Mathematics 10

Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 1
Measures of Central Tendency of
Ungrouped Data
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Self-Learning Module 1: Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped
Data
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Rizalina SJ. Luna
Editor: Cherry O. Nabos , Cecilia M. Marcelo
Reviewers: Lowell de Ramon, Revie G. Santos
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Mathematics 10
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 1
Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module 1 on Measures of

Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self – learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self
– learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self – learning
module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module 1 on Measures of

Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data!

This self – learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self – learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. To differentiate mean, median and mode.

2. To describe a set of ungrouped data using mean, median and mode.

PRETEST

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is the value that occurs most frequently in a set of data.
a. mean c. mode
b. median d. summation
2. Using the data: 24, 25, 28, 30, 23, what is ?
a. 24 c. 30
b. 28 d. 130
3. What is the mode of the given set of data? 21, 23, 21, 25, 24
a. 21 c. 25
b. 23 d. 24
4. What is the median in given set of data: 4, 6, 10, 12, 9?
a. 4 c. 9
b. 10 d. 12

5. What is the mean of the following data? 91, 61, 50, 37, 83
a. 64 c. 64.4
b. 65 d. 64.5

RECAP

In studying statistics, the collection of data or measurement is comprised.

Hence, adding of several numbers is needed. The sigma symbol Σ, read as “the sum
of”, is used when adding several numbers.
Summation or sigma notation is a convenient and simple form of shorthand used
to give a concise expression for a sum of the values of a variable .
(Taken from http://www.columbia.edu/itc/sips/math/summation.html)
 Example: Assuming that the table shows your final grades from the
different learning areas.

Subject Final Grades

Filipino 85
Math 86
English 84
Science 84
T.L.E 88
ESP 89
A.P 84
MAPEH 87
We can use variables to represent each learning area.
We let x = the final grades of the different learning areas
xi is read as “x sub i” where index i tells the position of each value

Considering the above example:

8

x = x + x + x + x + x + x + x + x .
i −1
i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8
The symbol x
i −1
i is read as “the sum values of x starting at x1 and ending with

x8”.
To substitute the data:
8

 x = 85 + 86+ 84 + 84 +88 + 89 + 84 + 87
i −1
i

 x = 687
i −1
i

Note: If we will use all the given values of a variable in finding the sum, the
limits of the summation are usually omitted, as
8

x
i −1
i = x
Try this:

Given the data as follows: 34, 32, 36, 30, 39, 37, 33. Find x .

LESSON
During the COVID- 19 pandemic, have you ever wondered the average of
confirmed cases in a week? The table 1 shows the Daily new cases in the Philippines
as of July 8, 2020. It also shows a 7- day morning average. How do they solve the
7- day morning average?
 Table 1: Graph taken from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/philippines/
These questions can be answered by defining the measures of central
tendency of ungrouped data.

An ungrouped data is a set of values that is not organized or classified as a group. A

measure of central tendency is a value that represents the whole set of data. These
are mean, median and mode. The mean of ungrouped data is obtained by adding
all the values divided by the frequency of a set of data. The mean of ungrouped
data is also called average. It is written as:
∑𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑛
where; 𝒙
̅ −is the mean
∑ 𝒙 - is the sum of all the values in a set

𝒏- is the frequency

Considering Table 1. The number of confirmed COVID 19 cases from March 21- 27,
2020 are as follows: 77, 73, 82, 90, 84, 71 96. To get the mean, we have;
∑𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑛
77+73+82+90+84+71+96
𝑥̅ = x
7
573
𝑥̅ =
7
𝑥̅ = 81.857142 …
or 𝑥̅ = 82

Hence, the 7- day morning average of COVID 19 confirmed cases on March 27

is obtained by getting the mean of the 7 days prior to March 27 (including March 27).

The median of ungrouped data is the middle value of a set of data when all values
are arranged in either ascending or descending order. If the frequency of the data is
odd, then the middle value median of the set of data. If it is even, the median of the
data is the mean of the two middle values.

𝒏+𝟏 𝒕𝒉
̃={
𝒙 } score
𝟐

where; 𝒙
̃ − is the median

𝒏 − is the frequency
Example 1: Arranging the data above, we have: 71,73,77, 82, 84, 90, 96.
Then, to find the middle value, we have;

𝒏+𝟏 𝒕𝒉
̃={
𝒙 } score
𝟐
𝟕+𝟏 𝒕𝒉
̃=
𝒙 { } score
𝟐
𝟖 𝒕𝒉
̃=
𝒙 { } score
𝟐
̃=
𝒙 𝟒𝒕𝒉 score
The 𝟒𝒕𝒉 score of the data is 82. Therefore, 82 is the median.

Example 2: Find the median of the following set of data.

33, 32,35, 39, 40, 32,30, 39

Arranging the set of data, we have: 30, 32, 32, 33, 35, 39, 39, 40

𝒏+𝟏 𝒕𝒉
̃={
𝒙 } score
𝟐

𝟖+𝟏 𝒕𝒉
̃={
𝒙 } score
𝟐
𝟗 𝒕𝒉
̃={ }
𝒙 score
𝟐
̃ = 𝟒. 𝟓𝒕𝒉 score
𝒙
The 𝟒. 𝟓 𝒕𝒉
score of the data is the mean of the 4th and 5th score. We have,
33+35 68
= = 34
2 2
Therefore, 34 is the median.

Since median is the midmost value, it can be easily determined even without using
the formula.
Example 3: Find the median of the following set of data: 10, 13, 19, 17, 16

Arranging the data in ascending order, we have: 10, 13, 16, 17, 19.

Since there are 5 data, therefore the middle value is the 3 rd score.
10, 13, 16, 17, 19.

Therefore, the median is 16.

Example 4: Find the median of the following set of data: 12, 15, 16, 21, 20, 19
Arranging the data in ascending order, we have: 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21

Since there is an even number of value, the median is determined by the average of
the two middle values.
12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21
16 + 19 35
= = 17.5
2 2
Therefore, the median is 17.5.

The mode of the ungrouped data is the value that most frequently appears in a set
of data. When the value in a set of data appears only once, then the data has no
mode. The data can be also classified according to the number of modes it has. If the
data has one mode, then it is unimodal. If it has two modes, then it is bimodal.
Lastly, if the set of data has more than one mode, then it is said to be multimodal.
Using the data above, the set of data has no mode. Since each value (71,73,77, 82,
84, 90, 96) appears only once.
Example 5: Find the mode of the given set of data: 8 4 7 9 5 5 5 7
The mode is 5 because 5 appears most frequently. The data is said to be
unimodal.

Example 6:

The water consumption (in cubic meter) for the past 6 months is shown below.

January 23
February 24
March 25
April 25
May 26
June 24
Find the mean, median and mode.
Solution:
Mean
∑𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑛
23+24+25+25+26+24
𝑥̅ =
6
147
𝑥̅ =
6
𝑥̅ = 24.5
The mean water consumption for the six months is 25.
Median

Arranging the data 23,24,24,25,25,26

Solving for the middle value

𝒏+𝟏 𝒕𝒉
̃={
𝒙 } score
𝟐
𝟔+𝟏 𝒕𝒉
̃
𝒙 = { } score
𝟐
𝟕 𝒕𝒉
̃={ }
𝒙 score
𝟐
̃ = 𝟑. 𝟓𝒕𝒉 score
𝒙
3.5th score lies between the 3rd and 4th score
Since the frequency of the data is even, then the median is the average of the
two middle values. In this example, we get the mean of the 3 rd and 4th value.

We have; 23,24,24,25,25,26
24+25 49
= = 24.5
2 2

Therefore, the median water consumption for the six months is 24.5
Mode

There are two different water consumption (in cubic meters) appears twice.
Therefore, the modes are 24 and 25. The data is said to be bimodal.

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1:LET’S PRACTICE!
Direction: Write your answer on the blank provided after each number.

1. I am at the middle when a set of values are arranged in either ascending or

descending order? Who am I? ______________
2. I am also called an average. Who am I? ______________
3. I am the one who appears the most in a set of data. Who am I? ______________
4. I am the symbol used when adding several numbers? Who am I?
______________
5. I am the value from the sum of the set of numbers divided by the frequency of
a set of data. Who am I? ______________

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Direction: Complete the table below by finding the mean, median and mode of each
set of data.

Given Mean Median Mode

1. 23, 21, 28, 29, 23
2. 83, 82, 80, 85
3. 31, 33, 39, 36, 33
4. 23, 22, 28, 27, 29, 30
5. 44, 45, 46, 48, 44

ACTIVITY 3:
Direction: Fill in the box with a number word as your answer for the puzzle below.
Across Down
3. Find the median for 30, 32, 18, 1. Find the mean for 10, 14, 16, 11, 9
24,26
2. Find the mode for 14, 12, 16, 13,
4. Find the mode for 30, 32, 38, 30, 16, 21
42
4. Find the median for 18, 20, 30, 27,
5. Find the mean for 30, 60, 40, 25, 19
45

WRAP – UP

✓ How is the mean of ungrouped data obtained?

✓ How is the median of ungrouped data obtained?
✓ What should you consider when finding the median of ungrouped data?
✓ What are the classifications of data according to number of modes?

VALUING

During this time of pandemic, have you considered “prayer” to be the mode of your
daily activities? Did you put God to be the median of your life? Write a certain
situation that answers the questions on the blanks provided below.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 POST TEST

Direction: Use the table at the right to answer the questions that follow. Choose the
letter of the correct answer.
The table shows the confirmed and recovered cases of COVID- 19 in fifteen
barangays in Pasig City as of June 22, 2020.

Table 2: Data from Pasig City Public

Information Office Facebook page

1. What is the mean recovered cases of the fifteen

barangays in Pasig City?
a. 14 c. 14.6
b. 14.5 d. 15
2. What is the mode of the recovered cases of the fifteen
barangays in Pasig City?
a. 4 c. 6
b. 5 d. 7
3. What is the median of the recovered cases of the fifteen
barangays in Pasig City?
a. 5 c. 10
b. 6 d. 11
4. What is the if x refers to the number of confirmed cases in the fifteen
barangays in Pasig City as of June 22, 2020?
a. 400 c. 402
b. 401 d. 403
5. What is the mean confirmed cases in the fifteen barangays in Pasig City as of
June 22, 2020??
a. 26.5 c. 26.8
b. 26.7 d. 26.9
 The mean of ungrouped data is obtained by adding all the values divided by the frequency
of a set of data.
The median of ungrouped data is the middle value of a set of data when all data are
arranged in either ascending or descending order
The set of data should be arranged in either ascending or descending order to get the
median
The mode of the ungrouped data is the value that most frequently appears in a set of data.
Classification of data according to the number of modes:
Unimodal- when a set of data has one mode
Bimodal- when a set of data has two modes
Multimodal- when a set of data has more than one mode.
Wrap-up
Test Yourself
Given Mean Median Mode
1. 23, 21, 28, 29, 23 24.8 23 23 1. Median
2. 83, 82, 80, 85 82.5 82.5 No mode 2. Mean
3. 31, 33, 39, 36, 33 34.4 33 33 3. Mode
4. 23, 22, 28, 27, 29, 30 26.5 27.5 No mode 4. Sigma/∑
5. Mean
5. 44, 45, 46, 48,44 45.4 45 44
Keep Practicing Let’s Practice
Activities
1. c 1. c
2. b 2. d
3. c 3. a
4. a 4. c
5. b 5. c
Post- Test Pre-Test
KEY TO CORRECTION
 REFERENCES

Crisostomo, Ricardo M., Priscila de Sagun and Alicia Padua. Our World of Math 8.
Quezon City: Vibal Publishing House, Inc.,2013
Oronce, Orlando A. and Marilyn Mendoza, e-Math IV. Manila: Rex Bookstore,
Inc.,2010
Manikandan S. Measures of Central Tendency: Median and mode. J Pharmacol
Pharmacother 2011;2:214-5. Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest:
None declared.
Worldometers-Daily New Cases in the Philippines
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/philippines/(accessed July 8, 2020)

Pasig PIO post about the number of COVID-19 cases in Pasig City.
https://web.facebook.com/PasigPIO/photos/pcb.1741825612643216/1741
824319310012/.(accessed July 1, 2020)
Flippity Crossword Puzzle
https://www.flippity.net/cw.php?k=1dTHuJj2u0lpgpuXUVf55q_ZLpBEYneCjcMxQ
4ZURMOE . (accessed July 7, 2020)

Summation Notation
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/sips/math/summation.html . (accessed September
10, 2020)