This session describes the construction and operation of the ECD-V3 pump with respect to the pumping and

injection of fuel.

1 Composition and Construction of ECD-V3 Pump System

Overflow Sensor Position
Valve
Fuel Temperature
Sensor Solenoid Spill
Feed
Pump NE Sensor Valve
Fuel Filter
Intake
Temperature
Sensor Crankshaft
Position
Sensor
Throttle
Nozzle Accelerator
Pressure Chamber Coolant Position
Temperature Sensor
Delivery Valve Sensor
Plunger Timing Control Valve
Intake
Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor

Sensor Signal Sensor Signal

(NE Signal)
Engine Crankshaft
ECU
Position Sensor

Solenoid Spill Valve Actuation Signal

• Solenoid Spill Valve (SPV) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This actuator, which performs the function of the spill ring of the
previous distributor type pump, controls the injection quantity.
• NE Sensor (NE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This sensor, which detects the camshaft position of the pump,
also inputs the number of revolutions of the pump (one-half the
number of revolutions of the engine) to the engine ECU.
• Fuel Temperature Sensor (THF) - - - - - - - - - - This sensor detects the temperature of the fuel.
• Correction Resistor or ROM - - - - - - - - - - - - - This part makes corrections to the injection quantity and injection timing.
• Timing Control Valve (TCV)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - This actuator, which performs the function of the timer of the
previous distributor type pump, controls the injection timing.

Fuel Temperature Sensor (THF) Solenoid Spill Valve (SPV)

NE Sensor (NE)
Timing Control Valve
Pressure Chamber Timer Piston (TCV)
Regulating Valve

Cam Plate Delivery Pump

Plunger

9 SERVICE TECH Vol.465 03-4

2 Operation of ECD-V3 Pump
2-1 Fuel Suction and Injection
The mechanism for the suction and pumping/distribution of the fuel is basically the same as for the previous
distributor type pump. However, it differs in the aspect that it controls the fuel injection quantity by opening and
closing a solenoid spill valve by way of electric signals. The solenoid spill valve is provided in the passage that
links the pump chamber with the pressure chamber.

Suction Stroke
As the plunger descends, it draws fuel from the suction port into the pressure chamber. At this time, the solenoid
spill valve is energized and closed.
Pump Chamber Solenoid Spill Valve
Speed Sensor Cam Plate (closed)
Roller Ring
Suction Port (open)
Suction Port : open Pulsar
Distribution Port : closed
Solenoid Spill Valve: closed Pressure Chamber

to Nozzle
Drive Shaft Plunger Distribution Port (closed)

Pumping Stroke (Injection)

The plunger ascends while rotating, in order to pressurize and pump the fuel in the pressure chamber.

Solenoid Spill Valve

(closed)

Suction Port (closed)

Suction Port : closed
Distribution Port : open
Solenoid Spill Valve: closed

Distribution Port (open)

End of Injection
When the solenoid spill valve is no longer energized, the spill valve opens. Then, the high-pressure fuel in the
pressure chamber spills into the pump chamber, thus reducing its pressure and ending the injection of fuel.

Solenoid Spill Valve

(open)

Suction Port (closed)

Suction Port : closed
Distribution Port : open
Solenoid Spill Valve: open

Distribution Port (open)

SERVICE TECH Vol.465 03-4

10
 3 Solenoid Spill Valve (SPV)
The solenoid spill valve, which is located in the passage that links the pump chamber of the injection pump with the
pressure chamber, is a type of solenoid valve that turns ON/OFF (opens and closes) in accordance with the signals
from the engine ECU.
When the coil of the solenoid spill valve is energized, the spill valve closes, thus closing the passage that links the
pressure chamber with the pump chamber. As a result, the plunger pressurizes the fuel in the pressure chamber and
pumps it into the nozzles through which the fuel is injected.
When the solenoid spill valve is no longer energized, the spill valve opens, thus opening the passage between the
pressure chamber and pump chamber. The pressurized fuel spills into the pump chamber, thus decreasing the
pressure in the pressure chamber and ending the pumping of fuel.

Solenoid Spill Valve

Coil
Pump Chamber

Coil energized ........ valve closed

Valve (during suction or injection)
Coil non-energized . valve open
Pressure
(end of injection)
Chamber

to Nozzle

Plunger

3-1 Types of Solenoid Spill Valves

The solenoid spill valve is directly related to the control of the fuel injection volume. Therefore, it must provide high
levels of precision, quick response, and pressure resistance, as well as a large spill volume.
There are two types of solenoid spill valves: the pilot valve type, and the direct-acting solenoid valve type. The
direct-acting solenoid valve type is widely used today.
The pumps are classified into the ECD-V3, ECD-V3 (ROM), and ECD-V3 direct-acting valve types, depending on
the type of solenoid spill valve and the injection volume correction method that are being used.

Correction
Type Characteristic Solenoid Spill Valve (SPV)
Method
Correction
An externally mounted correction Resistor
ECD-V3 resistor is able to correct the final
injection quantity.

The data of an externally mounted

ROM
ROM is used to correct the final injection Pilot Valve Type
ECD-V3
quantity. It realizes a higher precision
(ROM)
level of correction than the previous type
(correction resistor).

ROM
ECD-V3 A direct-acting SPV is used to achieve
Direct-Acting Valve high levels of response and spill
Types performance.
Direct-Acting Type

11 SERVICE TECH Vol.465 03-4

Pilot Valve Type
This type consists of a main valve, pilot valve, and a solenoid coil. When the solenoid coil is energized, it pulls on
the pilot valve (downward in the diagram), thus closing the pilot spill port.
At this time, the high-pressure fuel, which flowed in from the pressure chamber via the restriction, fills the main
valve. The resulting hydraulic pressure firmly closes the main valve.
When the solenoid coil is no longer energized, the pilot valve opens, allowing the fuel in the main valve to spill
through the pilot spill port. Thus, the pressure in the main valve decreases suddenly. This pressure difference
causes the main valve to open considerably, effectively ending the injection of fuel.

Pilot Valve Type

Solenoid Spill Valve

Control Spring
Coil
Pilot Spring

Main Spring
Pilot Valve

Main Valve
Plunger

Pressure Chamber

Direct-Acting Solenoid Valve Type

This solenoid spill valve provides a quick response at a higher level of precision. It consists of a spool valve and
a solenoid coil. The spool valve, which acts directly in accordance with electric signals, opens and closes the
passage that links the pressure chamber and the pump chamber.

Cross Section View Enlargement View

Spool Valve Valve Body Core Coil

Valve Body Spring Coil Spool Valve Spring Armature

SERVICE TECH Vol.465 03-4

12