Walc 9

WALC™ 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning
Workbook of Activities for Language and Cognition
by Kathryn J. Tomlin
Skills Ages
verbal and visual reasoning 16 and up
thought organization
convergent reasoning
logic
Grades
insight high school and up
integration
inferencing
visual perception
Evidence-Based Practice
According to the Clinical Guidelines of The Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists
(www.rcslt.org/resources, 2005) and the National Stroke Association (2006), the following therapy
principles are supported:
Communication, both verbal and nonverbal, is a fundamental human need. Meeting this need
by facilitating and enhancing communication in any form can be vital to a patient’s well-being.
Therapy should include tasks that focus on semantic processing, including semantic cueing
of spoken output, semantic judgments, categorization, and word-to-picture matching.
Therapy may target the comprehension and production of complex, as well as simple,
sentence forms.
Therapy should be conducted within natural communication environments.
Rehabilitation is an important part of recovering from a stroke, and the goal is to regain
as much independence as possible.
This book incorporates the above principles and is also based on expert professional practice.
Copyright © 2007 LinguiSystems, Inc.
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our authors. You may only copy the client materials needed
for your own use. Any other reproduction or distribution of
LinguiSystems, Inc. the pages in this book is prohibited, including copying the
3100 4th Avenue entire book to use as another source or “master” copy.
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Phone: 800-776-4332
E-mail: service@linguisystems.com Printed in the U.S.A.
Web: linguisystems.com ISBN 978-0-7606-0750-3
About the Author
Kathryn J. Tomlin, M.S., CCC-SLP, has been a speech-language

pathologist in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and long-term care
facilities for over 25 years. Her materials, developed while working
with clients, have evolved over the years. She has authored many
materials with LinguiSystems over the last 20 years. Some of her
works include:
The Source for Apraxia Therapy

WALC (Workbook of Activities for Language and Cognition) Series—
• WALC 1: Aphasia Rehab (English and Spanish versions)
• WALC 2: Cognitive Rehab (English and Spanish versions)
• WALC 8: Word Finding
• WALC 10: Memory
Kathy and her therapy dog, Zanmi
• WALC 11: Language for Home Activities
Zanmi, Kathy’s Samoyed, goes to work with her to encourage

clients. Her clients enjoy feeding and spending time with Zanmi,
and Zanmi enjoys their company. Everybody wins!
Dedication
This book is dedicated to the “Peanut Gallery” at Liberty Nursing & Rehabilitation Center:
Kathy Kattner, Hollie Gower, Alison Parker, Lois Steward, Dawn Villanova, Lisa Yerger,
Jennifer Klembara, Liz Buresh, Kim Sturm, and Gail Combs. I am most grateful for your
input on these exercises and during my therapy sessions. Believe it or not, I am listening
to your input more than I will ever let you know. You’re the best!
Edited by Lauri Whiskeyman

Cover Design by Jason Platt
Illustrations by Margaret Warner
Page Layout by Lisa Parker
Table of Contents
X Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
X Verbal Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Emotions and Personal Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Emotions—Describing Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Situations—Labeling Emotions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Problem Solving—Missing Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Opinions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Self-Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Self-Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Family Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Wishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Employment Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Friendship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
The Perfect Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Ten Enjoyable Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Activity Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Conversation Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Idioms and Proverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Expression Completion and Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Missing Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Mixed-Up Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Expression Interpretation—Literal and Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Matching Proverbs to Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Categorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Naming Objects by Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Description—One Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Description and Comparison—Two Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Which Does Not Belong? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
General Category Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Subcategory Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Specific Member Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Categorization Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Categorization in Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
WALC 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning 3 Copyright © 2007 LinguiSystems, Inc.

Table of Contents, continued
Convergent Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Fact/Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Negative True/False Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Increasing Word Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Diagrams with Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Diagrams Without Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Anagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Anagrams in Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Symbol Substitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Change One Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Change One Letter—Create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Numbers and General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Double Meaning Deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Deduction Puzzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Roman Numeral Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Deduction by Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Word Search—Opposites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Logic Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Word Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Build the Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Combined Associated Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Separating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Numerical Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Acrostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Describe Without Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Advertisements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Completing Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Analogies—Complete the Second Half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Analogies—Complete the First Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Paragraph Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Story Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Table of Contents, continued
X Visual Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Visual Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Picture Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Figural Analogies—One Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Figural Analogies—Two Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Figural Analogies—Three Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Drawing Analogy Pairs—One Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Drawing Analogy Pairs—Two Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Visual Figure-Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Locating Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Embedded Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Visual Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Figural Sequences—One Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Figural Sequences—Two Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Figural Sequences—Three Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Figural Sequences—Varying Number of Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Connect the Dots—Alphabetical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Connect the Dots—Numerical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Connect the Dots—Alternating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Connect the Dots—Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Visual Closure and Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Mirror Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Figural Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Differences Between Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Picture Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Picture Incongruities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Directions—Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Draw Figure to Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Floor Plan Sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
X Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
X Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Introduction
Being able to reason with verbal and visual information is an integral part of how we communicate,
problem solve, make decisions, and achieve success in relationships with others. The tasks in
WALC 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning address multiple levels of reasoning in a wide variety of
exercises. This is to improve your client’s ability to reason flexibly and to expand his ability to
identify, analyze, and modify information. Having a large repertoire of verbal and visual reasoning
abilities will help your client determine the effectiveness of his own responses plus analyze what
is being said to him or presented to him in written or graphic form.
WALC 9 was written to provide stimulus materials for verbal and visual reasoning when working
with clients who are neurologically impaired. The tasks in this book, developed while working
with a wide variety of clients, have evolved and have been perfected over the years. The tasks
will stimulate your client’s ability to reason while tapping into many facets of cognitive-linguistic
communication. He will use pre-existing skills (i.e., previously learned visual and verbal content
and processes already established in a client’s cognitive system) to help him link or associate
information as a basis for solving the challenging, integrative tasks.
Verbal and visual reasoning tasks are the main focus of this book, however many processes
are addressed in each task, including the following.
• Thought Organization
Most of the tasks in this book involve organization of thought (e.g., strategies that
require your client to determine a relationship or process and carry that pattern over to
successfully complete similar tasks). Being able to think in a logical, organized manner
will improve your client’s ability to reason.
• Convergent Reasoning
Being able to think convergently will help your client stay on topic as he zeroes in on a
response using information given (e.g., answering logic questions).
• Logic
When a person has difficulty with reasoning, his line of logical thinking can become
tangential and/or completely unrelated. The tasks in this book are designed to present
information in a logical manner in such a way as to stimulate logical thought for solving the
tasks correctly. The patterns will become established in your client’s cognitive abilities and
the process will transfer to problem solving for various situations and activities in daily life.
• Insight
Being able to determine if your actions or responses are appropriate is a skill that is
necessary for successful reasoning. The tasks in this book are designed to give your
client insight into why a response may be wrong and to use that insight to try again and/or
to understand the correct answer. Your client’s insight will improve when he successfully
completes a task or when he analyzes an answer’s correctness by comparing it to the
responses in the answer key.

Introduction, continued
• Integration
Every person has a preexisting knowledge base and reasoning style. As we go through
each day, it is important to perceive new information and to integrate salient information
into our patterns of thinking. Frequently someone who has a neurological impairment
will be very reluctant to integrate new information. The tasks in this book are designed to
stimulate the need for integration of new information in order to be successful in answering
questions or solving tasks.
• Inferencing
Many of the tasks in this book involve the skill of being able to make an inference.
Effective reasoning can only occur if your client is able to read between the lines when
listening to verbal information or to make the correct judgment when interpreting visual
information.
• Visual Perception
For your client’s reasoning abilities to be effective, it is important that he visually
perceives information in the correct manner. If something is perceived incorrectly, then
problem solving, deduction, and reasoning will be negatively affected. The tasks in this
book provide various levels of visual stimuli (e.g., shapes, figures, pictures) to improve
your client’s ability to see visual stimuli correctly and to make the correct interpretation
of the material.
Verbal and visual reasoning skills can be compromised if your client has poor conversation
skills. It is important that a person is able to receive all necessary input and to share what
he feels he is having difficulty with. The tasks in the conversation skills section of the book
insure that your client is receiving information accurately, utilizing nonverbal information to
aid reasoning, balancing speaker/listener skills, answering questions effectively, and verbally
expressing himself in an effective manner.
Many of the tasks in this book involve working with words, so as your client progresses through
the book, his vocabulary will improve. A broad vocabulary can assist with reasoning skills.
Suggestions for Use
1. Initially, the majority of these exercises will be difficult. Keep in mind that you’re aiding the
client in developing different thinking processes as opposed to striving for 100% accuracy.
It’s strongly suggested that you familiarize yourself with each exercise so you can help the
client throughout the training period before expecting the client to complete the exercise
independently. Be prepared to give cues or even the answers to stimulate the client’s
learning abilities.
2. Reassure your client that it’s not as important for him to answer each item as it is for him
to be able to utilize strategies for solving the items within a task.

Introduction, continued
3. Determine the appropriateness of responses based on the client’s current level of

cognitive functioning. Consider shaping approximations over successive trials or
sessions. Emphasize enjoyment in the challenge rather than accuracy.
4. These exercises can be used in individual or group situations. In group situations,

clients can work together to solve the problems or take turns providing answers, thus
giving each other valuable feedback. Encourage the client to work with his family on
the exercises.
5. The exercises may be used for stimulus of intentional memory strategies. When it’s
necessary for you to provide an answer, explain to the client that you’ll be asking him
to later recall the answer and to intentionally code the answer. If necessary, aid the
client’s coding by providing him with auditory or visual strategies he may use, depending
on his strongest method for coding input.
6. These exercises can also be used to stimulate incidental memory strategies. At the end
of a task, ask the client to recall methods he used, the format of the task, or salient content
that was provided. If you do this consistently, the client will begin to anticipate what you
may ask for, thus indirectly providing practice with the automatic use of memory strategies.
7. As the client learns the strategies or processes necessary for solving the tasks, the level
of difficulty can be increased by asking the client to create similar items for you to solve.
This gives him the chance to create and be flexible. This experience can be challenging
and enjoyable for both you and your client. The client will learn much from this creative
process.
8. The exercises are not for testing purposes. Try to make them as enjoyable as possible.
Talking about specific task items will help your client improve his ability to identify, create,
and modify strategies.
9. The answers in the Answer Key are provided as a reference. There are times when
items have multiple answers even if only one is listed. Accept other, appropriate answers
as correct.
WALC 9 provides a wide variety of thinking and reasoning stimulus materials. Share WALC 9
with the client’s family to establish the importance of improving communication outside of the
therapy setting. As you use these exercises, it’s my hope that you’ll discover the unending uses
for and versatility of these tasks.
May you enjoy the adventure of working with language and cognitive communication skills as
much as I do.
Kathy

Verbal Reasoning
Verbal reasoning is a key element when communicating with others, solving problems, and
making decisions. For effective verbal reasoning, a client needs to think logically, offer insight
into whether something is right or wrong, integrate new information, and make inferences.
The tasks in this section address multiple levels of verbal reasoning to improve your client’s
ability to think flexibly and to analyze information. Even though many of the tasks may be
challenging for your client, they provide ample opportunity for discussion, which will further
help your client improve his reasoning abilities. The skills your client uses when completing
the activities in this section will improve his reasoning abilities in his daily life.
Emotions and Personal Situations
The tasks on pages 11-35 include activities on emotions, personal situations, and
conversation skills. As your client works with these tasks, he will expand and improve
his verbal reasoning skills.
When a client has had a change in his brain function, the ability to perceive, interpret, and
respond to emotions is frequently impaired. His world tends to get limited to three emotions
(happy, sad and angry) and he loses the ability to determine how changes in situations affect
people’s actions and responses. In personal situations, he may have difficulty seeing beyond
the obvious. The tasks in this section will aid your client in reestablishing his repertoire of
emotions and problem-solving skills and help him improve his ability to look beyond himself
in various situations. At times, the tasks will apply directly to him. Other components of
the tasks will require him to focus on other people or situations. The tasks are formatted
to improve organization and to provide a structure for reorganizing personal information.
Impairment in verbal reasoning can have a negative impact on a client’s ability to converse
effectively. The conversation tasks are designed to help bring your client’s skills back into
balance. This way, he can receive all necessary information for effective reasoning and ask
for clarifying information or discuss the processes he is relearning or needs help relearning.
Effective verbal reasoning requires balanced speaker-listener skills, being able to converse
in an organized manner, being able to interpret verbal and nonverbal information, being able
to attend over time, and asking questions in order to insure all salient information has been
received.
Your client’s verbal reasoning skills will be negatively affected if he cannot identify emotional
content, look beyond himself or the concrete nature of objects, or utilize effective conversation
skills. These tasks will help in the identification of stimuli so that he can verbally reason
effectively to determine a course of action or participate effectively in communication.
Verbal Reasoning—Emotions and Personal Situations

Emotions—Describing Situations
Describe situations in which a person would feel these ways.
1. happy 21. expectant
2. enthusiastic 22. irritated
3. enraged 23. kind
4. amazed 24. confident
5. nervous 25. angry
6. embarrassed 26. satisfied
7. panicked 27. disappointed
8. sad 28. sympathetic
9. relieved 29. neglected
10. scared 30. impressed
11. lonely 31. helpless
12. brave 32. silly
13. anxious 33. cheated
14. bored 34. weary
15. depressed 35. joyful
16. disgusted 36. lucky
17. contented 37. empathetic
18. ashamed 38. excited
19. confused 39. hopeful
20. worried 40. refreshed

Situations—Labeling Emotions
Tell how the person or people would feel in each situation. Do not use the feelings
happy, sad, or angry.
1. a child at a circus
2. a wife whose husband just died
3. a runner before a race
4. someone graduating from high school or college
5. an adolescent whose parents said he could not go out with his friends on a
weekend night
6. a spectator whose football team just scored a touchdown
7. an officer leading his men into battle
8. a person who has no friends and nowhere to go
9. a soon-to-be father whose wife is in labor
10. a babysitter who hears noises outside
11. parents who just received word that their child was in a car accident
12. a person trapped in an elevator
13. someone who told a lie and was found out
14. a baby who is dry, was just fed, and is being held by his mother
15. a person at a job interview
16. the winner of a million dollar lottery
17. a person who has difficulty remembering names and events
18. a person listening to a two-hour lecture on something he is not interested in
19. a mother whose children are grown up and have moved away
20. a family relocating to another state

Consequences
Tell what can happen in each situation.
1. being unsanitary
2. forgetting to pay your bills
3. a hit-and-run accident
4. having an immature babysitter
5. not keeping up with car maintenance
6. not locking the car
7. following peer pressure
8. overusing credit cards
9. too many people in one area
10. not trying on clothes before you buy them
11. speeding
12. a child in competitive sports
13. not being immunized
14. children playing with matches
15. taking pictures of a group
16. talking on the phone while dinner is cooking
17. drinking and driving
18. not locking the doors of your residence
19. not getting yearly checkups
20. lying

Causes
Tell what could cause each event.
1. a river overflowing
2. a friend refusing to talk to you
3. being stranded in your house
4. divorce
5. receiving a phone call at three o’clock in the morning
6. a car needing mechanical work
7. a chair needing reupholstering
8. getting a phone call from a friend
9. a bounced check
10. a flat tire
11. becoming a millionaire
12. going to the dentist
13. a dog barking
14. wearing a hat
15. the circuit breaker tripping
16. a house catching on fire
17. a child running away from home
18. a country going to war
19. being stopped by a police officer
20. needing a prescription filled

Problem Solving—Missing Equipment
Solve these problems. Assume that you have access to other objects.
1. You need to change a ceiling light, but you do not have a ladder.
2. You locked your keys in the car and do not have a spare set.
3. You have to remove a screw, but you do not have a screwdriver.
4. There is something on fire in the oven, and you do not have a fire extinguisher.
5. You have to tie up tomato plants, but you do not have any stakes.
6. You have to prop a door open, but you do not have a wedge.
7. You have to cross a creek, but there is no bridge.
8. The zipper breaks on your pants, and you do not have a pin.
9. You need to cut paper in half, but you do not have any scissors.
10. You go to get a drink, but there are no cups.
11. Your filing cabinet is locked, and you have lost the key.
12. You need to open a can, but you do not have a can opener.
13. You need to copy a report, but the copy machine is broken.
14. You are in a hotel and need to hang up your clothes, but there are no hangers.
15. Your child cannot reach the table, and you do not have a high chair.
16. You need to join five pieces of paper together, but you do not have a stapler.
17. You want to cover a table, but you do not have a tablecloth.
18. You are camping and have to keep your food cold, but you do not have ice or
a cooler.
19. You need to remove a heavy-duty staple from a shipping box, but you do not
have a staple remover.
20. You need a light in the woods, but you do not have a flashlight.

Problem Solving—Missing Equipment
Solve these problems. Assume that you have access to other objects.
1. You need to carry water, but you do not have a bucket.
2. You need to stir a can of paint, but you do not have a stirrer.
3. You need to get something out from under a piece of furniture that you
cannot lift, and you cannot reach it with your hand.
4. You need to remove a cork from a bottle, but you do not have a corkscrew.
5. You need to carry several objects, but you do not have a bag.
6. You need to walk your dog, but you do not have a leash.
7. You need to start a fire, but you do not have a match.
8. You need to remove paint from a window pane, but you do not have
paint remover.
9. You need to open a padlock, but you do not have the key.
10. You need to trim bushes, but you do not have shears.
11. You want to play football, but you do not have a football.
12. You want to prevent a door from opening, but you do not have a lock.
13. You want to block the sun from coming in a window, but you do not
have curtains.
14. You want to burn a candle, but you do not have a candle holder.
15. You want to go fishing, but you do not have a pole.
16. You want to cover a can, but you do not have a lid.
17. You need to draw a straight line, but you do not have a ruler.
18. You want to draw a circle, but you do not have a compass.
19. You want to keep dry in the rain, but you do not have an umbrella.
20. You want to eliminate a pen mark, but you do not have an eraser.

Opinions
Give your opinion about the following topics. All opinions are accepted.
1. smoking 21. welfare
2. divorce 22. hospitalization
3. men doing housework 23. competitive sports
4. integrated schools 24. the stock market
5. factory work 25. common-law marriage
6. charge cards 26. the draft
7. holidays 27. guns
8. television 28. designated smoking areas
9. hobbies 29. airline travel
10. newspapers 30. jogging
11. gambling 31. abortion
12. restaurants 32. illegal drugs
13. friendship 33. a woman president
14. unemployment compensation 34. wearing seatbelts
15. public schools 35. capital punishment
16. politics 36. working the night shift
17. life insurance 37. country living
18. speed limits 38. child abuse
19. car racing 39. raising children
20. religion 40. rock music

Self-Concept
Follow the directions or answer the questions.
1. List ten words that describe yourself.
2. List ten words that describe each of your family members.
3. How do you spend your free time?
4. What are your goals five years from now? in 10 years? in 20 years?
5. List the qualities of people you admire.
6. What are your favorite sports and hobbies?
7. What is your favorite TV show? Favorite movie?
8. What values are very important to you?
9. How would your parents have described you as a child?
10. What is your favorite possession?

Self-Analysis
Follow these directions regarding information about yourself.
1. List three characteristics about yourself that you admire.
A.
B.
C.
2. List three characteristics about yourself that you do not admire.
A.
B.
C.
3. Explain how you could change the qualities that you do not admire.
A.
B.
C.

Family Interaction
Follow these directions regarding information about your family.
1. Describe your family’s greatest achievement.
2. Describe one specific thing about each member in your family.
3. Name three things your family enjoys doing together.
4. Name one thing your family could do to improve life at home.
5. Name three ways your family makes you feel happy.
6. Name three things you do for your family.
7. Name three things your family does for you.

Wishes
Write four wishes you would like to have come true for yourself. Then write four
wishes for four other people you know.
Yourself
1.
2.
3.
4.
Person 1: _____________________________
1.
2.
3.
4.
Person 2: _____________________________
1.
2
3.
4.
Person 3: _____________________________
1.
2.
3.
4.
Person 4: _____________________________
1.
2.
3.
4.

Employment Analysis
List the skills needed for the type of job you want. Determine what areas you must
work on to fulfill the responsibilities for the job.
1. Health and Physical Skills Needed: (coordination, fine and gross motor skills,
stamina, strength, speed, visual skills, health status, etc.)
2. Intellectual Skills Needed: (ability to learn new information, reading and writing
skills, problem solving skills, memory, attention span, ability to follow instructions,
independence, etc.)
3. Interpersonal Skills Needed: (ability to follow and lead, cooperation, self-control,

politeness, personal appearance, level of independence, etc.)
4. Self-Management Skills Needed: (seeking assistance, detecting problems,

prioritizing, managing time, persistence, maintaining motivation, etc.)

Friendship
Answer the following questions.
1. Tell how you and your friends are alike.
2. Tell how you and your friends are different.
3. What qualities are important for a friend to possess?
4. How would you tell a friend that there is something about his/her personality
you do not like?
5. If your friends were doing something that you did not wish to be involved in,
how would you tell them?
6. Apply this expression to friendship: “Birds of a feather flock together.”
7. Apply this expression to friendship: “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
8. Apply this expression to friendship: “Opposites attract.”
9. Explain why a friendship between you and someone else ended.
10. Discuss the positive and negative qualities of your best friend.

The Perfect Day
Use your imagination to plan the perfect day.
1. Where will it take place?
2. When will it happen?
3. What will the weather be?
4. Who else will be involved?
5. What will you do?
6. What equipment will you need?
7. What food will you need?
8. How will you get there?
9. What clothing will you wear?
10. How will you end the day?

Ten Enjoyable Activities
List 10 things you like to do. Then state how much each activity costs and when you
last did it.
Activity Cost When I last did it
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Activity Goals
Plan four activities using this organization guide.
What I What I Other people Things Completion

want to do will need involved that have date
to be done
1.
2.
3.
4.

Conversation Skills—Speaker-Listener
Being a good listener is as important as being a good speaker. When you talk with
others, you’ll usually listen more than you speak. Here are a few things to remember
to do and not to do.
Do:
Pay close attention to the speaker.
Watch the speaker’s body language.
Listen to the speaker’s tone of voice.
Don’t:
Think about something else instead of listening.
Ignore the listener to think about what you’ll say next.
Anticipate too quickly and jump to conclusions.
Let what you think “twist” the speaker’s words into
something different from what he’s really saying.
Mark these as True or False.
1. ______ Listening is just as important as speaking.
2. ______ You show good judgment when you decide in advance what someone
is saying and then tune him out.
3. ______ Your ability to learn is improved when you use good listening skills.
4. ______ Poor eye contact may make the speaker think you aren’t listening to
what she’s saying.
5. ______ Listening involves much more than just hearing the speaker’s words.
6. ______ When the speaker pauses for a breath, it’s a good time to jump in and
say what you’re thinking.
7. ______ It’s okay to let your mind wander, as long as you return your attention
to the speaker before he’s finished.
8. ______ In the middle of a conversation, it’s important that your comments relate
to what the speaker is saying.
9. ______ Watching someone’s eyes, body posture, and expressions can give you
important information on how well he’s listening to you.

Conversation Skills—Get to the Point
When you’re speaking with someone, get to the point and stay with the point you are
trying to make. Leave out things that aren’t important to include. After you’ve made
your point, stop talking and don’t ramble on.
Indicate whether each speaker Rambles or Gets to the point.
Gets to
Rambles the point
1. _______ _______ I know it was last week that I went to the state fair.
I know it because it was after I talked to you on the
phone. The weather was nice, and the exhibits were
interesting. I went to the state fair last year too. Have
you ever gone to the state fair? Marge and I spent a
lot of time at the exhibits last Tuesday.
2. _______ _______ Last night I watched a comedy show. It was really

funny. The older daughter came home with her new
husband, and they got together with each of their
families. It was funny to watch them meet one another.
3. _______ _______ Last night I watched a comedy show. It was really

funny. I liked it better than the one that came on
just before it. The show has a new beginning now.
It seems longer than the old one. I don’t really know,
but it was really funny to see the daughter come
home with her new husband. Did you watch it?
4. _______ _______ I just returned from the grocery store. I saw Melvin in
the parking lot. He was loading cartons into his trunk.
I ate at the deli. Sara was there too. Then I went to
the bank.
5. _______ _______ I just got back from doing errands. I’m exhausted.
I went to the grocery store, ate at the deli, and then
went to the bank. I like to get out and get things
done, but sometimes it really wears me out.

Conversation Skills—Inclusion
Remember to include other people in conversations. To leave someone out can make
that person feel like an outsider. Here are some things to help you include people in
your conversations.
Do:
Make an effort to reach out to everyone in the group.
Be respectful of each person.
Make eye contact with each person in the group.
Be aware of each person’s responses to what you say.
Don’t:
Ignore anyone in the group.
Pay attention to only certain people in the group.
Address your comments to only one person.
Are these speakers Including or Excluding others?
Including Excluding
1. _______ _______ Come over here a minute so I can whisper something

to you without anyone else hearing.
2. _______ _______ Let’s ask George what he thinks about this problem.
3. _______ _______ How many of you have seen the new Harrison Ford
movie?
4. _______ _______ Don’t ask him. He never knows what he’s talking about.
5. _______ _______ When I give a speech, I usually single out one person
and talk directly to him. That way, I’m not as nervous.
6. _______ _______ Hold on a minute there, Myra. Nobody asked you for
your opinion.
7. _______ _______ How many of you have had this same experience?

Conversation Skills—Open Conversation
Being open to other opinions and viewpoints helps keep conversations going.
Sometimes when we discuss something with others, we start to argue our position.
Arguing can be destructive because it puts people on the defensive and stops
discussion. Here are some dos and don’ts to keep conversations open.
Do:
Stay on the subject.
Be open to other people’s viewpoints.
Use a quiet voice.
Focus on only the important facts.
Don’t:
Argue.
Raise your voice.
Reject other opinions without listening.
Are these speakers being Open or Argumentative?
Open Argumentative
1. _______ _______ As long as you’re willing to listen to me, I’ll hear you out.
2. _______ _______ I really don’t want to fight about this, but you’re being
so unreasonable!
3. _______ _______ I think that was a pretty stupid remark.
4. _______ _______ Even though that upsets me, I’ll think about what you
said and get back to you.
5. _______ _______ No, I’m not going to listen to you because I don’t think
you know what you’re talking about.
6. _______ _______ You’ve been doing some things lately that really bother
me. Do you have some time to talk to me today?
7. _______ _______ You know, that was really an ignorant remark.
8. _______ _______ You sound like a broken record. Give it a break, okay?

Conversation Skills—Attentive Listeners
As a speaker, watch for signs that your listeners are paying attention to what you’re
saying.
Do:
Watch for signs of attentiveness from your listeners.
Look for signals of boredom or frustration.
Don’t:
Ignore sighs, yawns, fidgeting, or wandering eyes.
Ramble on and on without letting other people speak.
Indicate whether these listeners are Attentive or Bored.
Attentive Bored
1. _______ _______ making good eye contact
2. _______ _______ fidgeting
3. _______ _______ sitting up straight, listening closely to what

you’re saying
4. _______ _______ trying not to yawn
5. _______ _______ rolling eyes
6. _______ _______ asking relevant questions in order to get you to

say more
7. _______ _______ trying to break in and change the subject
8. _______ _______ calling someone else over to listen to the

conversation too
9. _______ _______ nodding head frequently in agreement with you
10. _______ _______ gazing away, staring out the window
11. _______ _______ attempting to walk away
12. _______ _______ making hand gestures to encourage you to say more

Conversation Skills—Interruption
As a listener, be careful not to interrupt the speaker in the middle of what she is
saying. When you interrupt, the speaker may feel that you believe her message isn’t
important. There are a few situations when it is appropriate to respectfully interrupt:
1. when the speaker is rambling on and on and losing her listeners
2. when the conversation is becoming offensive
3. when an emergency or safety issue arises
4. when another matter, such as a phone call, needs attention
Write Do or Don’t to make each statement correct.
1. _______________ interrupt if the speaker is making you late for an

important appointment.
2. _______________ interrupt by asking irrelevant questions.
3. _______________ interrupt if you find the topic very uncomfortable.
4. _______________ interrupt by finishing the speaker’s sentences.
5. _______________ interrupt to help tell a story.
6. _______________ interrupt when someone is lying about your friend.
7. _______________ interrupt to argue about unimportant details.
8. _______________ interrupt if the building is on fire.
9. _______________ interrupt to tell about the fish you caught last summer.

Conversation Skills—Empathy
Be empathetic in conversations. Showing empathy means putting yourself in the

place of another person so you can understand how he feels about the topic. Be
sensitive to the people you’re with and the mood they’re in when bringing up topics
to discuss. Religion, race, politics, or other subjects may be offensive to some people,
so use tact when addressing these areas.
Indicate whether the speaker is Tactful or Offensive.
Tactful Offensive
1. _______ _______ You really worked hard and it was worth it!
2. _______ _______ Yuck! Get that disgusting food away from me!
3. _______ _______ I know someone who is much better looking than you.
4. _______ _______ Excuse me but your pants are ripped in the back.
5. _______ _______ You can’t talk to my wife right now. She’s busy! Don’t
bother us!
6. _______ _______ My son can’t come to the phone right now. May I take
a message?
7. _______ _______ I hope this gift is something I like.
8. _______ _______ Gee, where did you get that cheap-looking camera?
9. _______ _______ No, thank you. I’m really not interested right now.
10. _______ _______ I think you may have miscounted my change.
11. _______ _______ You cheated me out of some of my change!

Conversation Skills—Questions
Successful conversations need each person to be a speaker as well as a listener.

By asking good questions, you can stimulate interesting conversation. How you
word your questions will either keep a conversation going or stop discussion.
Questions that stimulate conversation usually require several words for an answer.
They encourage an opinion or an explanation. For example:
Why did you choose to live in this area?
How did you get into the kind of work you do?
Questions that stop conversations are frequently questions that can be answered
with “yes” or “no” or with only a few words. For example:
Sure is a nice day, isn’t it?
Where do you live?
What kind of work do you do?
Indicate if these questions Encourage or Stop a conversation.
Encourage Stop
1. _______ _______ What is your name?
2. _______ _______ Where did you last work?
3. _______ _______ Why do you say it’s like working in a factory?
4. _______ _______ Why do you think cats are smarter than dogs?
5. _______ _______ What kind of dog do you have?
6. _______ _______ What happened on your vacation?
7. _______ _______ How do you think life will be different in 50 years?
8. _______ _______ When is your dentist appointment?
9. _______ _______ Do you like classical music?
10. _______ _______ How do you think classical music influenced rock
and roll?

Conversation Skills—Sensitivity
There are certain times when it isn’t a good idea to begin a conversation. Be careful
to choose the right time to talk about touchy or serious topics. Be sensitive to other
people’s moods when starting conversations.
What are five topics you wouldn’t bring up to a family member when she is tired
or upset?
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________
Mark these situations as good times to Start a conversation or to Wait before

beginning a conversation.
Start Wait
1. _______ _______ Your spouse just got home from a very tiring day
at work.
2. _______ _______ Your spouse has had time to relax and unwind after
a long day.
3. _______ _______ You’re having a leisurely lunch with a close friend.
4. _______ _______ You and your family are beginning a long car trip.
5. _______ _______ At the end of a long drive, you’re tired and have
gotten lost several times.
6. _______ _______ You’re late for an important appointment.

Idioms and Proverbs
Being able to interpret information literally and abstractly is necessary for effective verbal
reasoning. Someone who has had a change in his brain function will have the tendency
to interpret and explain everything in concrete, literal, here-and-now terms. He will have
difficulty understanding how sentence meaning changes with the use of abstract words
and concepts.
Providing practice with idioms and proverbs will assist your client in being able to recognize
when something is literal or abstract. It will increase his awareness that there are two levels
of meaning and help him to see how those different levels can change a conversation or
situation.
For all of the tasks in this section, it is recommended that you have your client explain
what the idiom or proverb means. There will be times when he will interpret an expression
by using situations instead of explaining the actual meaning of the idiom or proverb. This
strategy should be encouraged as it uses the natural tendency of applying abstract meaning
to real situations in life. For example, when interpreting While the cat’s away, the mice will
play, your client may say, “When the boss isn’t around, the workers slack off.”
Verbal Reasoning—Idioms and Proverbs

Expression Completion and Explanation
Complete the expression. Then explain what it means.
1. An apple a day ___________________________________________________.
2. A penny saved ___________________________________________________.
3. Time heals ______________________________________________________.
4. A fool and his money ______________________________________________.
5. A bird in the hand _________________________________________________.
6. The grass is always greener _________________________________________.
7. You can’t see the forest ____________________________________________.
8. Honesty is _______________________________________________________.
9. Blood is thicker ___________________________________________________.
10. There is more than one way to _______________________________________.
11. Absence makes the _______________________________________________.
12. A friend in need is _________________________________________________.
13. Fools rush in where _______________________________________________.
14. Don’t count your chickens __________________________________________.
15. He put his foot in _________________________________________________.
16. The love of money is ______________________________________________.
17. Don’t judge a book ________________________________________________.
18. Too many cooks __________________________________________________.
19. Early to bed and early to rise makes __________________________________.
20. Don’t put all your eggs _____________________________________________.

Expression Completion and Explanation
Complete the expression. Then explain what it means.
1. You can’t have your cake and ________________________________________.
2. Look before _____________________________________________________.
3. You can’t teach an old dog __________________________________________.
4. It’s like looking for a needle _________________________________________.
5. Haste makes ____________________________________________________.
6. Silence is _______________________________________________________.
7. He is a jack of ____________________________________________________.
8. Two heads are ___________________________________________________.
9. You can’t get blood ________________________________________________.
10. Every cloud has __________________________________________________.
11. Better late _______________________________________________________.
12. Birds of a feather _________________________________________________.
13. Don’t cry over ____________________________________________________.
14. Curiosity killed ___________________________________________________.
15. When the cat’s away, ______________________________________________.
16. Don’t kill the goose that lays ________________________________________.
17. Beggars should not _______________________________________________.
18. He who laughs last, _______________________________________________.
19. Don’t make a mountain ____________________________________________.
20. Actions speak ____________________________________________________.

Missing Letters
Determine the letter that is missing from each of the following expressions. Write the
complete expression on the line. Then explain what it means.
X Example: Insert the letter E into Bttrlatthannvr to form Better late than never.
1. jckoflltrdes _______________________________________________________
2. Afrindinndisafrindindd ______________________________________________
3. chipfftheldblck ____________________________________________________
4. Tmewlltell _______________________________________________________
5. Whrthr’sawillthr’saway ______________________________________________
6. Tmanycksspilthebrth _______________________________________________
7. woheadsarebeerhanone ____________________________________________
8. Asttchntmesavesnne _______________________________________________
9. Twwrngsdn’tmakearight _____________________________________________
10. Rllingstnesgathernmss _____________________________________________
11. Ncssityisthmothrofallinvntion __________________________________________
12. Aflandhismneyaresnparted __________________________________________
13. Youcn’thveyourckendetittoo __________________________________________
14. can’seeheforesforherees ____________________________________________
15. Thrarothrfishinthsa ________________________________________________

Mixed-Up Expressions
Each expression contains a part of the body. The body parts have been mixed up.
Write the correct answers on the lines. The first one is done as an example. Then
explain what each expression means.
1. You made it by the skin of your leg. teeth

____________________________
2. It’s on the tip of my chest. ____________________________
3. I have butterflies in my nose. ____________________________
4. Get it off your tongue. ____________________________
5. She pulled the wool over his foot. ____________________________
6. You’re pulling my teeth. ____________________________
7. It’s right under your head. ____________________________
8. Now the shoe is on the other stomach. ____________________________
9. Off the top of my eyes, I will guess, “25.” ____________________________
10. He has a chip on his head. ____________________________
11. Lay your elbow on my shoulder. ____________________________
12. It may leave a bad taste in your face. ____________________________
13. Keep a straight shoulder. ____________________________
14. Give me more stomach room. ____________________________
15. Your eyes are bigger than your mouth. ____________________________

Expression Interpretation—Literal and Abstract
Write the literal meaning and the abstract meaning for each expression. The first one
is done as an example.
Idiom Literal Abstract
1. He has a green His thumb is the color He‛s good at growing

thumb. green. plants.
2. She has a frog in

her throat.
3. That’s not my cup

of tea.
4. He killed two birds

with one stone.
5. Let sleeping dogs lie.
6. Her husband is a
back-seat driver.

1. It’s raining cats Dogs and cats are It‛s raining very hard.
and dogs. falling out of the sky.
2. You should get it

off your chest.
3. She had him

wrapped around
her little finger.
4. He has a chip on
his shoulder.
5. She should bury

the hatchet.
6. His eyes were bigger

than his stomach.

1. Every cloud has Clouds have a lining There are good things
a silver lining. made of silver. in every situation.
2. All that glitters is

not gold.
3. There’s more than

one way to skin a cat.
4. An apple a day keeps

the doctor away.
5. The grass is always

greener on the other
side of the fence.
6. You can’t teach an

old dog new tricks.

Matching Proverbs to Situations
Match each proverb to its situation.
_____ 1. While the cat’s away, a. Winning the lottery didn’t make them
the mice will play. any happier.
_____ 2. Don’t judge a book b. When she heard of the tragedy, she
by its cover. immediately went over to see what
she could do to help.
_____ 3. An apple a day keeps
the doctor away. c. She was so sure about the new job that
she went out and bought new clothes.
_____ 4. Time flies.
d. The workers took it easy when their
_____ 5. All that glitters is supervisor went on a business trip.
not gold.
e. They never solved anything because
_____ 6. Look before you leap. everyone thought his opinion was the
most important.
_____ 7. A friend in need is
a friend indeed. f. When she visited Haiti, she wore a
skirt every day, just like the women
_____ 8. Don’t put all your who lived there.
eggs in one basket.
g. She cooked balanced meals so her
_____ 9. Don’t count your family would stay healthy.
chickens before
they’re hatched. h. The company investigated every aspect
of the deal before committing themselves.
_____ 10. Honesty is the
best policy. i. The broken-down piece of furniture
was really a valuable antique.
_____ 11. Too many cooks
spoil the broth. j. He decided to tell his neighbor that
he broke the window.
_____ 12. When in Rome, do
as the Romans do. k. The meeting was over before all of
the decisions could be made.
l. He invested his money in several

different ventures.

Categorization
Being able to identify and label categories is another key element in effective verbal
reasoning. The tasks in this section begin with naming objects that belong to a category
with the added element of quantifying directions to help your client zero in on more specific
category members. This will aid in your client’s ability to reason verbally within given
parameters. Tasks progress to describing and comparing characteristics of objects to help
your client present salient information in an organized, complete manner. Tasks continue
with your client determining what the main category is among given items and determining
which of the items does not belong with the others. This will aid in your client’s ability to
verbally reason using inclusion and exclusion principles.
The tasks then progress to a level which incorporates a more refined categorization
method. Your client is presented with tasks that require him to provide a general category,
a subcategory, and a specific member. These tasks teach the subtleties of categorization
and are actually reflective of the skills we use daily. This also gives your client practice
solving a task from multiple directions, thus helping him establish the process for using
flexible verbal reasoning when problem solving.
Once your client’s skills are established at the word level, the tasks progress to the sentence
level. This is a functional task as it is reflective of communication or of the process we use
when completing familiar tasks. For example, when you are looking for a new car, you must
determine what make of car you want, then the model, and finally the specific features
you want that model to have. The sentence tasks give your client practice with this kind
of categorizing which involves a significant verbal reasoning element.
Verbal Reasoning—Categorization
Naming Objects by Attributes
Answer the following questions. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. What object is usually black?
2. What object is large but not alive?
3. What beverage can be hot or cold?
4. What costs more than five thousand dollars?
5. What can be green or red?
6. What can be bounced or rolled?
7. What would you find in the city as well as in the country?
8. What object is expected to pop?
9. What breaks when it is bent?
10. What can move fast or slow?
11. What can be short or tall?
12. What needs to be cut because it grows?
13. What can see better at night than during the day?
14. What becomes slippery when it is wet?
15. What improves with age?
16. What can be noisy or quiet?
17. What can float or sink?
18. What needs water to exist?
19. What expires on a yearly basis?
20. What is cooked and then eaten cold?
1. What can be short or long?
2. What is rectangular and large?
3. What can bend but does not break?
4. What is made of metal and rubber?
5. What is cold and slippery?
6. What is small but expensive?
7. What is large but inexpensive?
8. What can a person see better at night than during the day?
9. What can be red, green, or yellow?
10. What can be sharp or dull?
11. What can fly but cannot walk?
12. What has four corners?
13. What can be permanent or temporary?
14. What can be made of wood or metal?
15. What can people see through?
16. What is smaller than it was ten years ago?
17. What lives longer than a human being?
18. What sleeps more than it is awake?
19. What can live in water as well as on land?
20. What can go up and down as well as left and right?
1. What can fly or walk?
2. What can be made of plastic or cloth?
3. What can melt or freeze?
4. What can be light or heavy?
5. What needs sunlight to exist?
6. What stretches when you pull on it?
7. What takes several people to accomplish?
8. What costs less than five dollars?
9. What needs to be wet before you can use it?
10. What can be bright or dark?
11. What can be parted?
12. What can be white or black?
13. What can you put in a pocket?
14. What is solid but floats?
15. What is round and hollow?
16. What can be bottled or canned?
17. What needs food to exist?
18. What needs to run on electricity?
19. What can be done better by a child than by an adult?
20. What can be done better by an adult than by a child?
Description—One Object
Describe the characteristics of a car. Some of the features listed may not apply.
Object: car
1. height __________________________________________________________
2. weight __________________________________________________________
3. length __________________________________________________________
4. width ___________________________________________________________
5. color ___________________________________________________________
6. durability ________________________________________________________
7. materials ________________________________________________________
8. shape __________________________________________________________
9. size ____________________________________________________________
10. texture __________________________________________________________
11. density _________________________________________________________
12. temperature _____________________________________________________
13. value ___________________________________________________________
14. function _________________________________________________________
15. other uses _______________________________________________________
Description—One Object
Describe the characteristics of an object you choose or someone else chooses.

Some of the features may not apply.
Object: _________________________
1. height __________________________________________________________
2. weight __________________________________________________________
3. length __________________________________________________________
4. width ___________________________________________________________
5. color ___________________________________________________________
6. durability ________________________________________________________
7. materials ________________________________________________________
8. shape __________________________________________________________
9. size ____________________________________________________________
10. texture __________________________________________________________
11. density _________________________________________________________
12. temperature _____________________________________________________
13. value ___________________________________________________________
14. function _________________________________________________________
15. other uses _______________________________________________________
Description and Comparison—Two Objects
Describe the characteristics of a bicycle and an airplane. Then state how they are
similar and different. Some of the features may not apply.
bicycle airplane
1. height __________________________________________________________
2. weight __________________________________________________________
3. length __________________________________________________________
4. width ___________________________________________________________
5. color ___________________________________________________________
6. durability ________________________________________________________
7. materials ________________________________________________________
8. shape __________________________________________________________
9. size ____________________________________________________________
10. texture _________________________________________________________
11. density _________________________________________________________
12. temperature _____________________________________________________
13. value ___________________________________________________________
14. function _________________________________________________________
15. other uses _______________________________________________________
Description and Comparison—Two Objects
Describe the characteristics of two objects you choose or someone else chooses.
Some of the features may not apply.
_____________________ _____________________
Object 1 Object 2
1. height __________________________________________________________
2. weight __________________________________________________________
3. length __________________________________________________________
4. width ___________________________________________________________
5. color ___________________________________________________________
6. durability ________________________________________________________
7. materials ________________________________________________________
8. shape __________________________________________________________
9. size ____________________________________________________________
10. texture __________________________________________________________
11. density _________________________________________________________
12. temperature _____________________________________________________
13. value ___________________________________________________________
14. function _________________________________________________________
15. other uses _______________________________________________________
Which Does Not Belong?
Mark the word in each row that does not belong with the others.
1. beautiful pretty plain attractive good looking
2. scrawny sticky bony skinny thin
3. glimmer flicker reduce sparkle glitter
4. spiral walk run trot gallop
5. investigate explore research delve limit
6. height length width ruler weight
7. fighting docile meek humble submissive
8. punish theorize penalize discipline correct
9. society association alliance voice group
10. enormous huge large big question
11. false inaccurate shocking fraudulent fake
12. pity compassion mercy jealousy sympathy
13. hunt attend pursue chase search
14. home domicile house residence basement
15. computer cell phone pyramid DVD player digital camera
16. awful good great wonderful fantastic
17. math athletics gymnastics calisthenics acrobatics
18. smile grin chuckle whine laugh
19. hour minute second day schedule
20. tree dirt plant flower bush
Which Does Not Belong?
Mark the word in each row that does not belong with the others.
1. joke guarantee warranty assurance promise
2. plate dish glass oven silverware
3. whim what where when why
4. remember recall retain recollect return
5. pious devout religious impish faithful
6. slow fast quick rapid speedy
7. stocks IRAs bonds money market show
8. glory splendor horror grandeur magnificence
9. synthesize make imagine construct build
10. purr bark meow quack snap
11. frank disgusted sincere honest candid
12. circle curved square oval round
13. draw fight brawl wrestle combat
14. vacate wait leave exit depart
15. greetings hello hi welcome visitation
16. song melody book music tone
17. silver mug cup glass goblet
18. reduce lower lessen increase cheapen
19. supple steel flexible pliable yielding
20. tax toll levy ticket duty
General Category Labeling
Name the general category. The first one is done for you.
furniture
1. _____________________________ chair, rocker
2. _____________________________ guard dogs, German shepherd
3. _____________________________ stuffed animals, teddy bears
4. _____________________________ apples, Macintosh
5. _____________________________ game shows, Jeopardy
6. _____________________________ green, olive
7. _____________________________ house, split-level
8. _____________________________ evergreen, spruce
9. _____________________________ sweater, cardigan
10. _____________________________ water vehicle, ship
11. _____________________________ shoes, loafers
12. _____________________________ organ, heart
13. _____________________________ woodwinds, clarinet
14. _____________________________ spoons, teaspoon
15. _____________________________ wild animals, bear
Subcategory Labeling
Name an item that is more general than the word on the right, but more specific than
the word on the left. The first one is done for you.
1. solar system planet

_____________________________ Jupiter
2. sweets _____________________________ Hershey Bar
3. appliances _____________________________ coffee maker
4. clothing _____________________________ jeans
5. sports _____________________________ balance beam
6. color _____________________________ yellow
7. weather _____________________________ drizzle
8. vegetables _____________________________ lima
9. animals _____________________________ wolf
10. furniture _____________________________ coffee table
11. entertainment _____________________________ “The Phantom of the Opera”
12. body parts _____________________________ nose
13. medicines _____________________________ aspirin
14. instruments _____________________________ trumpet
15. accessories _____________________________ necklace
Specific Member Labeling
Name a specific category member for each set of words. The first one is done for you.
Siamese
1. felines, cats, _____________________________
2. drinks, cold beverages, _____________________________
3. things that sting, stinging insects, _____________________________
4. seasonings, spice, _____________________________
5. stone, gemstone, _____________________________
6. sports equipment, tennis equipment, _____________________________
7. animals, domestic pets, _____________________________
8. movies, musical movies, _____________________________
9. footwear, shoes, _____________________________
10. time, seasons, _____________________________
11. emotions, positive feelings, _____________________________
12. cars, foreign-made cars, _____________________________
13. milk products, cheese, _____________________________
14. vehicles, emergency vehicles, _____________________________
15. plants, weeds, _____________________________
Categorization Grid
Fill in the chart with the appropriate information. The first one is done for you.
General Category Subcategory Specific Member
professions medical professions nurse
transportation motorized transportation
dogs poodle
appliances electric can opener
books Treasure Island
clothing jacket
eagles bald eagle
stores department stores
blue navy blue
precipitation drizzle
sports skiing
pens felt-tip pens
Categorization Grid
Fill in the chart with the appropriate information. The first one is done for you.
General Category Subcategory Specific Member
entertainment musicals My Fair Lady
plants dandelion
leafy greens lettuce
birds water fowl
limbs legs
tools hoe
illnesses childhood illnesses
winter sports ice hockey
medicine cold medicine
dairy products milk
television news 60 Minutes
solar system planets
Categorization in Sentences
Underline the general category, subcategory, and specific member within each
sentence. The first one is done for you.
1. In science, we studied the solar system, particularly the planet Mars.
2. My favorite animal in the zoo’s bear exhibit is the polar bear.
3. The medical profession recommends that you see your doctor once a year,
including your podiatrist.
4. There were so many cheeses in the dairy section of the store, I had trouble
deciding on the extra-sharp cheddar.
5. When it comes to toys, Sammy likes construction toys, especially Lincoln Logs.
6. When I go to a dog show, I enjoy watching Labrador retrievers and other dogs
in the sporting dogs division.
7. She finally chose Gone With the Wind from all the novels in the literature
section of the library.
8. With all of today’s means of transportation, I prefer to travel by air transportation

in a jet.
9. When we were looking for a vacation spot, I got literature on national parks
before deciding on Yellowstone.
10. After looking at many flowers, I bought tulips and other spring bloomers.
11. I find playing Search the Mountain video game an excellent form of
entertainment.
12. The furniture builder made chairs, specializing in rocking chairs.
Convergent Reasoning
When verbally reasoning, a person must frequently take multiple pieces of information,
comprehend them, mentally manipulate them, and then integrate them with information
already present in his cognitive knowledge in order to converge upon the specific, logical
response.
This section provides a variety of tasks to give your client multiple opportunities to improve
his convergent reasoning abilities. The varied formats provide change for your client so he
does not become habituated to a specific process or become bored with using the same
format over and over again while retraining his convergent reasoning skills.
It is important that your client feels some enjoyment and challenge when working with these
tasks. There will be some tasks a client enjoys doing more than others. If this is the case,
just use the tasks your client enjoys as he will be more interested in completing them.
Convergent reasoning involves many different kinds of skills. For some of the tasks (e.g.
negative true/false statements), it involves thinking in reverse of the normal process used for
answering questions. Other tasks involve an abstract element that needs to be determined in
order to answer the questions (e.g., Diagrams with Choices). The deduction puzzles require
multiple abilities, such as being able to integrate one clue with another, being able to use
exclusion principles to eliminate possible answers, and using the grid to give information for
determining a possible response. All of these elements are important for successful verbal
reasoning.
Verbal Reasoning—Convergent Reasoning

Fact/Opinion
Determine if the statements are facts or opinions. A fact can generally be proven. An
opinion can be debated or argued about. (Hint: Be careful! You are not to determine
if these statements are true or false.)
Write an F if the statement is a fact. Write an O if the statement is an opinion.
1. ____ Watching too much television can be harmful to a person.
2. ____ Watching the TV news can help a person learn about the world.
3. ____ Many people watch TV to help pass the time.
4. ____ An all-movie channel is better to watch than an all-sports channel.
5. ____ There are many different cable channels.
6. ____ Many reruns of old shows are more entertaining than new shows.
7. ____ Cartoons are only for children to watch.
8. ____ Many children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings.
9. ____ Shows in color are better than shows in black and white.
10. ____ Sometimes shows are pre-empted because of important news reports.
11. ____ You can use a remote control to change channels.
12. ____ Soap operas are true-to-life situations.
13. ____ The History Channel is more educational than the Court Channel.
14. ____ It is possible to record shows to watch later.
15. ____ Children should not be allowed to watch all shows.

Fact/Opinion
Determine if the statements are facts or opinions. A fact can generally be proven. An
opinion can be debated or argued about. (Hint: Be careful! You are not to determine
if these statements are true or false.)
Write an F if the statement is a fact. Write an O if the statement is an opinion.
1. ____ Cats are better pets than dogs.
2. ____ Some people prefer to own cats.
3. ____ A dog can be taught tricks.
4. ____ A dog is a better companion than a cat.
5. ____ A cat loses too much hair around the house.
6. ____ A cat has a rough tongue.
7. ____ Dogs are easier to take care of than cats.
8. ____ Many dogs are bigger than cats.
9. ____ Many cats catch mice.
10. ____ Cats should be allowed to go outside.
11. ____ A large dog should not be kept in an apartment.
12. ____ Many cats like catnip.
13. ____ A dog should be walked at least one mile a day.
14. ____ Many dogs like to chew on bones.
15. ____ A cat should have its front claws removed.

Negative True/False Statements
Write T if the statement is true. Write F is the statement is false. As these are
negative true/false statements, they are tricky. Take your time and think about them.
1. ____ Coffee is not a hot drink.
2. ____ Coats are not something to wear when it is a sizzling hot day.
3. ____ A dog is not an animal that barks.
4. ____ Trucks are not toys that children play with.
5. ____ A horn is not something loud that can be beeped.
6. ____ A saw is not a tool you sand with.
7. ____ A florist is not a person who butchers meat.
8. ____ Fires are not something hot that burn.
9. ____ A sink is not something in your bureau drawer.
10. ____ An ice-cream cone is not something to lick.
11. ____ Cola is not something fizzy to drink.
12. ____ A light is not something bright to turn on in the dark.
13. ____ A wallet is not something made of leather to wear.
14. ____ Sneakers do not have soles.
15. ____ Trees do not have hands.
16. ____ Pans are not something made of plastic.
17. ____ Cats are not animals with sharp claws.
18. ____ An alarm is not something noisy used for driving a car.
19. ____ A table is not a piece of furniture.
20. ____ Water does not always put out a grease fire.

Negative True/False Statements
Write T if the statement is true. Write F is the statement is false. As these are
negative true/false statements, they are tricky. Take your time and think about them.
1. ____ An apple does not have seeds.
2. ____ A chair is not a utensil used for cooking.
3. ____ Maple trees do not lose their leaves in the spring.
4. ____ Bricks are not a material used for building walls.
5. ____ A mop is not a thing used for cleaning windows.
6. ____ A sweatshirt is not an article of clothing to make you warmer.
7. ____ Most plants do not need water and sunlight to grow.
8. ____ Pink is not a color that is dark.
9. ____ Socks are not clothing worn on the feet.
10. ____ A bowling ball does not bounce as high as a basketball.
11. ____ A student has not yet graduated from school.
12. ____ Lawn chairs are not used outside in the summer.
13. ____ A fence is a not a wooden structure used inside of the house.
14. ____ A television is not an appliance used for cleaning.
15. ____ Barbecue grills are not used for cooking meat.
16. ____ Smiling is not a facial expression that shows displeasure.
17. ____ Glasses are not worn to help one’s hearing.
18. ____ Grass is not a plant that grows in the lawn.
19. ____ Wood is not used for burning in a fire.
20. ____ A cat is not a pet that can fly.

Sequencing
Rearrange each group of words so their meanings progress in degree or occurrence.
X Example: hot, boiling, lukewarm should be rearranged to lukewarm, hot, boiling
1. Tuesday, Sunday, Friday ____________________________________________
2. yesterday, tomorrow, today __________________________________________
3. hour, minute, second _______________________________________________
4. year, century, decade _______________________________________________
5. pay, order, eat ____________________________________________________
6. depart, pack, arrive ________________________________________________
7. junior high, kindergarten, high school __________________________________
8. butterfly, cocoon, caterpillar __________________________________________
9. play, shuffle, win, deal ______________________________________________
10. blossom, seed, bud, sprout __________________________________________
11. catch, bait, cast, clean ______________________________________________
12. search, lose, find __________________________________________________
13. read, test, memorize _______________________________________________
14. August, January, October, May _______________________________________
15. plan, occupy, build, dream ___________________________________________

Sequencing
Rearrange each group of words so their meanings progress in degree.
1. freezing, cool, cold ________________________________________________
2. grandmother, daughter, mother _______________________________________
3. sprint, walk, jog ___________________________________________________
4. most, least, more, less ______________________________________________
5. glance, stare, look _________________________________________________
6. cry, whimper, sob __________________________________________________
7. medium, well-done, rare ____________________________________________
8. boil, warm, simmer ________________________________________________
9. furious, angry, bothered _____________________________________________
10. private, general, sergeant ___________________________________________
11. quiet, silent, loud __________________________________________________
12. positive, negative, neutral ___________________________________________
13. middle, lower, upper _______________________________________________
14. convict, suspect, investigate _________________________________________
15. giant, large, tiny, small ______________________________________________

Sequencing
Rearrange each group of words so their meanings progress in degree.
1. shout, whisper, silence, talk __________________________________________
2. grin, giggle, guffaw, laugh ____________________________________________
3. mansion, house, cabin, shed __________________________________________
4. brilliant, dim, dark, bright ____________________________________________
5. farther, far, near, farthest ____________________________________________
6. flow, gush, trickle, drop ______________________________________________
7. governor, president, mayor ___________________________________________
8. sad, joyous, glad, content ____________________________________________
9. continent, town, nation, state _________________________________________
10. hideous, plain, pretty, ugly ___________________________________________
11. ancient, futuristic, present, old ________________________________________
12. impossible, possible, definite, probable _________________________________
13. feast, fast, meal, snack ______________________________________________
14. black, ivory, white, gray ______________________________________________
15. minute, small, large, medium _________________________________________

Increasing Word Length
Add a letter or letters to the beginning or end of the second word to form a new word.
X Examples: no, not, note sure, assure, assuredly
1. l, in, _______________ 16. hot, shot, _______________
2. ace, race, _______________ 17. old, cold, _______________
3. ten, tend, _______________ 18. ice, lice, _______________
4. at, hat, _______________ 19. pa, pan, _______________
5. am, cream, _______________ 20. it, item, _______________
6. at, oat, _______________ 21. ouch, touch, _______________
7. tar, star, _______________ 22. an, hang, _______________
8. act, tact, _______________ 23. me, meet, _______________
9. us, use, _______________ 24. am, came, _______________
10. an, van, _______________ 25. an, rank, _______________
11. rag, drag, _______________ 26. ever, every, _______________
12. on, don, _______________ 27. aid, maid, _______________
13. ace, pace, _______________ 28. hang, change, _______________
14. row, grow, _______________ 29. art, part, _______________
15. on, one, _______________ 30. am, dam, _______________

Diagrams with Choices
Match each phrase with the diagram that illustrates it.
X Example: VISION VISION = double vision
1. four-leaf clover C
A
L
M
2. down in the dumps
TROUBLE TROUBLE
PIECE
3. broken promise PIECE SUIT
PIECE
4. split hairs IIIII RIGHT IIIII
PRO MISE
5. three-piece suit
HA
IRS
6. double trouble
S
DU
DOWN
MP
MP
DU
S
7. calm down DUMPS
LEAF
LEAF CLOVER
8. right between the eyes LEAF
LEAF

1. splitting headache one another

one another
one another
one another
one another
2. chip on his shoulder one another
HE ART
3. all over with
______ SLATE
4. rock around the clock
world
CHIP
5. small world HIS SHOULDER
HEAD
ACHE
6. broken heart
ALL
WITH
7. blank slate
R
8. six of one and half a dozen of another K CLOCK O
C

1. three-ring circus DEAL

EGGS
2. big deal EASY
OVER
3. eggs over easy
shooter
shooter
shooter
4. leftover shooter
shooter
shooter
5. six-shooter
KCABBACK
STATIONED
6. stationed overseas
SEAS
BE
7. be on time TIME
RING
8. back to back RING CIRCUS
RING

Diagrams Without Choices
What common expression do each of these diagrams represent? The blank lines tell
you how many words are in the answer.
R E A D E
_________ ________________ L safety ______________ _____
______ _____________ K safety ______ _____________
C safety
U safety
B
give get ______________
give get ______
give get ______________
give get DOfootOR _________ _____
_______ _________
DNAH _______________ stand ___ _________________

I
wear _______ ________________

long cycle
cycle _________________
cycle
school
sand
__________________
____________ _____________

Diagrams Without Choices
What common expression do each of these diagrams represent? The blank lines tell
you how many words are in the answer.
S MIDmonkeyDLE
T
A __________ ____ ______ __________
I
R
CEN
S
T _________ ____
_______________ U ______ _______________
R
Y
R
O
R O A D S ________________ ship _________
D CCCCCC _______________
S
T
E
________________ S _______________
____________ ___________
LE __________
VEL ___________
Wish
meal meal meal

__________ __________
____ __________ __________ __________ __________

Anagrams
Rearrange the letters in each word to form a different word.
X Example: item = time
1. late _________________ 16. pier _________________
2. gape _________________ 17. mane _________________
3. meat _________________ 18. bleat _________________
4. pleat _________________ 19. tops _________________
5. grab _________________ 20. sewn _________________
6. veer _________________ 21. filed _________________
7. peat _________________ 22. aide _________________
8. fare _________________ 23. dire _________________
9. gods _________________ 24. charm _________________
10. life _________________ 25. reef _________________
11. tea _________________ 26. shore _________________
12. from _________________ 27. sire _________________
13. race _________________ 28. ends _________________
14. seat _________________ 29. bore _________________
15. note _________________ 30. rite _________________

Anagrams
Rearrange the letters in each word to form a different word.
X Example: item = time
1. lime _________________ 16. dad _________________
2. slate _________________ 17. moor _________________
3. kits _________________ 18. tear _________________
4. space _________________ 19. rues _________________
5. fate _________________ 20. peach _________________
6. mace _________________ 21. sheet _________________
7. night _________________ 22. stage _________________
8. rage _________________ 23. ward _________________
9. lead _________________ 24. paste _________________
10. sole _________________ 25. tarp _________________
11. cafe _________________ 26. cape _________________
12. lure _________________ 27. bread _________________
13. mothers _________________ 28. peon _________________
14. thorn _________________ 29. skate _________________
15. tide _________________ 30. cheat _________________

Anagrams in Sentences
Rearrange the letters of each underlined word to form a new word. Then use it to
complete each sentence.
X Example: There was an odor coming from under the door.
1. Please do only one item at a _________________.
2. The tarps will cover the _________________ that need protection.
3. The man with the beard is buttering his _________________.
4. Do you want to eat or have _________________?
5. It was cheap to buy this _________________ at the roadside stand.
6. Take care when you run the _________________ in New York City.
7. She bumped the lamp with her _________________.
8. It takes practice to learn how to _________________.
9. The instructors teach children not to _________________ on tests.
10. The thorn bushes were in the _________________ part of the garden.
11. The last ingredient you should add is _________________.
12. I’m in dire need of a _________________.
13. The members on the football team eat _________________ before every game.
14. Dan’s seat was on the _________________ side of the stadium.
15. Get the form _________________ the receptionist.

Anagrams in Sentences
Rearrange the letters of each underlined word to form a new word. Then use it to
complete each sentence.
X Example: There was an odor coming from under the door.
1. The dolphins swam free through the coral _________________.
2. His horse loved to run along the _________________.
3. He got an excellent deal on some _________________ pipes.
4. Put these pillowcases on after you put on the _________________.
5. You can stop after you dry the _________________ and pans.
6. She dropped her brush in the _________________ beside the porch.
7. Do you know what thing made all that noise last _________________?
8. He flew into a rage when he couldn’t get his car into third _________________.
9. “Listen, chum, I can’t take _________________ more of this!”
10. The bore wore his _________________ around the house all day.
11. You should name your horse after the color of his _________________.
12. The president’s aide came up with a brilliant _________________.
13. I fear that I can’t afford the plane _________________.
14. The recipe stated that you shouldn’t _________________ the crust with a knife.
15. It took the teacher quite a while to _________________ the class.

Symbol Substitution
Choose a symbol to complete each word below. Spell out the word the symbol
represents in the blank.
X Example: & means and &

h_____ and
= h_____
. x , +
: = % &
♥ ★ π ¢
1. _____________y 7. sur_____________
2. _____________ical 8. b_____________age
3. _____________ndment 9. _____________er
4. sweet_____________ 10. _____________board
5. _____________age 11. _____________nt
6. _____________ity 12. _____________ Square

Symbol Substitution
Choose a symbol to complete each word below. Spell out the word the symbol
represents in the blank.
X Example: & means and &

h_____ and
= h_____
. x , +
: = % &
♥ ★ π ¢
1. _____________ch 7. _____________ipede
2. _____________ile 8. _____________nder
3. _____________nch 9. _____________ic
4. _____________ial 10. _____________roid
5. _____________h 11. _____________ly
6. _____________burn 12. New York _____________

Change One Letter
Change one letter in each of the words in a group to get three new words that are
members of the same category.
X Example: bit, wall, globe = bat, ball, glove
1. grange, greet, mellow = ______________________________________
2. hold, salver, copter = ______________________________________
3. torn, pets, bumpkin = ______________________________________
4. touch, choir, sable = ______________________________________
5. yeah, sour, mouth = ______________________________________
6. liver, cheek, golf = ______________________________________
7. boot, setter, nose = ______________________________________
8. short, packet, stacks = ______________________________________
9. shot, boat, skipper = ______________________________________
10. stake, hurtle, told = ______________________________________
11. mink, sofa, ten = ______________________________________
12. log, can, wish = ______________________________________
13. aim, soot, angle = ______________________________________
14. mouth, say, leek = ______________________________________
15. ore, hive, forth = ______________________________________

Change One Letter
Change one letter in each of the words in a group to get three new words that are
members of the same category.
X Example: bit, wall, globe = bat, ball, glove
1. line, cheery, gripe = ______________________________________
2. crush, come, hurlers = ______________________________________
3. clue, tale, stable = ______________________________________
4. trick, cur, ran = ______________________________________
5. brunch, swig, stock = ______________________________________
6. grain, plate, but = ______________________________________
7. halt, popper, glove = ______________________________________
8. torch, heat, small = ______________________________________
9. tick, sail, belt = ______________________________________
10. food, leg, stack = ______________________________________
11. gulf, crack, liking = ______________________________________
12. fate, deck, thin = ______________________________________
13. fowl, dash, class = ______________________________________
14. dour, well, flour = ______________________________________
15. main, hall, show = ______________________________________

Change One Letter—Create
Now it’s time to create some of your own word puzzles. Use three words that belong
to the same category. Change one letter in each word. Make sure the new words are
actual words. Remember to use common categories.
Here are three examples: orange = grange

green = greet
yellow = mellow
corn = torn
peas = pets
pumpkin = bumpkin
couch = touch
chair = choir
table = sable
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________________________
7. ________________________________________________________________
8. ________________________________________________________________
9. ________________________________________________________________
10. ________________________________________________________________

Numbers and General Information
Each number represents a common standard or value connected with general

information.
X Example: 26 L of the A = 26 letters of the alphabet
1. 7 D of the W ______________________________________
2. 52 C in a D ______________________________________
3. 12 M in a Y ______________________________________
4. 50 S in the U S ______________________________________
5. 60 M in an H ______________________________________
6. 18 H on a G C ______________________________________
7. 4 Q in a D ______________________________________
8. 3 S on a T ______________________________________
9. 52 W in a Y ______________________________________
10. 9 P on a B T ______________________________________
11. 24 H in a D ______________________________________
12. 36 I in a Y ______________________________________
13. 100 Y in a C ______________________________________
14. 2 P in a Q ______________________________________
15. 365 D in a Y ______________________________________

Double Meaning Deduction
Write the words that are being defined. All of the answers will relate to a common
theme. Write the theme on the line.
a. to go faster than a walk ______________________
b. “home” to military personnel ______________________
c. knocking all 10 pins down in bowling ______________________
d. a common stone for an engagement ring ______________________
e. container for lemonade ______________________
f. a mitten with fingers ______________________
g. what Cinderella went to ______________________
h. opposite of in ______________________
What is being described? ______________________
a. an elephant’s nose ______________________
b. to grow weary ______________________
c. the top of one’s mouth ______________________
d. islands in Florida ______________________
e. the car that pulls a train ______________________
f. comes before the Queen in a deck of cards ______________________
g. the part of a jacket or poncho that covers your head ______________________
h. a spectator at a baseball game ______________________
What is being described? ______________________

Double Meaning Deduction
Write the words that are being defined. All of the answers will relate to a common
theme. Write the theme on the line.
a. black parts of the eyes ______________________
b. enclosures for pigs ______________________
c. having style or sophistication ______________________
d. another name for kings or monarchs ______________________
e. what a doctor does to check you over ______________________
f. people who participate in an experiment ______________________
g. Someone who lives in Great Britian is this nationality. ______________________
h. what a pedigree dog has ______________________
Where am I? ______________________
a. a section of a building ______________________
b. a common household insect ______________________
c. what police give for speeding ______________________
d. to stumble over something ______________________
e. flying by the _____ of your pants ______________________
f. to broadcast on television ______________________
g. the light on a gas range ______________________
h. You buy an acre of this to plant crops. ______________________
What is it? ______________________

Deduction Puzzles
Using the clues, determine which teacher is in each room and which subject is being
taught.
Room 222 Room 223 Room 224 Room 225 Room 226
Teacher
Subject
1. The math teacher’s room is at the beginning of the hall.

2. Mr. Miller is a history teacher.
3. Miss Lee teaches in room 223.
4. Latin is taught in room 226.
5. Mrs. Burns and Miss Lee’s rooms are next to each other.
6. The computer instructor is in room 223.
7. The art teacher’s room is next to the Latin teacher’s room.
8. Room 224 is occupied by the history teacher.
9. The Latin teacher is Mrs. Smith.
10. Ms. Johns is a good friend of Mrs. Burns.
Using the clues, determine the names of each person’s mother and father.
Sally Joe Mary Tom Sarah
Mother
Father
1. Mary’s mother is Paula.

2. Bev has a daughter.
3. Sam and Maria are married.
4. Sally’s mother is Jane.
5. Gus is Sarah’s father.
6. Mary’s father is not Dick.
7. Paula is married to Pete.
8. Tom’s father is Chuck.
9. Theresa is not Joe’s mother.

Deduction Puzzles
Using the clues, determine who owns each store and what type of stores are in the
mall.
Store 1 Store 2 Store 3 Store 4 Store 5
Owner
Type
1. The drugstore owner is next to Leroy’s store.

2. Phil owns the second store.
3. Leroy runs the middle store.
4. The grocery store is nearest to the main entrance.
5. The card shop is owned by Alice.
6. Henrí owns the last store.
7. Mac owns a store on one of the ends.
8. The barbershop is not on an end.
9. Henrí owns the pet store.
Using the clues, determine who owns which pet and where each one lives.
dog horse cat fish
Owner
Home
1. There is a dog on the ranch.

2. Someone lives on a farm.
3. Jane does not live on the farm.
4. Dave owns the horse.
5. Carmen owns a cat.
6. The town house is owned by Tomas.
7. The horse is not owned by the apartment dweller.

Deduction Puzzles
Using the clues, determine who drives which type of vehicle and in which city each
person works.
Rick Pete Sam José Ralph
Vehicle
City
1. The New Yorker drives a cab.

2. Sam works in Chicago.
3. José does not work in Philadelphia.
4. Ralph works in San Francisco.
5. Pete engineers a train.
6. José drives a bus.
7. The airplane pilot does not work in Philadelphia.
8. The trolley driver works in San Francisco.
9. Someone works in Las Vegas.
Using the clues, determine who drove which car and what place each driver took in
the race.
Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 Lane 4
Driver
Car
Place
1. Willie won the race.

2. The Mustang was not in Lane 2.
3. Drag took second place.
4. B.J. drove a Camaro.
5. The Trans Am placed second.
6. The Toyota ran in Lane 4.
7. Race drove in Lane 3.
8. The car in Lane 1 took third place.
9. The Mustang came in fourth.

Deduction Puzzles
Using the clues, determine how many years each man served, in which country each
was stationed, and during which war each served.
General Major Captain Sergeant Corporal
Years served
Country
War
1. The captain served in North Korea.

2. The corporal served for one year.
3. The soldier in North Korea served for four years.
4. The sergeant served in England during World War I.
5. The soldier who fought in the Korean War served for four years.
6. The Vietnam War veteran was stationed in Laos.
7. The man who served for five years was stationed in France.
8. The General and the Major served in World War II.
9. The soldier who was stationed in the United States served for fifteen years.
10. The Major served for five years.
11. The soldier in England served three years.
Using the clues, determine who gives which kind of flower to his wife and in which
month.
Banker Lawyer Doctor Singer
Flower
Month
1. The singer gives his wife carnations.

2. Someone gives roses, but it is not the banker.
3. In April, this man’s wife receives lilies.
4. The lawyer gives his wife flowers in September.
5. One wife receives roses in October.
6. Daffodils are given by someone other than the doctor.
7. Someone gives flowers in June, but it is not the banker.

Deduction Puzzles
Using the clues, determine which country each missionary is in, what his religion is,
and how many years of service he has provided.
Stan Larry Clyde Charles Art
Years served
Religion
Country
1. The Mormon has been a missionary for 12 years.

2. Larry is not the Catholic.
3. One missionary has been in Ireland for 7 years.
4. The Belgium missionary has served for 9 years.
5. The Methodist has been a missionary for 7 years.
6. The Presbyterian has been in the mission field for 4 years.
7. Art serves in Belgium.
8. Charles has served for 12 years, but not in Africa.
9. The Lutheran missionary works in Switzerland.
10. One missionary has been in the field for 3 years.
11. Stan is Presbyterian.
12. Clyde is a missionary in Switzerland.
13. One missionary has been in Denmark for 12 years.
Using the clues, determine who hosts which game show.
Channel 2 Channel 5 Channel 7 Channel 9 Channel 11
Show
Host
1. Burt does not host “Guess My Job.”

2. Bob hosts the game show “Rummy.”
3. “Win a Trip” is hosted by Billy.
4. “Deal ‘Em” is shown on Channel 11.
5. “Win a Trip” is not shown on Channel 2.
6. “Rummy” is the show on Channel 5.
7. “Clues” is aired on Channel 7.
8. Barney works for Channel 2.
9. Buzz works for Channel 11.
Deduction Puzzles
Using the clues, determine the name and breed of each person’s dog.
Diane Nancy Marla Kathy Ann
Name
Breed
1. Fido is a mixed breed.

2. The terrier belongs to Diane.
3. Cinnamon is a chow chow.
4. Nancy does not own Rex.
5. Ann owns a German shepherd.
6. Kathy does not own the poodle or the mixed breed.
7. Marla owns Fifi.
8. Skippy is a terrier.
Using the clues, determine which college each woman attends, what year she is in,
and which gymnastic event is her specialty.
Mary Megan Maxine Molly
Year of College
Event
College
1. The gymnast from Ohio State does not excel in the floor exercises.
2. Megan is a sophomore.
3. The girl in Virginia performs on the uneven parallel bars.
4. Mary goes to Penn State University.
5. Molly goes to the University of Maryland.
6. The freshman goes to the University of Virginia.
7. The junior is best at vaulting.
8. Maxine is best on the uneven parallel bars.
9. Molly is not a senior.
10. The senior does not do a balance beam routine.

Roman Numeral Conversion
Convert the numbers in the box into Roman numerals. Then complete each word.
X Example: 11 = XI = EXIT
2000 1001 201

101 11 6
151 4 200
551 9 506
(1 = I 5=V 10 = X 50 = L 100 = C 500 = D 1000 = M)
1. _____mate
2. di_____sion
3. m_____er
4. su_____er
5. a_____elerate
6. ta_____ng
7. mi_____ne
8. a_____dent
9. dr_____er
10. i_____ng
11. a_____se
12. o_____ssion

Deduction by Exclusion
Read each direction and cross off the days on the calendar. You’ll be left with one date.
February
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat
1 Groundhog
2 3 4
Day
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 Valentine’s
14 15 16 17 18
Day
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28
1. It’s not three days before or three days after Valentine’s Day.
2. It’s not a date that is a multiple of three.
3. It’s not a day of the week that has the letter O in it.
4. It’s not an odd-numbered day.
5. It’s not on a weekday.
6. It’s not a date with two digits.
Which date is left? ___________________________________________

Deduction by Exclusion
Read each direction and cross off the days on the calendar. You’ll be left with one date.
January
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
1. It isn’t a date that’s a multiple of four.
2. It doesn’t fall on a weekday that begins with TH.
3. It doesn’t fall on a date where the two digits are the same.
4. It’s not evenly divisible by five.
5. It’s not on the second or fourth Sunday of the month.
6. It isn’t a date with one digit.
7. It isn’t on the weekend.
8. It’s not the second Monday of the month.
9. It isn’t two days before the 20th.
10. It’s not the fourth Wednesday or the last Tuesday.
Which date is left? ___________________________________________

Word Search—Opposites
Find the opposites of the words on the list. They can be vertical, horizontal, or
diagonal.
N I G H T E L D I
A K M R A D U L T
Z W R O N G G A A
E N E A R N O B M
D E T L I E O U E
I S T Y A V D Y R
E O A E P E A C E
O L C S E R A L H
P C S U M M E R T
no open always
child work war
sit gather here
right winter far
bad truth hairy
wild day sell

Logic Questions
Answer each question.
1. A bottle and a jar cost $1.10. The bottle costs

$1.00 more than the jar. What does each one cost? __________________
2. From 19, take one and leave 20.

(Hint: Think Roman numerals.) __________________
3. A frog fell into a 20-foot well. Every day it jumps

up 3 feet. At night, it falls back 2 feet. At this rate,
how many days will it take him to get out of the well? __________________
4. A young man driving some cows was asked how

many cows he had. He replied, “When the cows
are in line, there are 2 cows ahead of a cow, 2 cows
behind a cow, and 1 cow in the middle.” How many
cows did he have? __________________
5. During dinner, they ate all but 7 of the 15 hamburgers.

How many hamburgers were left? __________________
6. What are six words that can be found in HEREIN without transposing a
single letter?
1. _________________________ 4. _________________________
2. _________________________ 5. _________________________
3. _________________________ 6. _________________________

Logic Questions
Answer each question. Think beyond the obvious.
1. What was the largest ocean before Balboa discovered

the Pacific Ocean? __________________
2. How many crackers can you eat on an empty stomach? __________________
3. Three large, muscular men were walking under

a regular-sized umbrella but they didn’t get wet.
Why didn’t they get wet? __________________
4. What can a box be filled with so it is lighter than

when it is full of air? __________________
5. The only barber in town likes brunettes to go into

his shop. Last week he said, “The truth is that I’d
rather give two brunettes haircuts than to give a
haircut to one blonde.” What is the reasoning
behind this? __________________
6. A mother has six children and five potatoes. How

can she feed each an equal amount of potatoes?
(Do not use fractions.) __________________
7. Laura decides to ride her white stallion into the forest.

How far into the forest can she go? __________________
8. My friend Carolyn, the butcher, wears a size 10 shoe, is

5 feet tall, and wears a size 9 coat. What does she weigh? __________________
9. Last night, my aunt Linda was able to turn her bedroom

light off and get into bed before the room was dark. The
light switch and the bed are 12 feet apart. How did she
do this? __________________

Logic Questions
1. What occurs once in June and twice in August

but never occurs in December? __________________
2. What can you always find in the middle of taxicab? __________________
3. What word ends in T, contains VEN, and starts with IN ? __________________
4. What word becomes longer when the third letter

is removed? __________________
5. A man has 8 sons and each has 1 sister.

In total, how many children does the man have? __________________
6. It occurs once in a minute, twice in a week,

and once in a year. What is it? __________________
7. What is in the middle of a cigar? __________________
8. How much do 10 pieces of candy cost if

one thousand pieces cost $10? __________________
9. If “two’s company” and “three’s a crowd,”

what is four and five? __________________
10. Among my cohorts, I am the narrowest. I am

in Paris but I am not in France. What am I? __________________

Logic Questions
1. A doctor has a brother who is an attorney in Chicago,

but the attorney in Chicago does not have a brother
who is a doctor. How is this possible? __________________
2. Pete asks, “If Chuck’s son is my son’s father,

how am I related to Chuck?” __________________
3. If your uncle’s sister is related to you but

she is not your aunt, what is the relation? __________________
4. A group of explorers found a cave. One of them

is congratulated by a younger son who then sends
a telegram to his father telling of the discovery.
Who discovered the cave? __________________
5. Can a man marry his brother’s wife’s mother-in-law? __________________
6. Is a man allowed to marry his widow’s sister? __________________
7. Danielle is looking at the portrait of a man. She says,

“He’s not my father but his mother was my mother’s
mother-in-law.” Who is the man? __________________
8. A man was looking at a photograph. He said,

“Brothers and sisters? I have none but this man’s
son is my father’s son.” Who was in the photograph? __________________
9. A woman was looking at a photograph. She said,

“Brothers and sisters? I have one. And this man’s
father is my father’s son.” Who was in the photograph? __________________

Word Wheel
Create words by moving from one letter to another that’s connected. You can use
a letter more than once. The letters must be connected on the wheel in the same
order as the word you want to build. The words should be three letters or more.
X Example: You can build the word east, but not the word seat because the
letter A isn’t connected to the letter T.
S N
T R
1. ___________________________ 11. ___________________________
2. ___________________________ 12. ___________________________
3. ___________________________ 13. ___________________________
4. ___________________________ 14. ___________________________
5. ___________________________ 15. ___________________________
6. ___________________________ 16. ___________________________
7. ___________________________ 17. ___________________________
8. ___________________________ 18. ___________________________
9. ___________________________ 19. ___________________________
10. ___________________________ 20. ___________________________

Build the Answer
Fill in the answers on the grid using the clues. The letters in the circles will spell out
the answer to the question at the bottom of the page.
1. a woman who rules over a kingdom 7. worn on a scuba diver’s feet

2. a reptile with a shell 8. the ground between mountains
3. breezy 9. a two-wheeled vehicle propelled
4. the seed on an oak tree by pedaling
5. where you go out to eat 10. decayed, spoiled, rancid
6. what you take with a camera 11. opposite of same
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
What number is written as 1 followed by 18 zeros? ___________________________

Combined Associated Words
Cross out the letters as described in each item. The letters for each word are in order.
Then write both words on the line.
X Example: Cross out the bird and leave its home. r no e b is n t robin, nest
1. Cross out the animal

and leave its home. ld ie o n n _____________________
2. Cross out the state
and leave the city. ld B o a is h o e _____________________
3. Cross out the fire
and leave what burns. flpaapmeer _____________________
4. Cross out the tree
and leave its nut. oaacorkn _____________________
5. Cross out the emotion and
leave the facial expression. h s a m p p in ile e s s _____________________
6. Cross out the sport
and leave the equipment. b g a ls e o bva e ll _____________________
7. Cross out the event
and leave the performer. c c ir lowc u n s _____________________
8. Cross out the suit
and leave the card. h je a a c r k t s _____________________
9. Cross out the month
and leave the day. J M u o n n d a ey _____________________
10. Cross out the temperature
and leave the weather. c o s n lowd y _____________________
11. Cross out the ocean
and leave the river. P Na c iilf ie c _____________________
12. Cross out the man
and leave his discovery. Fe l ra e c n t r k ilc iin t y _____________________
13. Cross out the building
and leave the room. hoduesne _____________________
14. Cross out the animal
and leave its baby. ck ia t t t e n _____________________

Combined Associated Words
Cross out the letters as described in each item. The letters for each word are in order.
Then write both words on the line.
X Example: Cross out the bird and leave its home. r no e b is n t robin, nest
1. Cross out the fish

and leave the bait. f wlo o u n r d m e r _____________________
2. Cross out the food
and leave the drink. s c t o fe fa e ke _____________________
3. Cross out the meal
and leave the dessert. d ic n a n ke r e _____________________
4. Cross out the stone
and leave the metal. g c r o a p p n e ir t e _____________________
5. Cross out the school
and leave the subject. co E n lg llie s g h e _____________________
6. Cross out the furniture
and leave the material. cs o a u t ic n h _____________________
7. Cross out the container
and leave the food. c ac e r r t e a o ln _____________________
8. Cross out the sport
and leave the equipment. h p o u ck ckey _____________________
9. Cross out the month
and leave the day. ATu u es g u d a s y t _____________________
10. Cross out the tool
and leave the hardware. h n a a m ilm e r _____________________
11. Cross out the spice
and leave the container. s s ha a k le t r _____________________
12. Cross out the clothing
and leave the fastener. jz a ip ck p e e r t _____________________
13. Cross out the jewelry
and leave the gemstone. b e ra m c e e r le a t ld _____________________
14. Cross out the building
and leave the cash. b m o a n n ey k _____________________

Separating
Separate the combined words in each item. The letters for each word are in order.
A clue is given for each set of words.
X Example: two animals cdaotg cat dog
1. two things you read bm a o g a zo in ke ___________ ___________
2. two colors pg u r r p e e ln e ___________ ___________
3. two animals ti b g e e a r r ___________ ___________
4. two pieces of furniture c t a h b a lir e ___________ ___________
5. two articles of clothing s p h ia n r t t s ___________ ___________
6. two body parts l e e lb o g w ___________ ___________
7. two numbers ts e ev n e n ___________ ___________
8. two wall hangings pm ic it r u r e r o r ___________ ___________
9. two occupations c b h a r e b fe r ___________ ___________
10. two trees m s a p p lr u e c e ___________ ___________
11. two sports bg a o s e lb fa ll ___________ ___________
12. two birds r wo r b e n in ___________ ___________
13. two emotions ha a n p p g e in r e s s ___________ ___________
14. two desserts c p ia ke e ___________ ___________
15. two spices pc e in p n a p m e r o n ___________ ___________

Separating
Separate the combined words in each item. The letters for each word are in order.
A clue is given for each set of words.
X Example: two animals cdaotg cat dog
1. two types of music j ro a c z z k ___________ ___________
2. two colors oy ra e n g lle ow ___________ ___________
3. two sports bt o r x ia n g ck ___________ ___________
4. two things you wear

on your feet ss lh ip o e p e s r s ___________ ___________
5. two rooms in a house b ke it d c r o h o e m n ___________ ___________
6. two articles of clothing bl co o u a s e t ___________ ___________
7. two writing implements pc e ra nyo c in l ___________ ___________
8. two sharp items k s c in is s fo e r s ___________ ___________
9. two kinds of water

transportation sc a h n io p e ___________ ___________
10. two kinds of fish fl to u u n n d e a r ___________ ___________
11. two window coverings s blh ia d n d e s s ___________ ___________
12. two of your senses s sig m e h lt l ___________ ___________
13. two insects wa a n s t p ___________ ___________
14. two pieces of silverware fk n o r if ke ___________ ___________
15. two things you mail pl o s e t t c t a e r d r ___________ ___________

Numerical Sequences
Complete each number sequence.
1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ____, ____, ____
2. 1, 2, ____, ____, 5, 6, ____, ____, 9, ____
3. 2, 4, 6, ____, ____, ____, 14
4. 1, 3, 5, ____, ____, ____, ____
5. 15, 14, 13, ____, ____, ____, 9, 8
6. 20, 18, 16, ____, ____, ____, 8, 6
7. 5, 10, 15, ____, ____, 30, 35
8. 100, 95, 90, 85, ____, ____, ____, 65
9. 10, 20, 30, ____, ____, 60, 70
10. 90, 80, ____, ____, 50, 40
11. 3, 6, 9, 12, ____, ____, 21
12. 30, 27, 24, ____, ____, 15, 12
13. 1, 8, ____, 22, 29
14. 100, 94, 88, ____, ____, 70
15. 8, 12, ____, ____, ____, 28
16. 40, 36, ____, 28, ____, ____, 16
17. 15, 30, ____, 60, ____
18. 0, 8, 16, ____, ____, 40, 48
19. 13, 26, 52, ____, ____, 416
20. 600, 300, 150, ____

Numerical Sequences
Complete each number sequence. Hint: These have two-step sequences.
1. 10, 20, 17, 34, 31, ____, ____
2. 5, 10, 11, 22, 23, ____, ____
3. 200, 100, 104, 52, 56, ____, ____
4. 2, 12, 10, 20, 18, ____, ____
5. 5, 15, 20, 60, 65, ____, ____
6. 10, 6, 14, 10, 18, ____, ____
7. 600, 300, 320, 160, 180, ____, ____
8. 2718, 906, 900, 300, 294, ____, ____
9. 2, 7, 14, 19, 38, ____, ____
10. 57, 54, 52, 49, 47, ____, ____
11. 4, 16, 8, 32, 16, ____, ____
12. 12, 7, 21, 16, 48, ____, ____
13. 1000, 500, 496, 248, 244, ____, ____
14. 16, 28, 32, 44, 48, ____, ____
15. 15, 18, 36, 39, 78, ____, ____
16. 5, 25, 24, 120, 119, ____, ____
17. 5, 3, 8, 6, 11, ____, ____
18. 10, 16, 48, 54, 162, ____, ____
19. 25, 20, 60, 55, 165, ____, ____
20. 4, 14, 28, 38, 76, ____, ____

Acrostics
Use the clues to determine the saying in the puzzle. The numbers of the letters
correspond to the numbers in the puzzle.
A. proof that can be used in a trial ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
45 12 3 37 29 49 17 8
B. what a king sits on ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

22 47 34 24 16 11
C. a housekeeper ____ ____ ____ ____

25 31 48 14
D. a long time period ____ ____ ____

36 41 28
E. the opposite of gives ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

5 21 7 15 42
F. trenches around a castle ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

2 43 1 33 23
G. a kind of carpet ____ ____ ____ ____

32 20 6 50
H. one of the things in your mouth ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
46 27 39 19 30
I. neckwear for men ____ ____ ____ ____

38 35 26 10
J. singular of the verb to be ____ ____

9 4
K. a coin worth 10 cents ____ ____ ____ ____

40 13 44 18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
38 39 40 41
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Acrostics
Use the clues to determine the saying in the puzzle. The numbers of the letters
correspond to the numbers in the puzzle.
A. between sunset and sunrise ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

4 17 14 34 28
B. equals 60 seconds ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

2 3 33 36 22 27
C. what you walk on ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

9 42 12 38 26
D. what many people live in ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

29 25 13 18 7
E. not this one, but ______ one ____ ____ ____ ____
16 15 1 6
F. opposite of man ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

19 8 24 32 31
G. an eating utensil ____ ____ ____ ____

39 20 37 43
H. to harm or cause pain ____ ____ ____ ____

23 5 21 40
I. a grain ____ ____ ____

35 41 10
J. a sound of laughter ____ ____

11 30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
38 39 40 41 42 43

Describe Without Naming
Describe these items/terms without using their names.
1. grandfather’s clock 21. worm
2. softness 22. aluminum can
3. carpet 23. nail file
4. trust 24. paint
5. pirate 25. fishing pole
6. heart 26. cheese
7. running 27. seat belt
8. democracy 28. octopus
9. ship 29. bridge
10. story 30. apartment
11. yogurt 31. electric can opener
12. emergency 32. sailboat
13. bells 33. trophy
14. computer 34. hamburger
15. coast 35. snow
16. vest 36. rock
17. natural 37. trial
18. alarm 38. water
19. nation 39. August
20. fast-food restaurant 40. odometer

Advertisements
Give a one- or two-minute advertisement for each product.
1. a remote-control lawn mower
2. a plant that never needs watering
3. a car that gets 175 miles per gallon of gas
4. an eternal youth pill
5. a voice-run computer
6. a dust-free house
7. a pair of shoes that have springs built into the soles
8. a pen that never runs out of ink
9. a sailboat that will never tip over
10. a voice-activated television
11. grass that never needs to be mowed
12. unbreakable windows
13. clothing that makes you invisible
14. a picture telephone
15. low-calorie candy
16. pets that talk
17. an electric fishing hook
18. clothing that never needs to be washed
19. a food that makes you a genius
20. chewing gum that never loses its taste

Analogies
We think analogously throughout the day. When we make comparisons between people,
we use analogous relationships (e.g., Mary has blonde hair, Susan is a redhead). When
we are trying to decide what to eat for lunch, we may process “If I am really hungry, I will
get a hamburger but if I am not very hungry, I will just get a salad.” If we are trying to decide
what breed of puppy to buy, we may think “the Labrador is friendly but the poodle is more
reserved.” This form of reasoning helps in our ability to compare and contrast items and to
make fact-based decisions based on the relationships.
Analogies incorporate multiple levels of verbal reasoning. They require your client to
determine the relationship between the first set of items. To do so, your client must use
the following processes:
• opposites • object/function
• part/whole • object/place
• synonyms • location
• characteristics • categorization
• word meaning • numerical reasoning
• associated words
Once your client has determined the relationship, he needs to retain the process and apply
it to the second set of items in the analogy. This is a difficult task as frequently your client
will try to solve the analogy as two separate entities. Thus, the format of the tasks in this
section approach solving analogies from various directions to stimulate flexibility and insure
that the process is truly understood and applied to both sets of the analogy.
Verbal Reasoning—Analogies
Completing Analogies
Fill in the missing part of each analogy.
1. Happy is to glad as sad is to ____________________.
2. Doctor is to medicine as banker is to ____________________.
3. Beans are to chili as eggs are to ____________________.
4. Steering wheel is to car as handlebars are to ____________________.
5. Chicken is to poultry as mouse is to ____________________.
6. Three is to triangle as four is to ____________________.
7. Red is to stop as yellow is to ____________________.
8. Acrophobia is to heights as claustrophobia is to ____________________.
9. Cleopatra is to Antony as Juliet is to ____________________.
10. Mother is to child as lioness is to ____________________.
11. Grass is to yard as cement is to ____________________.
12. Zipper is to pants as buttons are to ____________________.
13. Charlie Brown is to Peanuts as Dorothy is to ____________________.
14. Sunrise is to east as sunset is to ____________________.
15. Heart is to pump blood as stomach is to ____________________.
16. Book is to read as aspirin is to ____________________.
17. Cheer is to stadium as whisper is to ____________________.
18. Cucumbers are to pickles as cabbage is to ____________________.
19. Cactus is to desert as seaweed is to ____________________.
20. Paint is to wall as varnish is to ____________________.
Analogies—Complete the Second Half
Fill in the missing parts of the analogy.
1. Hair is to head as _________________ is to _________________.
2. Grand Canyon is to Arizona as _________________ is to _________________.
3. Blue is to sky as _________________ is to _________________.
4. Den is to lion as _________________ is to _________________.
5. Ink is to pen as _________________ is to _________________.
6. White is to snow as _________________ is to _________________.
7. Refrigerator is to electricity as _________________ is to _________________.
8. Television is to watch as _________________ is to _________________.
9. Sante Fe is to New Mexico as _________________ is to _________________.
10. Doctor is to hospital as _________________ is to _________________.
11. Rug is to floor as _________________ is to _________________.
12. Hot is to fire as _________________ is to _________________.
13. Cantaloupe is to fruit as _________________ is to _________________.
14. Fingers are to hand as _________________ are to _________________.
15. Plane is to sky as _________________ is to _________________.
16. Six is to four as _________________ is to _________________.
17. Flower is to rose as _________________ is to _________________.
18. Tie is to man as _________________ is to _________________.
19. Glove is to baseball as _________________ is to _________________.
20. Swim is to fish as _________________ is to ___________________.
1. Whale is to mammal as _______________ is to _______________.
2. Notes are to music as _______________ are to _______________.
3. Water is to ocean as _______________ is to _______________.
4. Blood is to red as _______________ is to _______________.
5. Keys are to piano as _______________ are to _______________.
6. Arrow is to bow as _______________ is to _______________.
7. Wet is to water as _______________ is to _______________.
8. Pyramid is to Egypt as _______________ is to _______________.
9. Army is to land as _______________ is to _______________.
10. New York Times is to newspaper as _______________ is to _______________.
11. Flounder is to fish as _______________ is to _______________.
12. Water is to drink as _______________ is to _______________.
13. Tires are to car as _______________ are to _______________.
14. Cat is to feline as _______________ is to _______________.
15. Paddle is to canoe as _______________ is to _______________.
16. Perfume is to woman as _______________ is to _______________.
17. Baby is to infant as _______________ is to _______________.
18. Hot is to coffee as _______________ is to _______________.
19. Hands are to clock as _______________ are to _______________.
20. Beef is to meat as _______________ is to _______________.
1. Children are to toys as _______________ are to _______________.
2. Dark is to night as _______________ is to _______________.
3. Letter is to envelope as _______________ is to _______________.
4. Frog is to pond as _______________ is to _______________.
5. Shampoo is to hair as _______________ is to _______________.
6. Horn is to car as _______________ is to _______________.
7. Baseball is to throw as _______________ is to _______________.
8. Chair is to sit as _______________ is to _______________.
9. Sand is to beach as _______________ is to _______________.
10. Bird is to chirp as _______________ is to _______________.
11. London is to England as _______________ is to _______________.
12. Smile is to happy as _______________ is to _______________.
13. Warm is to summer as _______________ is to _______________.
14. Knee is to leg as _______________ is to _______________.
15. Collar is to shirt as _______________ is to _______________.
16. Producer is to movie as _______________ is to _______________.
17. Sofa is to living room as _______________ is to _______________.
18. Mug is to coffee as _______________ is to _______________.
19. Necklace is to neck as _______________ is to _______________.
20. Leaf is to tree as _______________ is to _______________.
Analogies—Complete the First Section
1. _______________ is to actor as _______________ is to politician.
2. _______________ is to see as _______________ is to hear.
3. _______________ are to foot as _______________ are to hand.
4. _______________ is to food as _______________ is to drink.
5. _______________ is to TV as _______________ is to radio.
6. _______________ is to wood as _______________ is to metal.
7. _______________ is to doctor as _______________ are to dentist.
8. _______________ is to down as _______________ is to right.
9. _______________ is to car as _______________ is to airplane.
10. _______________ is to dollar bill as _______________ is to quarter.
11. _______________ is to Valentine’s Day as _______________ is to Thanksgiving.
12. _______________ is to paper as _______________ is to glass.
13. _______________ is to white as _______________ is to red.
14. _______________ is to beef as _______________ is to pork.
15. _______________ is to bird as _______________ is to fish.
16. _______________ is to the White House as _______________ is to the Vatican.
17. _______________ is to computer as _______________ is to television.
18. _______________ is to sour as _______________ is to sweet.
19. _______________ is to clock as _______________ is to calendar.
20. _______________ is to morning as _______________ is to evening.
Analogies—Complete the First Section
1. _______________ is to mammal as _______________ is to furniture.
2. _______________ is to dictionary as _______________ is to phone book.
3. _______________ is to number as _______________ is to letter.
4. _______________ is to England as _______________ is to France.
5. _______________ is to song as _______________ is to book.
6. _______________ is to black as _______________ is to white.
7. _______________ is to shirt as _______________ is to pants.
8. _______________ is to heavy as _______________ is to light.
9. _______________ is to Italian as _______________ is to Chinese.
10. _______________ is to bicycle as _______________ is to car.
11. _______________ is to breakfast as _______________ is to lunch.
12. _______________ is to Denver as _______________ is to San Diego.
13. _______________ is to laugh as _______________ is to cry.
14. _______________ is to thousand as _______________ is to hundred.
15. _______________ is to zoologist as _______________ is to meteorologist.
16. _______________ is to east as _______________ is to south.
17. _______________ is to insect as _______________ is to bird.
18. _______________ is to swimmer as _______________ is to hiker.
19. _______________ is to wedding as _______________ is to funeral.
20. _______________ is to baseball as _______________ is to football.
Paragraph Comprehension
The paragraphs in this section not only involve understanding and recalling content but
the questions involve making inferences or reading between the lines. This ability to make
inferences is a necessary component in effective verbal reasoning. Your client cannot make
accurate determinations if he cannot identify, interpret, and apply the inferential information.
This is a skill needed in daily life. For example, when medication specifies Take on an empty
stomach, you need to make the inference that the pill should be taken before a meal. If the
label on a shirt says to wash in cold water only, the inference needs to be made that the
shirt is not to be washed in warm water. If an employer says that he wants a worker to make
better use of his time, the worker needs to take the appropriate steps to improve his time
management skills.
Verbal Reasoning—Paragraph Comprehension

Story Inferences
Read each paragraph. Then answer the questions.
The police officer was apprehensive about entering the abandoned apartment
building. She wasn’t sure if the electricity was working and it was dark outside.
She knew there were at least two gunmen inside. She decided to wait to go
inside until backup officers arrived.
1. Why is the police officer apprehensive about entering the building?

2. How can the police officer tell the building is abandoned?
3. Why does the police officer wonder if the electricity is on?
4. What time of day is it?
5. How did the police officer know there were gunmen in the building?
6. Why did the police officer decide to wait for the backup officers?
She went to the supermarket on the way home from work. It took her several
minutes to find an empty parking space. Once inside, she walked through the
aisles trying to decide what to have for dinner. She knew her husband would like
to cook fish, but her children would rather eat tacos. She decided to get chicken
instead, which is her favorite.
1. Where does this story take place?

2. About what time do you think it is?
3. Why do you think the supermarket is so crowded this time of day?
4. How did she get to the supermarket? How do you know?
5. What decision is the woman trying to make?
6. Does the woman have more than one child? How do you know?

Story Inferences
Nine students from the Hiking Club decided to take a hike through the state
park. When they started out, the sun was directly overhead. After hiking several
hours, they were tired, hungry, and hot. They began to argue about what they
should do next. Half of the group decided to head for home. The remaining
students continued to hike directly toward the setting sun.
1. What kind of day do you think it is?

2. At what time did the group start hiking? How do you know?
3. How long did the group hike?
4. Was the group well-prepared for the hike? How do you know?
5. Why did half of the students decide to head for home?
6. In what direction did the ones who turned back hike?
In the middle of the week, a woman took her car to the car dealer to get
a tune-up and have her air conditioning repaired. She had to wait several
minutes before someone waited on her. When the mechanic finally appeared,
he apologized for the wait. He explained that many of the workers were on
their lunch break. She told the mechanic what she wanted done and gave
him the keys. The mechanic said her car would be ready the next morning.
1. About what hour of the day is it?

2. What day of the week would you guess it is?
3. What time of year is it? How do you know?
4. What do you think the mechanic was doing before he helped the woman?
5. Why did the woman give the mechanic her keys?
6. What do you think the woman will do if her car isn’t ready in the morning?

Story Inferences
A family entered the animal shelter to choose a puppy. They stood for a long
time trying to decide if they wanted the golden retriever or the beagle. The
mother asked to see the two puppies. Her child played with each puppy for a
few minutes. They decided to buy the beagle because she was the only female
and seemed friendlier. They also thought the smaller dog would be better for
where they live.
1. Why was it a good idea for the family to choose a puppy from the animal shelter?
2. At least how many people are in this family?
3. Why did the mother want her child to play with each puppy?
4. What differences are there between the two puppies?
5. Why would a friendly dog be important for the family?
6. Where do you think the family lives? How can you tell?
The couple has been preparing since early this morning. They hope everything
will be perfect. The guests are expected to arrive any minute. The couple works
together to set the table and to make sure everything is ready. They hear the
doorbell ring and people begin coming in. At the end of the evening, everyone
thanks the hosts for a wonderful time. Everything turned out great but now the
couple is exhausted. They decide to leave the mess and head straight for bed.
1. What is the couple preparing?

2. What might be the special occasion?
3. Is the couple nervous about the event? How do you know?
4. Were a lot of guests at their home? How can you tell?
5. Can you tell if the couple lives in an apartment or a house?
6. What time of day is the party?

Visual Reasoning
Visual reasoning involves visually perceiving information and interpreting it in the correct
manner. When something is perceived incorrectly, problem solving and reasoning skills
are affected. The tasks in this section provide a variety of levels of visual stimuli, including
pictures, shapes, and figures, to improve your client’s ability to see visual stimuli correctly
and to correctly interpret it. As your client works through these exercises, he will need to
think logically and make judgments about the information he sees. The skills he uses to
interpret the visual information will improve his ability to solve problems in his daily life.
Visual Analogies
The analogies in this section include solving picture analogies and completing figural
analogies. Analogies require your client to determine the relationship between the first
set of items. Then your client must retain the relationship and apply it to the second set
of items in the analogy. This process stimulates thinking logically and linking two sets
together.
In the picture analogies, your client will need to determine relationships based on
associations, function, object/agent, part/whole, location, and progression. In the figural
analogies, your client will need to determine relationships based on size, direction/rotation,
shading, part/whole, number of sides or parts, and shape. Effective visual reasoning is
contingent upon the ability to identify and utilize these processing patterns.
We utilize the ability to think visually analogously throughout the day. For example, when
parking a car, we know that a small car will fit in a small parking spot just as a larger car
will fit in a large parking spot or that a large suitcase will fit in a car trunk if it is placed on
its side whereas a gym bag will fit upright. Frequently, someone who has brain dysfunction
is not able to effectively use this level of visual reasoning in his daily life. The analogies in
this section will aid in reestablishing the ability to visually reason which will help determine
correct actions in daily activities.
Visual Reasoning—Visual Analogies

Picture Analogies
Circle the picture on the right that solves each analogy.
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Picture Analogies
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Picture Analogies
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Picture Analogies
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Figural Analogies—One Factor
Draw the figure to complete each analogy.
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Figural Analogies—Two Factors
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Figural Analogies—Three Factors
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
z
. . . .
.
z
is to as . is to
. . .
. .
is to as is to

is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Drawing Analogy Pairs—One Factor
Look at each analogy pair. Then draw its match to complete each analogy.
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Drawing Analogy Pairs—One Factor
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Drawing Analogy Pairs—Two Factors
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Drawing Analogy Pairs—Two Factors
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to
is to as is to

Visual Figure-Ground
The tasks in this section provide practice perceiving and locating a form or object within a
busy field. This skill is needed when trying to locate a screwdriver amidst other tools in the
tool box, when trying to locate the tomato soup can amidst the many other varieties of soup
cans on the supermarket shelf, or when trying to locate your car in a parking lot.
These tasks provide practice locating multiple items within the whole and locating a part
within a whole. Both of these abilities are needed when using figure-ground skills to aid
a person’s visual reasoning abilities.
Visual Reasoning—Visual Figure–Ground

Locating Items
The three shapes on the left are in the box on the right. The shapes will be the same
size but may be rotated. Shade in each one you find.

Locating Items
The items you will be looking for will be different sizes.
How many 2’s are in this box?

Mark them.
Total = _____
How many circles are in this box?

Mark them.
Total = _____

Locating Items
The items you will be looking for will be different sizes.
How many S’s are in this box?

Mark them.
Total = _____
How many stars are in this box?

Mark them.
Total = _____

Embedded Shapes
Look at the figures in the small boxes. Two of them are in the larger picture. Shade
the shapes on the larger picture. The shapes will be the same size and won’t be
rotated.

Embedded Shapes
rotated.

Embedded Shapes
rotated.

Embedded Shapes
rotated.

Visual Sequencing
The tasks in this section address two different visual sequencing skills. The tasks in this
section address two different visual sequencing skills.
1. Figural sequences that require your client to identify a progression of visual

changes and then to use that deduction for providing the next item in a sequence.
2. Connect-the-dots activities that require your client to correctly sequence using

different formats with the overlying picture content providing additional cues for
successful visual reasoning. This task also stimulates the process of scanning
ahead for anticipated visual stimuli in order to complete the task successfully.
The ability to determine and use a progression in visual stimuli is needed for such things
as trying to determine what size pants a child may wear in a few months, determining
how the weather may change from season to season, or knowing when and how things
are growing in a vegetable garden. The ability to connect one object or picture to another
to develop a successful visual plan is needed for such things as putting up a wallpaper
border, setting a table, or arranging things on a shelf so they are aesthetically pleasing.
Both of these skills are needed to make effective and logical reasoning decisions regarding
visual sequencing.
Visual Reasoning—Visual Sequencing

Figural Sequences—One Factor
Circle the shape that continues each sequence.

Figural Sequences—One Factor
Draw the next shape in each sequence.

Figural Sequences—Two Factors
Circle the shape that continues each sequence.

Figural Sequences—Two Factors

Figural Sequences—Three Factors

Figural Sequences—Varying Number of Factors

Figural Sequences—Varying Number of Factors

Connect the Dots—Alphabetical
This connect-the-dots puzzle has pictures instead of numbers. Each picture begins
with a different letter of the alphabet (A-R) and the letters are used once. Figure
out what word each picture illustrates, then connect the dots in alphabetical order—
starting with A. (Hint: A = arrow)

Connect the Dots—Numerical
Connect the dots in order to make a picture. First try to visualize what the picture
will be. Then start at 1 and connect one dot to the next without picking up your pencil.
Try to scan ahead with your eyes and make a continuous movement.
12 15
11 13
29
10
30
8 14
9
28
16 27
7
17
6
5
22
26
4 21
18
25
3
24
23
2
20
19

Connect the Dots—Alternating
will be. Then start at 1 and connect one dot to the next without picking up your pencil.
Try to scan ahead with your eyes and make a continuous movement.
Pattern: Connect the dots by alternating numbers and letters (1, A, 2, B, 3 . . .).

Connect the Dots—Integration
will be. Begin at START and connect one dot to the next without picking up your
pencil. Try to scan ahead with your eyes and make a continuous movement.
Pattern: Connect the dots to spell “This is for integration of cognitive skills.”

Visual Closure and Reasoning
The tasks in this section provide a variety of stimuli for your client to improve his visual
closure and reasoning skills. Visual closure skills are needed to determine if visual stimuli
is complete or if it is missing salient features. This skill is needed when scanning a check
to insure that all blanks have been completed or to determine if all sections of a garden
have been planted as mentally planned. Not only does your client need to determine
completeness, he must have adequate visual reasoning skills to accurately fill in the
missing information. These tasks address the identification and completion skills needed
for effective visual closure.
The mirror images and figural grid activities add additional components to the visual
reasoning tasks. When providing a mirror image, your client must reverse the information
in order to draw the figure correctly. When completing the figural grid, your client must
determine two different relationships (i.e., the actual figures used and what goes inside
the figures) and determine the direction the relationship flows in the grid. These tasks will
help your client improve his ability to manipulate factors which will lead to greater thought
flexibility and more versatile reasoning skills.
When determining the differences between pictures, multiple processes become involved.
Your client must be able to visually scan all quadrants of a picture and then compare
that stored information to a visually similar picture. In addition, your client will anticipate
possibilities for what he feels might be changed and then visually reason and compare
to determine if his thoughts were correct. These types of skills are needed for a variety
of daily activities, such as scanning a dinner table to determine if all needed items are
on the table as well as realizing that differences will occur from one night to the next.
The picture inference tasks will help your client interpret visual stimuli which leads to making
an inferential decision. Your client needs to be able to interpret what he sees and to make
fact-based deductions about the information in order to have effective visual reasoning skills.
The picture tasks with false information will help your client identify when incongruities are
being presented. This skill is needed for determining when an error might have been written
in instructions or in a recipe, when dressing and making sure your socks match and only
one sweater is worn, or when trying to decide what is factual verses inferential information
presented in an advertisement.
Visual Reasoning—Visual Closure and Reasoning

Closure
Circle the shape that completes each square.

Closure
Circle the shape that completes each square.

Mirror Images
Draw the mirror image for each picture.

Mirror Images
Draw the mirror image for each picture.

Figural Grid
Complete each grid. There is one thing that is the same for the items across each
row. There will also be one thing the same down each row. Each grid will have
different factors.

Figural Grid
Complete each grid. There must be one thing that is the same for the items across
each row. There will also be one thing the same down each row. Each grid will have
different factors.

Differences Between Pictures
Locate at least 10 differences between the pictures.




Picture Inferences
Answer the question about each picture.
What might have caused the plant to wilt? Why might the man be taking his dog here?
What is this couple doing? Why isn’t this deli open for business?

Picture Inferences
Answer the questions about each picture.
Why might the police officer have What time of day is it? How do
stopped this car? you know?
How might this woman have gotten a Why might this man be upset?
flat tire? What do you think will happen next?

Picture Inferences
Why might this girl have mixed feelings What problem do you think this couple
about her report card? is having? How can you tell?
Why do you think this boy is in bed? Why might the dog be looking at an
How do you know? empty dish?

Picture Inferences
Why might this man be crawling under What is about to happen? What will
the bed? the cat do? What will the boy do?
What is happening? Why is this Why is this woman running after

happening? the bus?

Picture Incongruities
Identify what doesn’t make sense in each picture.



Drawing
The three tasks in this section are very high level and require multiple levels of visual
reasoning, including organization and the ability to mentally manipulate visual plans in
your head. These tasks should be used with clients who have a specific need for this
type of visual task (e.g., architect, engineer, interior designer). The tasks involve multiple
levels of deduction and visual planning which can help your client be successful in his job.
Visual Reasoning—Drawing
Directions—Grid
Sketch out Kathy’s vacation route on the grid. Then answer the questions.
Starting from the beach house (B), she travels 4 miles south to the beach, then
5 miles east to the boat dock, 2 miles north to the souvenir store, then 3 miles
west to Arthur’s Seafood Restaurant, and 2 miles north to pick up the kids from
the miniature golf course. From there, she goes directly home to the beach house.
Note: Each square equals one mile.
1. How far is the beach house from the miniature golf course?
2. In which direction did Kathy travel to go directly home to the beach

house from the miniature golf course?
3. How long was the total route?
Draw Figure to Scale
Draw the railroad crossing sign to scale on the grid provided. It is recommended that
you start at the base and work upward.
Note: Each square equals 6 square inches.
Floor Plan Sketch
Using the grid on the next page, sketch a floor plan of a living room. It must include
all of the following items. Make sure that you make it proportional. There are multiple
ways it can be done, so design the room however you want.
Note: Each square equals 6 square inches.
Items to include:
Size of room: 16 feet by 20 feet (16 ’ x 20 ’)
Windows:
1. Bay window – 6 ’ wide; it has a 9 ’’ windowsill that juts into the room.
2. One window – 3 ’ wide.
Doors:
There are two doorways leading to other parts of the house; each is 3’ wide.
Furniture:
1. Sofa is 6½ ’ long and 3 ’ wide.
2. Recliner is 3 square feet when not extended – 5 ’ when extended.
3. Two end tables are 2 ’ x 2 ’.
4. One floor lamp – its base is 9 ’’ in diameter.
5. Entertainment Center is 6 ’ x 3 ’.
6. Bookshelf is 4 ’ x 1½ ’.
7. Two table lamps are average size.
8. Magazine rack is 1 ’ x 1½ ’.
9. Straight-back chair is 1½ ’ x 1½ ’.
10. Coffee table is 5 ’ x 2 ’.
Floor Plan Sketch
Resources
X Evidence-Based Research Articles Regarding Therapy for Cognitive-Communication Disorders
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2006). Treatment efficacy summary: Aphasia resulting
from left hemisphere stroke. Retrieved 12/23/06 from www.asha.org.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2006). Treatment efficacy summary: Cognitive-

communication disorders resulting from right hemisphere brain damage. Retrieved 12/23/06 from
www.asha.org.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2006). Treatment efficacy summary: Cognitive-

communication disorders resulting from traumatic brain injury. Retrieved 12/23/06 from www.asha.org.
Boghal, S.K., Teasell, R.W., Foley, N.C., & Speechley, M.R. (2003). Rehabilitation of aphasia: More is better.
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 10(2), 66-76.
Carney, N., Chestnut, R., Maynard, H., Mann, N.C., Patterson, P., & Helfand, M. (1999). Effect of cognitive
rehabilitation on outcomes for persons with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. Journal of Head
Trauma Research, 14(3), 277-307.
Cicerone, K.D., Dahlberg, C., Kalmar, K., Langenbahn, D.M., Malec, J., Bergquist, T.F., et al. (2000).
Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Recommendations for clinical practice. Archives of Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(12), 1596-1615.
Cicerone, K.D., Dahlberg, C., Malec, J., Langenbahn, D.M., Felicetti, T., Kneipp, S., et al. (2005). Evidence-
based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Archives of
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(8), 1681-1692.
Coelho, C.A., DeRuyter, F., & Stein, M. (1996). Treatment efficacy: Cognitive-communication disorders
resulting from traumatic brain injury in adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39(5), S5-S17.
Winocur, G., Craik, F.I.M., Levine, B., Robertson, I.H., Binns, M.A., Alexander, M., et al. (2007).
Cognitive rehabilitation in the elderly: Overview and future directions. Journal of the International
Neuropsychological Society, 13, 166-171.
X Books
Elman, R. (Ed.). (2006). Group treatment of neurogenic communication disorders: The expert clinician’s
approach. (2nd ed.). San Diego: Plural Publishing, Inc.
Helms-Estabrooks, N., & Albert, M.L. (2005). Manual of aphasia and aphasia therapy. Austin, TX:
Pro-Ed, Inc.
Hillis, A. (2002). The handbook of adult language disorders. NY: Psychology Press, an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group.
Keith, R.L., & Schumacher, J.G. (2001). Speech and language rehabilitation. (4th ed.). Austin, TX:
Pro-Ed, Inc.
LaPointe, L.L. (2005). Aphasia and related neurogenic language disorders. (3rd ed.). NYC: Thieme
Publishers.
Sarno, M.T., & Peters, J.F. (Eds). (2004). The aphasia handbook: A guide for stroke and brain injury
survivors and their families. NYC: National Aphasia Association.
X Organizations
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)
Promotes the interests of and provides the highest quality services for professionals in audiology, speech-
language pathology, and speech and hearing science; advocates for people with communication disabilities
www.asha.org
Action Center: 800-498-2071 (members); 800-638-8255 (non-members)
Aphasia Hope Foundation

Promotes research into the prevention and cure of aphasia as well as insuring that all survivors of aphasia
and their caregivers are aware of and have access to the best possible treatments available; the largest
collaborative online resource for aphasia
www.aphasiahope.org
866-449-5804 (toll free)
Brain Injury Association of America (BIA)

Provides information, education, and support to persons currently living with TBI, their families, and
professionals working with individuals who have sustained a TBI
www.biausa.org
800-444-6443
National Aphasia Association (NAA)

Promotes public education, research, rehabilitation, and support services to assist people with aphasia
and their families
www.aphasia.org
800-922-4622
National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)

Supports and conducts research on the brain and nervous system; fosters the training of investigators in
the basic and clinical neurosciences; and seeks better understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
of neurological disorders
www.ninds.nih.gov
800-352-9424
National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC)

Provides information to the disability and rehabilitation community through online publications, searchable
databases, and timely reference and referral data
www.naric.com
800-346-2742
National Stroke Association (NSA)

Provides information and resources for stroke survivors, their families, and caregivers
www.stroke.org
800-787-6537 (STROKES)
X Websites for Clients

www.happyneuron.com
This website provides entertaining and challenging games that are fun and scientifically-developed to
keep your brain fit. This is a subscription-based website but free trials are available.
www.queendom.com
This website includes psychological tests, just-for-fun tests, mind games, and puzzles.
Answer Key
The most likely answers are listed here. Accept other logical, appropriate answers as correct.
page 11 page 30 8. Stop 15. the mice will play

Answers will vary. 1. Open 9. Stop 16. the golden egg
2. Argumentative 10. Encourage 17. be choosers
page 12 3. Argumentative 18. laughs best
1. excited 4. Open page 35 19. out of a molehill
2. depressed 5. Argumentative Topics will vary. 20. louder than words
3. nervous 6. Open 1. Wait
4. proud 7. Argumentative 2. Start page 39
5. frustrated 8. Argumentative 3. Start 1. jack of all trades
6. ecstatic 4. Start 2. A friend in need is a
7. confident page 31 5. Wait friend indeed.
8. lonely 1. Attentive 6. Wait 3. chip off the old block
9. anxious 2. Bored 4. Time will tell.
10. scared 3. Attentive pages 37-40 5. Where there’s a will,
11. worried, scared 4. Bored Explanation of expressions there’s a way.
12. panicked, scared 5. Bored will vary. 6. Too many cooks spoil
13. ashamed, guilty 6. Attentive the broth.
14. content 7. Bored page 37 7. Two heads are better
15. nervous, curious 8. Attentive 1. keeps the doctor away than one.
16. joyous 9. Attentive 2. is a penny earned 8. A stitch in time saves
17. embarrassed 10. Bored 3. all wounds nine.
18. bored 11. Bored 4. are soon parted 9. Two wrongs don’t make
19. lonely 12. Attentive 5. is worth two in the bush a right.
20. anxious 6. on the other side 10. Rolling stones gather
page 32 7. for the trees no moss.
pages 13-26 1. Do 8. the best policy 11. Necessity is the mother
Answers will vary. 2. Don’t 9. than water of all invention.
3. Do 10. skin a cat 12. A fool and his money
page 27 4. Don’t 11. heart grow fonder are soon parted.
1. True 5. Don’t 12. a friend indeed 13. You can’t have your
2. False 6. Do 13. angels fear to tread cake and eat it too.
3. True 7. Don’t 14. before they’re hatched 14. can’t see the forest
4. True 8. Do 15. his mouth for the trees
5. True 9. Don’t 16. the root of all evil 15. There are other fish
6. False 17. by its cover in the sea.
7. False page 33 18. spoil the broth
8. True 1. Tactful 19. a man healthy, wealthy, page 40
9. True 2. Offensive and wise 2. tongue
3. Offensive 20. in one basket 3. stomach
page 28 4. Tactful 4. chest
1. Rambles 5. Offensive page 38 5. eyes
2. Gets to the point 6. Tactful 1. eat it too 6. leg
3. Rambles 7. Offensive 2. you leap 7. nose
4. Rambles 8. Offensive 3. new tricks 8. foot
5. Gets to the point 9. Tactful 4. in a haystack 9. head
10. Tactful 5. waste 10. shoulder
page 29 11. Offensive 6. golden 11. head
1. Excluding 7. all trades 12. mouth
2. Including page 34 8. better than one 13. face
3. Including 1. Stop 9. from a stone, 14. elbow
4. Excluding 2. Stop from a turnip 15. stomach
5. Excluding 3. Encourage 10. a silver lining
6. Excluding 4. Encourage 11. than never page 41
7. Including 5. Stop 12. flock together 2. She has a live frog in
6. Encourage 13. spilled milk her throat. She has a
7. Encourage 14. the cat hoarse voice.
3. The cup of tea on 6. You can’t teach an 19. turtle, frog 11. disgusted
the table is not mine. old dog to do a new 20. helicopter 12. square
That’s not something trick. You can’t change 13. draw
I like to do. someone. page 48 14. wait
4. He threw a stone and 1. bird 15. visitation
killed two birds. He got page 44 2. tablecloth 16. book
two things done at the 1. d 3. water 17. silver
same time. 2. i 4. suitcase, box 18. increase
5. Leave the sleeping 3. g 5. plants, people 19. steel
dogs alone. Don’t get 4. k 6. rubber band 20. ticket
people riled up; leave 5. a 7. choir, wedding
things as they are. 6. h 8. pen, newspaper, candy page 55
6. Her husband sat in the 7. b 9. sponge 2. dogs
back seat to drive. Her 8. l 10. sky, colors 3. toys
husband told her how 9. c 11. hair 4. fruit
to drive as she was 10. j 12. sneakers, shirt, cat 5. TV shows
driving. 11. e 13. money, wallet, keys 6. colors
12. f 14. log, sponge, person 7. residences
page 42 15. ping-pong ball 8. trees
2. You should take page 46 16. soda pop, juice 9. clothing
something off your 1. coal, tar 17. people, animals 10. vehicles
chest. You should talk 2. truck, mountain 18. refrigerator, TV, 11. footwear
about what is bothering 3. tea computer 12. body parts
you. 4. car, house 19. video games 13. musical instruments
3. She wrapped his body 5. apple, tomato 20. driving 14. silverware
around her finger. He 6. ball 15. animals
did everything she said. 7. people, cars pages 49-52
4. He has a poker chip 8. bubble, balloon Answers will vary. page 56
balanced on his 9. stick, glass 2. candy
shoulder. He thinks he’s 10. dog, cat, car page 53 3. kitchen appliances
better than everyone. 11. person, tree 1. plain 4. pants
5. She should dig a hole 12. grass, hair 2. sticky 5. gymnastics
and bury a hatchet in 13. cat 3. reduce 6. bright/light colors
it. She should make 14. floor 4. spiral 7. precipitation
amends. 15. cheese 5. limit 8. beans
6. His eyes were really big. 16. people 6. ruler 9. wild animals
He took more food than 17. boat 7. fighting 10. tables
he could eat. 18. people, plants 8. theorize 11. plays, movies
19. subscription, insurance 9. voice 12. facial features
page 43 20. cake, hard-boiled egg 10. question 13. pain relievers
2. All shiny things are not 11. shocking 14. brass instruments
gold. Something may page 47 12. jealousy 15. jewelry
not be as good as it 1. rope, snake, speech 13. attend
looks. 2. refrigerator 14. basement page 57
3. You can take the skin 3. elbow, straw 15. pyramid 2. soda pop
off a cat in more than 4. car, hose 16. awful 3. bee, hornet, yellow
one way. There is more 5. ice, fish 17. math jacket, wasp
than one way to do 6. diamond, jewelry 18. whine 4. salt, pepper
something. 7. blanket 19. schedule 5. diamond, topaz
4. Eat an apple every day 8. stars 20. dirt 6. racket
and you won’t have to 9. apple, shirt, markers 7. dog, cat
see a doctor. Eating 10. knife, pencil page 54 8. Hello, Dolly!,
healthy food will keep 11. airplane, helicopter 1. joke The Sound of Music
you fit and you won’t 12. square, rectangle, desk 2. oven 9. sneakers, tennis shoes
have to see a doctor. 13. teeth, license 3. whim 10. spring, summer, fall,
5. The grass in your 14. chair, table 4. return winter
neighbor’s yard is 15. glass, window 5. impish 11. happy
greener than your 16. cell phone, 6. slow 12. Honda, Toyota
grass. Other people’s video camera 7. show 13. cheddar, Swiss
situations always look 17. tortoise, tree 8. horror 14. ambulance, fire truck
better. 18. newborn, cat 9. imagine 15. dandelion
10. snap
page 58 12. O 18. F president
car 13. O 19. F 8. sad, content, glad,
pets 14. F 20. T joyous
kitchen appliances 15. O 9. town, state, nation,
things to read page 66 continent
outerwear page 63 1. Sunday, Tuesday, Friday 10. hideous, ugly, plain,
birds 1. O 2. yesterday, today, pretty
Target, Wal-Mart 2. F tomorrow 11. ancient, old, present,
colors 3. F 3. second, minute, hour futuristic
rain 4. O 4. year, decade, century 12. impossible, possible,
winter sports 5. O 5. order, eat, pay or order, probable, definite
writing implements 6. F pay, eat 13. fast, snack, meal, feast
7. O 6. pack, depart, arrive 14. white, ivory, gray, black
page 59 8. F 7. kindergarten, junior 15. minute, small, medium,
weeds 9. F high, high school large
vegetables 10. O 8. caterpillar, cocoon,
duck 11. O butterfly page 69
body parts 12. F 9. shuffle, deal, play, win 1. inside
garden tools 13. O 10. seed, sprout, bud, 2. trace
chicken pox 14. F blossom 3. tender
sports 15. O 11. bait, cast, catch, clean 4. that
NyQuil, cough syrup 12. lose, search, find 5. creamy
food page 64 13. read, memorize, test 6. oatmeal
TV shows 1. F 14. January, May, August, 7. starfish
Earth, Mars 2. T October 8. tactful
3. F 15. dream, plan, build, 9. useful
page 60 4. F occupy 10. vanilla
2. animal, bear, polar bear 5. F 11. drags
3. medical profession, 6. T page 67 12. done
doctor, podiatrist 7. T 1. cool, cold, freezing 13. space
4. dairy, cheeses, 8. F 2. daughter, mother, 14. growing
extra-sharp cheddar 9. T grandmother 15. tone
5. toys, construction toys, 10. F 3. walk, jog, sprint 16. shots
Lincoln Logs 11. F 4. least, less, more, most 17. colder
6. dogs, sporting dogs, 12. F 5. glance, look, stare 18. police
Labrador retrievers 13. T 6. whimper, cry, sob 19. pancake
7. literature, novels, 14. F 7. rare, medium, well-done 20. items
Gone With the Wind 15. T 8. warm, simmer, boil 21. touchdown
8. transportation, air 16. T 9. bothered, angry, furious 22. hanging
transportation, jet 17. F 10. private, sergeant, 23. meeting
9. vacation spot, national 18. T general 24. camel
parks, Yellowstone 19. F 11. silent, quiet, loud 25. crank
10. flowers, spring 20. T 12. negative, neutral, 26. everyone
bloomers, tulips positive 27. maiden
11. entertainment, page 65 13. lower, middle, upper 28. changed
video game, 1. F 14. suspect, investigate, 29. apart
Search the Mountain 2. T convict 30. damage
12. furniture, chairs, 3. T 15. tiny, small, large, giant
rocking chairs 4. F page 70
5. T page 68
page 62 6. F 1. silence, whisper, talk,
1. O 7. F shout
2. F 8. T 2. grin, giggle, laugh,
3. F 9. F guffaw
4. O 10. T 3. shed, cabin, house,
5. F 11. T mansion
6. O 12. F 4. dark, dim, bright,
7. O 13. T brilliant
8. F 14. T 5. near, far, farther,
9. O 15. F farthest
10. F 16. T 6. drop, trickle, flow, gush
11. F 17. T 7. mayor, governor,
page 71 8. fear 6. race 6. river, creek, gulf
9. dogs 7. palm 7. book, letter, note
10. file 8. skate 8. shirt, jacket, slacks
11. eat 9. cheat 9. shoe, boot, slipper
12. form 10. north 10. snake, turtle, toad
13. care 11. salt 11. milk, soda, tea
14. east, eats 12. ride 12. dog, cat, fish
15. tone 13. meat 13. arm, foot, ankle
16. ripe 14. east 14. month, day, week
17. name 15. from 15. one, five, forty
18. table
19. stop page 78 page 82
20. news 1. reef 1. lime, cherry, grape
21. field 2. shore 2. brush, comb, curlers
22. idea 3. lead 3. glue, tape, staple
page 72 23. ride 4. sheet 4. truck, car, van
24. march 5. pots 5. branch, twig, stick
25. free 6. shrub 6. train, plane, bus
26. horse 7. night 7. salt, pepper, clove
27. rise 8. gear 8. touch, hear, smell
28. send, dens 9. much 9. tack, nail, bolt
29. robe 10. robe 10. wood, log, stick
30. tire 11. mane 11. golf, track, biking
12. idea or hiking
page 76 13. fare 12. face, neck, chin
1. mile 14. pierce 13. bowl, dish, glass
2. stale, steal 15. quiet 14. door, wall, floor
3. skit 15. rain, hail, snow
4. capes page 79
5. feat 1. colony page 83
page 73 6. came 2. periodical Answers will vary.
read between the lines 7. thing 3. commandment
forgive and forget 8. gear 4. sweetheart page 84
backhand 9. deal 5. percentage 1. 7 days of the week
long underwear 10. lose 6. equality 2. 52 cards in a deck
sandbox 11. face 7. surplus 3. 12 months in a year
buckle up for safety 12. rule 8. bandage 4. 50 states in the United
foot in the door 13. thermos, smother 9. center States
I understand 14. north 10. starboard 5. 60 minutes in an hour
tricycle 15. diet, tied 11. pint 6. 18 holes on a golf
high school 16. add 12. Times Square course
17. room 7. 4 quarters in a dollar
page 74 18. rate page 80 8. 3 sides on a triangle
downstairs 19. sure 1. starch 9. 52 weeks in a year
crossroads 20. cheap 2. percentile 10. 9 players on a baseball
blank check 21. these 3. pinch team
wish upon a star 22. gates 4. colonial 11. 24 hours in a day
monkey in the middle 23. draw 5. plush 12. 36 inches in a yard
turn of the century 24. tapes 6. heartburn 13. 100 years in a century
ship overseas 25. part 7. centipede 14. 2 pints in a quart
upset, set up 26. pace 8. commander 15. 365 days in a year
split level 27. beard, bared 9. periodic
three square meals 28. open, nope 10. android page 85
29. stake, steak, takes 11. equally a. run
page 75 30. teach 12. New York Times b. base
1. tale c. strike
2. page page 77 page 81 d. diamond
3. team 1. time 1. orange, green, yellow e. pitcher
4. plate 2. parts 2. gold, silver, copper f. glove
5. brag 3. bread 3. corn, peas, pumpkin g. ball
6. ever 4. tea 4. couch, chair, table h. out
7. tape 5. peach 5. year, hour, month baseball
a. trunk Lane 1: B.J., Camaro, third 5. accelerate (200) page 99
b. tire Lane 2: Drag, Trans Am, 6. taxing (11) 1. the letter U
c. roof second 7. midline (551) 2. the letter i
d. keys Lane 3: Race, Mustang, 8. accident (201) 3. invent
e. engine fourth 9. driver (4) 4. lounger
f. jack Lane 4: Willlie, Toyota, first 10. icing (101) 5. 9
g. hood 11. advise (506) 6. the letter E
h. fan page 90 12. omission (1001) 7. the letter G
car General: 15, U.S., WWII 8. 10 cents
Major: 5, France, WWII page 94 9. 9
page 86 Captain: 4, North Korea, Saturday, February 4th 10. the letter i
a. pupils Korean
b. pens Sergeant: 3, England, WWI page 95 page 100
c. class Corporal: 1, Laos, Vietnam Monday, January 21st 1. The doctor is his sister.
d. rulers 2. Pete is Chuck’s son.
e. examination, exam Banker: lilies, April page 96 3. your mother
f. subjects Lawyer: daffodils, 4. the son’s mother
g. English September 5. No, because it’s his
h. papers Doctor: roses, October mother.
school Singer: carnations, June 6. No, if she is a widow,
he is dead.
a. wing page 91 7. Danielle’s uncle
b. fly Stan: 4, Presbyterian, Africa 8. his father
c. ticket Larry: 7, Methodist, Ireland 9. her nephew, his brother
d. trip Clyde: 3, Lutheran,
e. seat Switzerland page 101
f. air Charles: 12, Mormon, 1. set
g. pilot Denmark page 97 2. sea
h. land Art: 9, Catholic, Belgium 1. bottle—$1.05, jar—$.05 3. store
airplane 2. 19 = XIX. Take away 4. tea
Channel 2: “Guess My Job,” the I and you have 5. teas
page 87 Barney XX (20). 6. ten
222: Burns, math Channel 5: “Rummy,” Bob 3. 18 days; he jumps 7. tease
223: Lee, computer Channel 7: “Clues,” Burt all the way out on 8. teaser
224: Miller, history Channel 9: “Win a Trip,” Billy the last day 9. ore
225: Johns, art Channel 11: “Deal ‘Em,” 4. 3 10. ores
226: Smith, Latin Buzz 5. 7 11. rot
6. he, her, here, ere, 12. rots
Sally: Jane, Dick page 92 rein, in, I 13. rote
Joe: Maria, Sam Diane: Skippy, terrier 14. roe
Mary: Paula, Pete Nancy: Fido, mixed page 98 15. nest
Tom: Theresa, Chuck Marla: Fifi, poodle 1. the Pacific Ocean; 16. net
Sarah: Bev, Gus Kathy: Cinnamon, chow It was the largest 17. nets
chow ocean even before 18. east
page 88 Ann: Rex, German shepherd it was discovered. 19. ease
Store 1: Mac, grocery store 2. 1; After eating one 20. sane
Store 2: Phil, drugstore Mary: senior, floor exercises, cracker, your stomach
Store 3: Leroy, barbershop Penn State isn’t empty. page 102
Store 4: Alice, card shop Megan: sophomore, balance 3. It wasn’t raining. 1. queen
Store 5: Henrí, pet store beam, Ohio State 4. holes 2. turtle
Maxine: freshman, uneven 5. because he earns 3. windy
dog: Jane, ranch parallel bars, University double giving two 4. acorn
horse: Dave, farm of Virginia haircuts vs. one 5. restaurant
cat: Carmen, apartment Molly: junior, vaulting, 6. by serving mashed 6. picture
fish: Tomas, town house University of Maryland potatoes 7. flippers
7. halfway because after 8. valley
page 89 page 93 she is halfway in, 9. bicycle
Rick: cab, NYC 1. climate (151) she is coming out 10. rotten
Pete: train, Philadelphia 2. division (6) 8. meat 11. different
Sam: plane, Chicago 3. mixer (9) 9. It was still light out quintillion
José: bus, Las Vegas 4. summer (2000) when she went to bed.
Ralph: trolley, San Francisco
page 103 11. shades, blinds J. is 8. radio, listen
1. lion, den 12. sight, smell K. dime 9. Boise, Idaho
2. Idaho, Boise 13. wasp, ant A mistake is evidence 10. banker, bank
3. flame, paper 14. fork, knife that someone has tried 11. curtain, window
4. oak, acorn 15. postcard, letter to do something. 12. cold, ice cream
5. happiness, smile 13. beans, vegetable
6. baseball, glove page 107 page 110 14. toes, foot
7. circus, clown 1. 6, 7, 8 A. night 15. boat, water
8. hearts, jack 2. 3, 4, 7, 8, 10 B. minute 16. ten, eight
9. June, Monday 3. 8, 10, 12 C. floor 17. tree, maple
10. cold, snowy 4. 7, 9, 11, 13 D. house 18. dress, woman
11. Pacific, Nile 5. 12, 11, 10 E. that 19. helmet, football
12. Franklin, electricity 6. 14, 12, 10 F. woman 20. walk, man
13. house, den 7. 20, 25 G. fork
14. cat, kitten 8. 80, 75, 70 H. hurt page 116
9. 40, 50 I. oat 1. turtle, reptile
page 104 10. 70, 60 J. ha 2. letters, words
1. flounder, worm 11. 15, 18 A minute of thought is worth 3. sand, desert
2. steak, coffee 12. 21, 18 more than an hour of talk. 4. leaves, green
3. dinner, cake 13. 15 5. strings, guitar
4. granite, copper 14. 82, 76 pages 111-112 6. ball, bat
5. college, English 15. 16, 20, 24 Answers will vary. 7. dry, powder
6. couch, satin 16. 32, 24, 20 8. Big Ben, England
7. carton, cereal 17. 45, 75 page 114 9. Navy, water
8. hockey, puck 18. 24, 32 1. blue, unhappy 10. Reader’s Digest,
9. August, Tuesday 19. 104, 208 2. money magazine
10. hammer, nail 20. 75 3. omelet 11. mouse, rodent
11. salt, shaker 4. bicycle 12. food, eat
12. jacket, zipper page 108 5. rodent 13. feet, people
13. bracelet, emerald 1. 62, 59 (x2, -3) 6. square, rectangle 14. dog, canine
14. bank, money 2. 46, 47 (x2, +1) 7. caution, slow down 15. oar, rowboat
3. 28, 32 (÷2, +4) 8. closed-in spaces, 16. aftershave, man
page 105 4. 28, 26 (+10, –2) small spaces 17. adult, grownup
1. book, magazine 5. 195, 200 (x3, +5) 9. Romeo 18. cold, ice
2. purple, green 6. 14, 22 (-4, +8) 10. cub 19. wheels, car
3. tiger, bear 7. 90, 110 (÷2, +20) 11. sidewalk 20. milk, dairy
4. chair, table 8. 98, 92 (÷3, -6) 12. shirt
5. shirt, pants 9. 43, 86 (+5, x2) 13. The Wizard of Oz page 117
6. leg, elbow 10. 44, 42 (-3, -2) 14. west 1. dogs, bones
7. ten, seven 11. 64, 32 (x4, ÷2) 15. digest food 2. light, day
8. picture, mirror 12. 43, 129 (-5, x3) 16. swallow 3. hand, glove
9. chef, barber 13. 122, 118 (÷2, -4) 17. library 4. goldfish, bowl
10. maple, spruce 14. 60, 64 (+12, +4) 18. sauerkraut 5. shaving cream, face
11. baseball, golf 15. 81, 162 (+3, x2) 19. ocean 6. siren, police car
12. robin, wren 16. 595, 594 (x5, -1) 20. furniture, floor 7. golf ball, hit
13. happiness, anger 17. 9, 14 (-2, +5) 8. bed, sleep
14. cake, pie 18. 168, 504 (+6, x3) pages 115-119 9. grass, lawn
15. pepper, cinnamon 19. 160, 480 (-5, x3) Answers will vary. 10. wolf, howl
20. 86, 172 (+10, x2) Some possible answers 11. Paris, France
page 106 are listed here. 12. frown, unhappy
1. jazz, rock page 109 13. cold, winter
2. orange, yellow A. evidence page 115 14. elbow, arm
3. boxing, track B. throne 1. finger, hand 15. cuff, pants
4. slippers, shoes C. maid 2. White House, 16. editor, book
5. bedroom, kitchen D. eon Washington, D.C. 17. bed, bedroom
6. blouse, coat E. takes 3. red, tomato 18. bowl, soup
7. pencil, crayon F. moats 4. cave, bat 19. bracelet, wrist
8. knife, scissors G. shag 5. graphite, pencil 20. petal, flower
9. ship, canoe H. tooth 6. black, licorice
10. flounder, tuna I. ties 7. flashlight, battery
page 118 1. at the supermarket page 125 page 131
1. Paul Newman, 2. late afternoon, early toothpaste
Bill Clinton evening baseball
2. eye, ear 3. lots of people shopping shark
3. toes, fingers for dinner chicken
4. pretzel, water 4. drove, had to look for
5. picture, sound a parking space in the page 126
6. bench, nail parking lot screw
7. body, teeth 5. what to have for dinner eye
8. up, left 6. yes, Children implies coat
9. tire, wing more than one child. worm
10. paper, metal
11. February, November page 122 page 127
12. tissue, lightbulb 1. hot, sunny cat
13. snow, blood 2. noon, The sun was flashlight
14. hamburger, ham directly overhead. person page 132
15. robin, trout 3. 3-4 hours wrist
16. President, Pope 4. no, They were hungry
17. writer, actor and they didn’t have page 128
18. lemon, sugar any food. mouse
19. time, date 5. They were tired bird
20. breakfast, dinner of hiking. goalpost
6. east doghouse
page 119
1. dog, chair 1. noon page 129
2. word, number 2. Wednesday
3. 7, A 3. summer, woman
4. London, Paris needed her air
5. sing, read conditioning repaired
6. coal, snow 4. eating lunch
7. button, zipper 5. so he could move her page 133
8. truck, feather car to work on it
9. spaghetti, chow mein 6. get alternate
10. pedal, tire transportation, complain
11. morning, noon to the manager
12. Colorado, California
13. happy, sad page 123
14. 1000, 100 1. provides an unwanted
15. animal, weather dog with a home
16. west, north 2. two: mother and child page 130
17. bee, robin 3. to see how the puppies
18. pool, trail reacted to the child
19. happy, sad 4. size, temperament,
20. cap, helmet appearance, gender
of dog
page 121 5. less chance of having page 134
1. bad conditions, problems (e.g., biting)
gunmen inside 6. apartment or house;
2. dark and by the way chose a smaller dog
the building looks
3. She couldn’t see 1. dinner for guests
anything electrical 2. anniversary, birthday,
working inside. holiday, promotion
4. night 3. yes; because they
5. She saw them go in. “hope everything
6. safety, smarter to will be perfect”
wait for backup 4. yes; “people began
coming in” implies
lots of people
5. no
6. evening
page 135 page 139 page 144 page 151
17
13
page 145
15
13
page 146
page 136 page 140 page 152
page 147
page 149
page 138 page 143 page 154
page 160
page 169
horseshoe/mug on shelf
page 156 page 165 different picture in frame
flame on candle
box/bowl
book label in different place
longer cabinet on wall
page 161 fringe on rug
fewer trees outside
drawer pull different above
the bed
extra wrinkle on bedspread
throw pillow stripes going a
different way
clock shows two different
times
clock on wall/picture on wall
page 157 page 166 one panel on closet door
is different
closet handles are different
page 170
page 163 trees by corral are different
gate is open
two horses in corral
tractor
more bushes by house
more windows on house
black window on top story
smoke from house blowing
a different way
two cars on the road
page 158 page 167 top of silo a different color
apples not on one tree
golfer’s pants change color
golf flag
two golf balls
page 171 page 176 stove: mislabeled knobs,
lawn mower and rake in bed: looking for something different burners, knobs
the yard cat: The boy is about to step on door, front looks
mailbox at end of driveway on the cat’s tail; the cat like a clothes dryer
bush/plant by garage door will meow and run; road: sign says “No Cars
windows on garage door the boy will feel bad. Allowed,” sign says
shape of window on side pot: The pot is boiling over; “Merge Right” but road
of garage the heat is too high. merges to the left
smoke from chimney bus: She wants to get on
chimney made of brick/stone the bus. page 181
curtains at windows
window different on page 177
front door drugstore: stocks medical
more windows needs, not musical
different windows on needs; No Admittance
front of house sign
birds vs. clouds in sky map: Mexico and Canada
are reversed, USA is
page 172 misnamed
leaves are different colors boy: different sleeve lengths,
bird has different colors different pant lengths
rabbit has more whiskers and different material on 1. 2 miles
two rabbits pants, missing a shoe 2. west
deer drinking watch: 5 hands, two buckles, 3. 18 miles
two large rocks by rabbits wrong numbers
size/shape of lake page 182
more clouds page 178
different sun headstone: RSVP instead of
more trees RIP, no February 31st,
plants in water date of death written
snow on mountains wrong, died 10 years
before he was born
page 173 clinic: backward numbers on
plant: over-watered or not door, says “No Cats or
watered enough Dogs Allowed” but it’s a
dog: sick dog, getting shots vet’s office, no handle
couple: getting married on door
deli: had a fire/vandalism car: steering wheel on hood,
tree on roof, square
page 174 tire, front door is upside
police: speeding down
page 184
table: morning, breakfast washer: buttons mislabeled,
foods on the table picture of eyeglasses on
tire: ran over a nail/glass panel, two doors, dishes
man: wrong food/food not inside instead of clothes
cooked right; He will
get a new meal. page 179
chair: half rocking chair,
page 175 half cushion, head
report card: all As and one F, rest not done
surprised to get an F letter: address/stamp/return
couple: lost; They are address in wrong place,
looking at a map. zip code incomplete,
boy: sick; taking his says “Don’t Handle with
temperature, medicine Care,” phone number
nearby, holding a tissue instead of zip code
dog: He is hungry.
23-07-987654321

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WALC™ 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning

Workbook of Activities for Language and Cognition

Copyright © 2007 LinguiSystems, Inc.

All of our products are copyrighted to protect the fine work of

Kathryn J. Tomlin, M.S., CCC-SLP, has been a speech-language

The Source for Apraxia Therapy

Zanmi, Kathy’s Samoyed, goes to work with her to encourage

Edited by Lauri Whiskeyman

Emotions and Personal Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Idioms and Proverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

WALC 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning 3 Copyright © 2007 LinguiSystems, Inc.

Paragraph Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

WALC 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning 4 Copyright © 2007 LinguiSystems, Inc.

X Visual Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Visual Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Visual Figure-Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Visual Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Visual Closure and Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

X Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

WALC 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning 5 Copyright © 2007 LinguiSystems, Inc.

WALC 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning 7 Copyright © 2007 LinguiSystems, Inc.

Suggestions for Use

WALC 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning 8 Copyright © 2007 LinguiSystems, Inc.

3. Determine the appropriateness of responses based on the client’s current level of

4. These exercises can be used in individual or group situations. In group situations,

WALC 9: Verbal and Visual Reasoning 9 Copyright © 2007 LinguiSystems, Inc.

Emotions and Personal Situations

Verbal Reasoning—Emotions and Personal Situations

Describe situations in which a person would feel these ways.

1. happy 21. expectant

2. enthusiastic 22. irritated

3. enraged 23. kind

4. amazed 24. confident

5. nervous 25. angry

6. embarrassed 26. satisfied

7. panicked 27. disappointed

8. sad 28. sympathetic

9. relieved 29. neglected

10. scared 30. impressed

11. lonely 31. helpless

12. brave 32. silly

13. anxious 33. cheated

14. bored 34. weary

15. depressed 35. joyful

16. disgusted 36. lucky

17. contented 37. empathetic

18. ashamed 38. excited

19. confused 39. hopeful

20. worried 40. refreshed

Verbal Reasoning—Emotions and Personal Situations

2. a wife whose husband just died

3. a runner before a race

4. someone graduating from high school or college

6. a spectator whose football team just scored a touchdown

7. an officer leading his men into battle

8. a person who has no friends and nowhere to go

9. a soon-to-be father whose wife is in labor

10. a babysitter who hears noises outside

12. a person trapped in an elevator