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    Strength of Materials-I: Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur, Ajk

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    ata subhani
    The document is a lecture on fundamentals of stress, strain, and axial loadings. It discusses the general 3D state of stress at a point using a cube to represent stress distributions on three mutually perpendicular planes. It defines two-dimensional or plane stress assumptions and shear stress. Shear stress is defined as the force per unit area parallel to the shear cut. Pure shear is described as a state where the only non-zero stresses are the shear stresses, which are equal in magnitude. The document provides examples of shear stress and strain and concludes with practice problems and a worksheet for students.

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    Strength of Materials-I: Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur, Ajk

    Uploaded by

    ata subhani
    33 views25 pages
    The document is a lecture on fundamentals of stress, strain, and axial loadings. It discusses the general 3D state of stress at a point using a cube to represent stress distributions on three mutually perpendicular planes. It defines two-dimensional or plane stress assumptions and shear stress. Shear stress is defined as the force per unit area parallel to the shear cut. Pure shear is described as a state where the only non-zero stresses are the shear stresses, which are equal in magnitude. The document provides examples of shear stress and strain and concludes with practice problems and a worksheet for students.

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    Module 3 - Copy

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    The document is a lecture on fundamentals of stress, strain, and axial loadings. It discusses the general 3D state of stress at a point using a cube to represent stress distributions on three mutually perpendicular planes. It defines two-dimensional or plane stress assumptions and shear stress. Shear stress is defined as the force per unit area parallel to the shear cut. Pure shear is described as a state where the only non-zero stresses are the shear stresses, which are equal in magnitude. The document provides examples of shear stress and strain and concludes with practice problems and a worksheet for students.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views25 pages

    Strength of Materials-I: Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur, Ajk

    Uploaded by

    ata subhani
    The document is a lecture on fundamentals of stress, strain, and axial loadings. It discusses the general 3D state of stress at a point using a cube to represent stress distributions on three mutually perpendicular planes. It defines two-dimensional or plane stress assumptions and shear stress. Shear stress is defined as the force per unit area parallel to the shear cut. Pure shear is described as a state where the only non-zero stresses are the shear stresses, which are equal in magnitude. The document provides examples of shear stress and strain and concludes with practice problems and a worksheet for students.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

    TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR , AJK

    Strength of Materials-I
    CIV-2338

    Week 4

    Module [03]

    Fundamentals of Stress, Strain and Axial loadings (continued)

    Dr. Babar Nasim Khan Raja


    Department of Civil Engineering
    Learning Outcomes

    • Define the state of stress for at a point in three


    dimensions (3D)
    • Define the sign convention for the state of stress at a point
    in 3D
    • Define Two-Dimensional (2D) or Plane Stress
    • Define/Discuss Shear Stress
    • Define/Discuss 2D Pure Shear
    • Problems Solution

    SOM-1 2
    General 3D State of Stress at a Point
    Arbitrarily Loaded Member

    • For more complicated structural members , the


    stress distributions may not be uniform on
    arbitrary planes
    • For an infinitesimally small point, the stress
    distribution approaches uniformity
    • An infinite number or planes can be passed
    through each point.
    • But, it can be shown that three mutually
    perpendicular planes is sufficient to completely
    describe the state of stress at any point for any
    orientation. (Hence we will use a cube to
    represent the state of stress at a point.)

    SOM-1 3
    3D State of Stress at a Point

    (shown in positive sign convention)


    SOM-1 4
    3D State of Stress at a Point

    • Stress is a tensor
    • A tensor represents a physical/geometric
    property/quantity by a mathematical
    idealization of an array of numbers

    SOM-1 5
    3D State of Stress at a Point

    By equilibrium:

    d + ෍ 𝑀𝑍

    𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
    Z 𝜎𝑌 𝐴
    2
    − 𝜎𝑌 𝐴
    2
    − 𝜎𝑥 𝐴
    2
    + 𝜎𝑥 𝐴
    2
    + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝐴 𝑑 − 𝜏𝑦𝑥 𝐴 𝑑= 0
    d

    d 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥

    SOM-1 6
    3D State of Stress at a Point

    SOM-1 7
    2D State of Stress at a Point

    For Two-Dimensional (2D) or Plane


    Stress, all out of plane stresses are zero

    SOM-1 8
    2D State of Stress at a Point

    All real world stress situations are


    three dimensional, but the plane
    stress assumption can simplify the
    analysis without significantly
    affecting the results. A common
    example when plane stress might
    be used is the analysis of thin
    plates such as the skin panels on
    aircraft wings.
    SOM-1 9
    Shear Stress/ 2D Pure Shear

    Stresses

    Internal Evaluate
    Engineering External
    Forces and Structural
    Structures Forces
    Moments Performance

    Strains

    SOM-1 10
    Shear Stress/ 2D Pure Shear

    Bolt failure under single shear

    Shear Stress:
    Force per unit area parallel to the shear cut

    𝑉
    𝜏=
    𝐴
    SOM-1 11
    Shear Stress/ 2D Pure Shear

    2D Pure Shear

    𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 𝜏

    SOM-1 12
    Shear Strain

    Change in the angle between perpendicular


    reference axes; Angular Distortion (Shear
    Distortion)

    Sign conventions:
    Positive shear stresses cause positive shear
    strain and negative shear stresses cause
    negative shear strain

    A shear stress acting on a positive face of an element is positive if it


    acts in the positive direction of one of the coordinate axes and
    negative if it acts in the negative direction of an axis. A shear stress
    acting on a negative face of an element is positive if it acts in the
    negative direction of an axis and negative if it acts in a positive
    direction.
    SOM-1 13
    Problems Solution

    SOM-1 14
    Problems Solution

    SOM-1 15
    Problems Solution

    SOM-1 16
    Problems Solution

    SOM-1 17
    Problems Solution

    SOM-1 18
    Problems Solution

    SOM-1 19
    Problems Solution

    SOM-1 20
    Worksheet

    SOM-1 21
    Worksheet

    SOM-1 22
    Worksheet

    SOM-1 23
    Worksheet

    SOM-1 24
    THANKS

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