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    Eyes and Ears

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    Apple Abriam
    The document discusses the key structures and functions of the eye and ear. It describes the major parts of the eye, including the sclera, cornea, choroid layer, retina and lenses. It also outlines the structures of the external, middle and inner ear, explaining how sound waves are transferred through the outer ear canal, tympanic membrane and three bones of the middle ear to the cochlea of the inner ear. Additionally, it mentions the eye and ear are responsible for vision, hearing and maintaining equilibrium through specialized sensory receptors.

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    Eyes and Ears

    Uploaded by

    Apple Abriam
    43 views3 pages
    The document discusses the key structures and functions of the eye and ear. It describes the major parts of the eye, including the sclera, cornea, choroid layer, retina and lenses. It also outlines the structures of the external, middle and inner ear, explaining how sound waves are transferred through the outer ear canal, tympanic membrane and three bones of the middle ear to the cochlea of the inner ear. Additionally, it mentions the eye and ear are responsible for vision, hearing and maintaining equilibrium through specialized sensory receptors.

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    The document discusses the key structures and functions of the eye and ear. It describes the major parts of the eye, including the sclera, cornea, choroid layer, retina and lenses. It also outlines the structures of the external, middle and inner ear, explaining how sound waves are transferred through the outer ear canal, tympanic membrane and three bones of the middle ear to the cochlea of the inner ear. Additionally, it mentions the eye and ear are responsible for vision, hearing and maintaining equilibrium through specialized sensory receptors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    43 views3 pages

    Eyes and Ears

    Uploaded by

    Apple Abriam
    The document discusses the key structures and functions of the eye and ear. It describes the major parts of the eye, including the sclera, cornea, choroid layer, retina and lenses. It also outlines the structures of the external, middle and inner ear, explaining how sound waves are transferred through the outer ear canal, tympanic membrane and three bones of the middle ear to the cochlea of the inner ear. Additionally, it mentions the eye and ear are responsible for vision, hearing and maintaining equilibrium through specialized sensory receptors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    THE SENSES

    GENERAL SENSES OF TOUCH


    - temperature
    - pressure
    - pain
    SPECIAL SENSES
    - smell
    - taste
    - sight
    - hearing
    - equilibrium

    EYE AND VISION


    - 70 percent of all sensory receptors
    - has over one million nerve fibers
    - most of the eye is enclosed in a bony orbit
    - a fat cushions surrounds the eye

    EYELIDS
    - meets the medial and lateral canthus

    EYELASHES
    - filter mechanism of the eye
    - has sebacious glands that produce and oily secretion to lubricate the eye

    CILIARY GLANDS
    - modefied sweat glands between the eyelashes

    CONJUNCTIVA
    - membrane that lines the eyelids
    - connects to the surface of the eye
    - secretes mucus to lubricate the eye

    LACRIMAL APPARATUS
    - tear glands
    - it has canals

    EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES


    - muscles attach to the eye

    STRUCTURE OF THE EYE


    - the wall is composed of three tunics

    THE FIBROUS TUNIC


    SCLERA
    - fibrous outside
    - white connective tissue
    - white part of eye

    CORNEA
    - transparent
    - central anterior portion
    - allows for light to pass through
    - repairs itself easily

    CHORIOD LAYER
    - blood-rich nutritive tunic
    - pigment prevents light from scattering
    modefied inferiorly into two structure
    * ciliary (smooth muscle)
    * iris (pigment layer that gives eye color)
    * pupil (rounded opening in the iris)

    SENSORY TUNIC (retina)


    - contains receptors cells (photoreceptors)
    * rods
    * cones
    - signals from photoreceptors and leave the retina toward the brain through optic
    nerve

    LENSES
    - biconvex crystal-like structure
    - held in place by a suspensory ligament attached to the ciliary body

    INTERNAL EYE CHAMBER FLUIDS


    - aqueous humor in anterior segment
    - watery fluid found in chamber between lens and cornea
    - similar to blood plasma

    VITREOUS EYE CHAMBER


    - located behind the lens and in front of the optic nerve
    - gel-like substance called vitreous humor

    THE EARS
    - houses two senses
    * hearing
    * equilibrium
    - divided into three areas
    * OUTER
    * MIDDLE EAR
    * INNER EAR

    THE EXTERNAL EAR


    -involved in hearing only

    STRUCTURE OF EXTERNAL EAR


    - pinna (auricle)
    - external auditory canal

    THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL


    - narrow chamber in temporal bone
    - lined with skin
    - ceruminous (wax) glands are present

    MIDDLE EAR OR TYMPANIC CAVITY


    - two tubes are associated with the inner ear
    - the opening from auditory canal is covered by the tympanic membrane
    - connecting the middle ear with the throat
    - allows for equilizing pressure during yawning or swallowing
    - this tube is otherwise collapsed

    BONES OF THE TYMPANIC CAVITY

    THREE BONES SPAN CAVTY


    - malleus(hammer)
    - incus (anvil)
    - stapes (stirrup)
    - vibration from eardrum move the malleus
    - these bones transfer sound to the inner ear

    INNER EAR OR BONY LABYRINTH


    - includes sense organs for hearing and balance
    - filled with perilymph
    - maze of bony chambers within the temporal bone
    * cochlea
    * vestibule
    * semicircular canals

    MECHANISM OF HEARING
    - vibration from sound waves

    ORGANS OF EQUILIBRIUM
    - has two functional parts

    STATIC
    - senses of gravity at rest

    DYNAMIC
    - angular and rotary head movements

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