron transport chain.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 37. Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is FALSE?
a) The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.
b) Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy which excites electrons.
c) An electron transport chain is used to create a proton gradient.
d) A proton gradient is used to reduce NADP and assemble ATP.
__ 38. The primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is
a) to produce energy rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
b) to produce energy rich ATP and NADPH.
c) to produce NADPH used in respiration.
d) to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL.
e) to use ATP to make glucose.
__ 39. You have just discovered a new flower species that has a unique photosynthetic pigment.
The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are
not being absorbed by this pigment?
a) red and yellow
b) blue and violet
c) green and yellow
d) blue, green, and red
e) green, blue, and violet
__ 40. All of the following compounds are required (i.e., are necessary constituents for chemical
reactions) at some stage of green plant photosynthesis, EXCEPT
a) ATP.
b) NADP.
c) water.
d) oxygen.
e) carbon dioxide.
__ 41. What do only plants produce that humans must have for their survival?
a) carbon dioxide
b) carbohydrates
c) proteins
d) saturated fats
e) oxygen
Photo -- more
__ 42. Plants that fix CO2 into organic acids at night when the stoma are open and carry out the
Calvin cycle during the day when the stoma are closed are called:
a) C3 plants
b) C4 plants
c) CAM plants
d) C3 plants and C4 plants only.
e) C3 plants, C4 plants, and CAM plants.
__ 43. Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by removing which of the following
from the Calvin cycle?
a) carbon dioxide molecules
b) phosphoglyceraldehyde phosphate molecules
c) ATP molecules
d) ribulose bisphosphate molecules
e) RuBP carboxylase molecules
__ 44. Chloroplasts can make carbohydrate in the dark if provided with:
a) ATP.
b) NADPH.
c) CO2.
d) Only ATP and CO2 are correct.
e) ATP, NADPH and CO2 are correct.
__ 45. Chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 46. Reduction of CO2.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 47. Reduction of NADP+.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 48. Oxidation of water.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 49. Electron flow along a cytochrome chain.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 50. Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interiors of the thylakoids are no
longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of
 the following processes?
a) the splitting of water
b) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
c) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
d) the synthesis of ATP
e) the reduction of NADP
__ 51. Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?
a) They do not carry out the Calvin cycle.
b) They use a more efficient enzyme to initially fix CO2.
c) They are adapted to cold, wet climates.
d) They conserve water more efficiently.
e) They do not use the Calvin cycle.
__ 52. Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is FALSE?
a) The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.
b) Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy which excites electrons.
c) An electron transport chain is used to create a proton gradient.
d) A proton gradient is used to reduce NADP and assemble ATP.
e) Some electrons are recycled and some are not.
__ 53. Which of the following are products of the Calvin cycle and are utilized in the light reactions
of photosynthesis? (1) CO2 and glucose; (2) H2O and O2; (3) ADP, Pi, and NADP+; (4)
Electrons and H+
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) Both 3 and 4 are correct.
__ 54. The primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is
a) to produce energy rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
b) to produce energy rich ATP and NADPH.
c) to produce NADPH used in respiration.
d) to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL.
e) to use ATP to make glucose.
__ 55. The reactions of the Calvin cycle require all of the following molecules EXCEPT
a) CO2.
b) ATP.
c) RuBP.
d) glucose.
e) NADPH+.
__ 56. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT
a) Thylakoid membranes contain the photosynthetic pigments.
b) The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from water.
c) PGAL is produced only in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
d) The light reactions of photosynthesis provide the energy for the Calvin cycle.
e) When chlorophyll is reduced, it gains electrons.
__ 57. You have just discovered a new flower species that has a unique photosynthetic pigment.
The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are
not being absorbed by this pigment?
a) red and yellow
 b) blue and violet
c) green and yellow
d) blue, green, and red
e) green, blue, and violet
__ 58. All of the events listed below occur in the energy-capturing "light-reactions" of
photosynthesis EXCEPT
a) Oxygen is produced.
b) NADP is reduced to NADPH+.
c) Carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA.
d) ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP.
e) Light is absorbed.
__ 59. The chemiosomotic process in chloroplasts involves the
a) establishment of a proton gradient.
b) diffusion of electrons through the thylakiod membrane.
c) oxidation of water to produce ATP energy.
d) movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma.
e) reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose by NADPH and ATP.
__ 60. Which of the following enzymes is probably the most abundant protein in the world?
a) PEP carboxylase
b) hexokinase
c) RuBP carboxylase
d) aldolase
e) pyruvate kinase
__ 61. Which statement is not true of the carbon-fixing reactions of the Calvin cycle?
a) Three turns produce one molecule of glyceraldehyde.
b) Each step requires an enzyme.
c) The synthesis of one glucose molecule requires 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.
d) Ribulose bisphosphate is regenerated after each turn of the cycle.
e) Light is required.
__ 62. In C4 photosynthesis, carbon fixation takes place in the _________ cells, and then is
transferred as malic or aspartic acid to _________ cells where carbon dioxide is released for
entry into the Calvin cycle.
a) mesophyll; bundle sheath
b) stomatal; mesophyll
c) bundle sheath; epidermal
d) epidermal; mesophyll
e) stomatal; epidermal
__ 63. Because bundle sheath cells are relatively protected from atmospheric oxygen, the level of
_________ is held to a minimum in C4 plants.
a) glycolysis
b) photosynthesis
c) oxidative phosphorylation
d) photorespiration
e) decarboxylation of malic acid
__ 64. Which of the following events in the functioning of photosystem II is FFALSE?
a) Light energy excites electrons in an antenna pigment in a photosynthetic unit.
b) The excitation is passed along to a molecule of P680 chlorophyll in the photosynthetic unit.
c) The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of NADPH, which is thus converted to NADP+.
 d) The electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water.
e) The spitting of water yields molecular oxygen as a by-product.
__ 65. All of the following compounds are required (i.e., are necessary constituents for chemical
reactions) at some stage of green plant photosynthesis, EXCEPT
a) adenosine triphosphate.
b) NADP.
c) water.
d) oxygen.
e) carbon dioxide.
__ 66. When a chlorophyll molecule in photosystem I traps light, it loses an electron. In noncyclic
electron flow this electron is replaced
a) from one of the antenna pigments.
b) from the other end of photosystem I.
c) by a donation from photosystem II.
d) by a donation from an unexcited chlorophyll molecule.
e) from one of the hydrogen atoms in NADP.
__ 67. On which of the following features do plant and animal cells differ?
a) active transport mechanisms
b) mitochondrial function
c) primary energy source
d) transcription
e) structure of nucleus
__ 68. Which of the following is not true of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase?
a) It is a protein.
b) It speeds up a chemical reaction.
c) It lowers the energy of activation.
d) It catalyzes a phosphorylation reaction.
e) It has an affinity for both O2 and CO2.
__ 69. Where do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place?
a) stroma of the chloroplast
b) thylakoid membrane
c) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast
d) chlorophyll molecule
e) outer membrane of the chloroplast
__ 70. CAM plants can keep stomates closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do
this because they can
a) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night.
b) fix CO2 into glucose in the bundle-sheath cells.
c) fix CO2 into pyruvic acid in the mesophyll cells.
d) use the enzyme phosphofructokinase which outcompetes rubisco for CO2.
e) use photosystems I and II at night.
__ 71. All of the following statements are correct regarding the light-independent (dark) reactions
of photosynthesis EXCEPT
a) The energy source utilized is the ATP and NADPH obtained through the light reaction.
b) This reaction begins soon after sundown and ends before sunrise.
c) The 5-carbon sugar RuBP is constantly being regenerated.
d) One of the end products is PGAL.
e) The pathway used is the Calvin cycle.
__ 72. The color of light least effective in driving photosynthesis is
a) blue.
b) red.
c) orange.
d) green.
e) yellow.
__ 73. Cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produces
a) ATP.
b) NADPH.
c) glucose.
d) Only ATP and NADPH are correct.
e) ATP, NADPH, and glucose are correct.
__ 74. In plant cells, ATP is made in response to light. An electron transport chain is involved. This
electron transport chain is found in the
a) thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
b) stroma of chloroplasts.
c) inner membrane of mitochondria.
d) matrix of mitochondria.
e) cytoplasm.
__ 75. If photosynthesizing, green algae are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy oxygen
(18O), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the
algae contain the 18O label. That one exception is
a) PGA.
b) PGAL.
c) glucose.
d) RuBP.
e) O2.
__ 76. The process of noncyclic photophosphorylation uses light energy to synthesize
a) ADP and ATP.
b) ATP and P7000.
c) ATP and NADPH.
d) ADP and NADP.
e) P700 and P680.
__ 77. Use the information below to answer the following question(s). Thomas Engelmann
illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing
different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and
then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were
found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. What did he conclude about the
congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?
a) Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas.
b) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light.
c) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.
d) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other
wavelengths.
e) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in
photosynthesis.
__ 78. The purpose of this experiment was to determine
a) the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms.
 b) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration.
c) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released.
d) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis.
e) the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis.
__ 79. If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you
predict?
a) There would be no difference in results.
b) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the filament of algae.
c) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide
concentration.
d) The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide
concentration.
e) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water.
__ 80. Members of the Crassulaceae differ from C4 plants in that they
a) incorporate carbon dioxide into organic acids at night.
b) incorporate carbon dioxide into a three carbon compound.
c) incorporate carbon dioxide into a four carbon compound.
d) do not use rubisco as an enzyme.
e) use phosphoenolypyruvic acid as a source of carbon dioxide.
__ 81. Which one of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between
photosynthesis and respiration?
a) Respiration is the exact reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis.
b) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules and respiration releases it.
c) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
d) ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration.
e) Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic.
__ 82. In a plant cell, where is ATP synthase located? (1) thylakoid membrane; (2) plasma
membrane; (3) inner mitochondrial membrane
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 1 and 3 only are correct.
e) 1, 2, and 3
__ 83. Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism.
a) photosynthesis
b) respiration
c) both photosynthesis and respiration
d) neither photosynthesis nor respiration
__ 84. Oxidation of water.
a) photosynthesis
b) respiration
c) both photosynthesis and respiration
d) neither photosynthesis nor respiration
__ 85. Reduction of NADP+.
a) photosynthesis
b) respiration
c) both photosynthesis and respiration
d) neither photosynthesis nor respiration
__ 86. CO2 fixation
a) photosynthesis
b) respiration
c) both photosynthesis and respiration
d) neither photosynthesis nor respiration
__ 87. Electron flow along a cytochrome chain.
a) photosynthesis
b) respiration
c) both photosynthesis and respiration
d) neither photosynthesis nor respiration
__ 88. Oxidative phosphorylation.
a) photosynthesis
b) respiration
c) both photosynthesis and respiration
d) neither photosynthesis nor respiration
__ 89. Generation of proton gradients across membranes.
a) photosynthesis
b) respiration
c) both photosynthesis and respiration
d) neither photosynthesis nor respiration
__ 90. Before photosynthesis evolved, ________ was rare in Earth's atmosphere.
a) N2
b) CO2
c) O2
d) H2O
e) air
__ 91. What structural feature of a leaf allows a leaf to obtain CO2 from the air?
a) Stomata
b) Epidermis
c) Cuticle
d) Mesophyll
e) Chloroplast
__ 92. The vast majority of chloroplasts found in a leaf are located where?
a) Vascular bundles
b) Cuticle
c) Epidermis
d) Stroma
e) Mesophyll
__ 93. Specifically, molecules of chlorophyll are located in membranes of sacs called:
a) Cristae
b) Thylakoids
c) Stroma
d) Grana
e) Vesicles
__ 94. What factors influence the rate of photosynthesis?
a) Light intensity
b) Temperature
c) CO2
 d) Water availability
e) All of these
__ 95. The grana are disk-shaped, interconnected membranous sacs embedded in the stroma that
form thylakoids when stacked on one another.
a) True
b) False
__ 96. The majority of the leaf's chloroplasts are found in the mesophyll cells.
a) True
b) False
__ 97. The pigment(s) that absorb light energy to drive photosynthesis is/are:
a) chlorophyll
b) carotenoids
c) phycocyanins
d) a and b
e) all of these
__ 98. All of the following compounds are required (i.e. are necessary constitutents for chemical
reactions) at some state of green plant photosynthesis, except
a) ATP
b) NADP
c) water
d) oxygen
e) carbon dioxide
__ 99. The cellular organelle of eukaryotic organisms which is responsible for photosynthetic
activity is the:
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondrion
c) Chloroplast
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
e) Ribosome
__ 100. Energy is passed around different chlorophyll molecules until it reaches a specific
chlorophyll molecule called the:
a) Reaction center
b) Photoelectric point
c) Electron carrier molecule
d) Accessory pigment
e) Nucleus
__ 101. A pigment that absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light is:
a) Phycocyanin
b) Carotenoid
c) Xanthophyll
d) Melanin
e) Chlorophyll
__ 102. A pigment that absorbs yellow and green light and reflects blue or purple light is:
a) Phycocyanin
b) Carotenoid
c) Chlorophyll
d) Melanin
e) Xanthophyll
__ 103. Which statement is true regarding the light-dependent reactions?
a) They rely on energy provided by glucose synthesis.
b) Overall, they are exergonic because ATP is produced.
c) Without water, the system would shut down.
d) ATP and NADPH are needed.
e) Without photosystem I, photosystem II could not occur.
__ 104. The replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II come from:
a) Photosystem I
b) H2O
c) Glucose
d) O2
e) NADPH
__ 105. Which sequence accurately reflects the flow of electrons in photosynthesis?
a) Photosystem I  Photosystem II  H2O  NADP
b) Photosystem II  Photosystem I  NADP  H2O
c) H2O  Photosystem II  Photosystem I  NADP
d) Photosystem I  Photosystem II  NADP  H2O
e) H2O  Photosystem I  Photosystem II  NADP
__ 106. What is produced in photosystem II's electron transport system?
a) NADPH
b) ATP
c) glucose
d) O2
e) CO2
__ 107. Light-dependent photosynthetic reactions produce:
a) ATP, NADPH, O2
b) ATP, NADPH, CO2
c) Glucose, ATP, O2
d) Glucose, ATP, CO2
e) ATP, NADPH, H2O
__ 108. Where does the O2 released during photosynthesis come from?
a) CO2
b) H2O
c) ATP
d) C6H12O6
e) RuBP
__ 109. During the process of photosynthesis, solar energy is converted into:
a) Chemical energy
b) Heat energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Mechanical energy
e) Nuclear energy
__ 110. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis result in which of the following?
a) Oxidation of CO2
b) Reduction of H2O
c) Phosphorylation of ADP
d) Oxidation of chlorophyll
e) Oxidation of glucose
__ 111. What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
a) to maintain turgor pressure
b) to provide electrons
c) to provide oxygen
d) to provide H2
e) all of these
__ 112. Which of the following is a source of electrons used for reduction reactions by green
plants?
a) Glucose
b) CO2
c) RuBP
d) O2
e) H2O
__ 113. According to the chemiosmotic theory, during ATP synthesis, hydrogen ions cross the
thylakoid membranes from the stroma by:
a) Osmosis
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Active transport
d) Simple diffusion
e) Phosphorylation
__ 114. The energy of the movement of electrons down their concentration gradient via electron
transport within chloroplasts and mitochondria is used to generate molecules of:
a) H2O
b) CO2
c) C-H-O
d) ATP
e) O2
__ 115. The energy of the movement of electrons down a concentration gradient via electron
transport within the thylakoid membrane generates:
a) H2O
b) CO2
c) Glucose
d) O2
e) ATP
__ 116. During photosynthesis, which chemical activity specifically results in the synthesis of
molecules of ATP?
a) Photosystem II
b) Generation of NADPH
c) Splitting of a water molecule
d) Fixing of carbon
e) Synthesis of O2
__ 117. Glucose synthesis requires which of the following?
a) Sunlight must be present.
b) Products of energy-capturing reactions must be available.
c) The concentration of O2 must be significantly higher than that of CO2.
d) Mitochondria must provide energy as ATP.
e) All of the above.
__ 118. The photosystems are involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
 a) True
b) False
__ 119. Carbon dioxide is required in the light-dependent reaction.
a) True
b) False
__ 120. The carotenoids and other accessory pigments in the chloroplast help harvest light energy
toward the reaction center chlorophyll molecules.
a) True
b) False
__ 121. Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is FALSE?
a) The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.
b) Chorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy which excites electrons.
c) An electron transport chain is used to create a proton gradient.
d) The proton gradient is used to reduce NADP.
e) Some electrons are recycled and some are not.
__ 122. The NADPH required for carbon dioxide fixation is formed
a) by the reduction of oxygen.
b) by the hydrolysis of ATP.
c) during the light reactions.
d) only in C4 plants.
e) in the mitochondria.
__ 123. The primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is
a) to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
b) to produce energy-rich ATP and NADPH.
c) to produce NADPH used in respiration.
d) to convert light energy to the chemical energy of lipids.
e) to use the ATP to make glucose.
__ 124. Glucose is made
a) Light-dependent reactions only
b) Light-independent reactions only
c) Both light dependent and independent reactions
d) Cell Respiration
__ 125. CO2 is utilized
a) Light-dependent reactions only
b) Light-independent reactions only
c) Both light dependent and independent reactions
d) Cell Respiration
__ 126. ATP is required
a) Light-dependent reactions only
b) Light-independent reactions only
c) Both light dependent and independent reactions
d) Cell Respiration
__ 127. Enzymes are required
a) Light-dependent reactions only
b) Light-independent reactions only
c) Both light dependent and independent reactions
d) Cell Respiration
__ 128. Calvin-Bensen cycle
a) Light-dependent reactions only
b) Light-independent reactions only
c) Both light dependent and independent reactions
d) Cell Respiration
__ 129. Sugars are metabolized to get ATP
a) Light-dependent reactions only
b) Light-independent reactions only
c) Both light dependent and independent reactions
d) Cell Respiration
__ 130. O2 is required
a) Light-dependent reactions only
b) Light-independent reactions only
c) Both light dependent and independent reactions
d) Cell Respiration
__ 131. In C3 photosynthesis, what fixes the carbon?
a) RuBP
b) PEP
c) PGA
d) PGAL
e) ATP
__ 132. How many molecules of CO2 are fixed to form 1 molecule of glucose?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 6
d) 9
e) 12
__ 133. The term "cycle" is used to describe the light-independent reactions (Calvin-Bensen cycle)
because...
a) the same reactions occur every time.
b) CO2 is fixed in every turn of the cycle.
c) the process begins and ends with RuBP.
d) glucose is synthesized during the process.
e) the process depends on products from the light-dependent reactions.
__ 134. Where is glucose synthesized?
a) Thylakoids
b) Cytoplasm
c) Matrix
d) Stroma
e) Intermembrane compartment
__ 135. Which of the following occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
a) Water is converted into hydrogen and water.
b) Carbon dioxide is converted into sugars.
c) Chlorophyll acts as an enzyme only in the dark.
d) Nothing occurs, the plant rests in the dark.
e) None of the above.
__ 136. All of the following are part of the Calvin-Benson cycle except:
a) Carbon Fixation
 b) Synthesis of G3P
c) Generation of ATP
d) Regeneration of RuBP
e) All of the above are part of the cycle.
__ 137. Which of the following are required for the C3 cycle?
a) CO2
b) RuBP enzyme
c) ATP
d) NADPH
e) All of the above
__ 138. Which of the following provides O2 as an end product?
a) Light-dependent reaction
b) Light-independent reaction
c) Cellular respiration
d) Glycolysis
e) Phosphorylation
__ 139. In the C3 cycle, where does the carbon come from to form glucose?
a) from ATP and NADPH
b) from chlorophyll
c) from atmospheric CO2
d) from enzymes
e) from water
__ 140. What happens to CO2 when it moves into the stroma?
a) The CO2 gives up its O2.
b) It immediately passes on to the thylakoids.
c) It becomes a carbohydrate.
d) The CO2 becomes a by-product of cellular respiration.
e) It is converted to water.
__ 141. In the reduction of CO2 during C4 photosynthesis, which of the following initially combined
with CO2?
a) PGA
b) RuBP
c) PGAL
d) NADH
e) PEP
__ 142. Specifically, how is the energy derived from the breakdown of glucose initially used by
cells?
a) Phosphorylation of ADP
b) Manufacture of proteins
c) To drive photosynthesis
d) Enzyme synthesis
e) To synthesize simple sugars
__ 143. In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to
a) use ATP to release carbon dioxide.
b) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide.
c) split water and release oxygen.
d) transport glucose out of the chloroplast.
e) construct simple sugars from carbon dioxide.
__ 144. In C4 photosynthesis, where does the carbon come from to synthesize glucose?
a) from ATP and NADPH
b) from chlorophyll
c) from enzymes
d) from water
e) from atmospheric CO2
__ 145. In C4 photosynthesis, what initially fixes carbon?
a) RuBP
b) PEP
c) PGA
d) PGAL
e) ATP
__ 146. Where does one expect to find the reactions of a C4 pathway occurring in a plant such as
corn?
a) Mesophyll cells
b) Bundle-sheath cells
c) Epidermal cells
d) a and b
e) b and c
__ 147. What kind of habitat does a C4 pathway plant favor?
a) Hot and dry
b) Cool and moist
c) Totally aquatic
d) Wet and cloudy
e) Cool and dry
__ 148. Photorespiration is bad for a plant because...
a) O2 is required.
b) CO2 is synthesized.
c) RuBP is degraded.
d) glucose is synthesized.
e) no ATP is produced.
__ 149. Where does the C4 cycle get its name?
a) Only 4 carbons are used in the cycle
b) It is a 4 step process
c) 4 CO2 molecules are released
d) The first product in the cycle has 4 carbons
e) PEP is a 4-carbon molecule
__ 150. If C4 photosynthesis prevents photorespiration, why haven't all plants evolved to use the
C4 pathway?
a) All plants will evolve to be C4 in time.
b) C4 produces some toxic byproducts.
c) C4 is not advantageous in all climates.
d) Only some plants use C4 photosynthesis.
e) C4 is only advantageous in high oxygen habitats.
__ 151. When water supplies are plentiful for the plant
a) the stomata remain open.
b) the stomata will close.
c) O2 uptake will increase.
 d) CO2 release will be possible.
e) more water evaporation will occur.
__ 152. C3 plants are adapted to ________________ conditions, while C4 plants are adapted to
_____________ environmental conditions.
a) dry; wet
b) wet; dry
c) temperate; cool and rainy
d) high light; low light
e) drought; rainy
__ 153. Under dry conditions, a C4 plant is more photosynthetically efficient than a C3 plant.

__ 154. Differentiate the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis from the light-independent

reactions.

__ 155. Photosystem II generates _____________ and Photosystem I generates

______________, both of which are required by the light-dependent reactions.

__ 156. How are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions related to one another?

__ 157. What happens to the photosynthetic reactions when there is no sunlight present?

__ 158. Why does photorespiration reduce photosynthesis efficiency?

__ 159. What is photorespiration? Describe how C4 plants have evolved the ability to reduce
photorespiration.

__ 160. The dinosaurs died off from a lack of sunlight. What does this statement imply about the
extinction of the dinosaurs.

__ 161. The combination of oxygen with RuPB during the light-independent reactions, rather than
carbon dioxide, is called __________.

__ 162. Some plants, called the __________ plants, have evolved a way to reduce
photorespiration.

__ 163. During the process of ______________, RuBP combines with oxygen instead of carbon
dioxide.

__ 164. In C3 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplasts of _____________ cells, but in C 4
plants the cycle occurs in the ______________ cells.

__ 165. Many plants have evolved leaves that have adjustable pores, called ___________, which
allow for gas exchange and water loss.

__ 166. Give the formula for photosynthesis. For each reactant, indicate where the plant acquires
 it. For each product, note during what part of photosynthesis it is produced.

__ 167. List the three major reactants required for photosynthesis to occur and list a plant
adaptation to provide for these reactants to come together to produce glucose.

__ 168. Light dependent reactions occur in the ____________________ and light independent
reactions occur in the _________________ of the chloroplast of a typical mesophyll leaf cell.

__ 169. The cells in the ________________ layer of the leaf contain the majority of a leaf's
chloroplasts.

__ 170. The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into __________ energy stored in
the bonds of glucose and oxygen.

__ 171. __________ is the main light-capturing molecule in chloroplasts and is responsible for
giving most leaves their characteristic green color.

__ 172. What are the three reactants required for photosynthesis?

__ 173. What is the role of the green pigment chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

__ 174. In the process of photosynthesis, _________ and __________ are required from the light
dependent reactions to completely reduce carbon dioxide to glucose in the Calvin cycle.

__ 175. During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the synthesis of ___________ is

coupled to the diffusion of protons.

__ 176. Describe the two major component of a photosystem. What is the function of each?

__ 177. Light harvesting pigments in the chloroplast include chlorophyll and the accessory
pigments ________________ and __________________.

__ 178. The ___________________ is composed of a light-harvesting complex and an electron

transport system.

__ 179. Why is no glucose produced if a plant is kept in the dark, even though the sugar
producing reactions are called light-independent?

__ 180. Is glucose a direct product of the Calvin-Benson cycle reactions?

__ 181. Which component of the Calvin-Benson cycle is recycled and why is this important for the
light-independent reactions?