Basic Engine: Systems Operation

C27 Industrial Engine TWM00001-UP(SEBP4496 - 25) - Documentation Page 1 of 3
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Product: INDUSTRIAL ENGINE

Model: C27 INDUSTRIAL ENGINE TWM
Configuration: C27 Industrial Engine TWM00001-UP
Systems Operation
C27 Industrial and C32 Industrial and Petroleum Engines
Media Number -RENR9798-03 Publication Date -01/08/2008 Date Updated -26/08/2008
i04629667
Basic Engine
SMCS - 1200
Cylinder Block Assembly

The cylinders in the left side of the block form a 65 degree angle with the cylinders in the right side.
The main bearing caps are fastened to the block with four bolts, two bolts through each bearing cap
and two bolts through the side of the block.
The cylinder liners can be removed for replacement. The top surface of the block is the seat for the
cylinder liner flange. Engine coolant flows around the liners in order to keep the liners cool. Three O-
ring seals around the bottom of the liner make a seal between the liner and the cylinder block. A filler
band goes under the liner flange. This makes a seal between the top of the liner and the cylinder
block. A steel spacer plate is used between the cylinder head and the block. The spacer plate provides
improved reusability and durability. A thin gasket is used between the plate and the block. This thin
gasket seals water and oil. A thick gasket of metal and graphite is used between the plate and the
head. This thick gasket seals the combustion gases, water and oil.
Cylinder Head Assembly

The cylinder heads are a one-piece cast iron head. The cylinder head supports the camshaft. Steel
reinforced camshaft bearings are pressed into each bore for the camshaft. The bearings are lubricated
under pressure. The cylinder head contains two inlet valves and two exhaust valves for each cylinder,
which are controlled by the rotation of the camshaft. Bridge dowels have been eliminated as the valve
train uses floating valve bridges.
The unit injector is mounted in a stainless steel adapter. This adapter has been pressed into the
cylinder head injector bore.
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Pistons, Rings And Connecting Rods

The piston is a one-piece design that consists of a forged steel crown and a skirt. The piston is
retained by the piston pin to the small end of the connecting rod. The pistons have three rings that are
located in grooves in the steel crown. These rings seal the combustion gas. The rings provide control
of the oil. The top ring has a barrel face. This ring is a Keystone ring with a plasma face coating. The
second ring has a tapered face and the ring has a coating of chrome finish for the face. The third ring
is the oil ring. The third ring has a coil spring expander. There are four holes that are drilled from the
piston oil ring groove to the interior of the piston. These holes return excess oil from the oil ring
groove to the crankcase.
The connecting rod is a conventional design. The cap of the connecting rod is attached to the shank by
four bolts that are threaded into the shank. Each side of the small end of the connecting rod is
machined at an angle of 12 degrees in order to fit within the piston cavity.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft converts the combustion force in the cylinder into rotating torque. A vibration damper
is used at the front of the crankshaft in order to reduce the torsional vibrations.
The crankshaft drives a group of gears on the front and the rear of the engine. These gear trains
provide power for the following components: camshaft, water pump, oil pump, fuel transfer pump and
accessory items that are specific to the application.
The cylinder block has seven main bearings that support the crankshaft. The cylinder block uses four
bolts to hold each of the bearing caps into the block. Pressurized oil is supplied to all bearing surfaces
through drilled holes in the webs of the cylinder block. The oil then flows through drilled holes in the
crankshaft in order to provide oil to the connecting rod bearings.
Seals and wear sleeves are used at both ends of the crankshaft. The seals and wear sleeves are used for
easy replacement and reduction of maintenance cost.
Camshaft
The camshaft has three lobes at each cylinder. These lobes allow the camshaft to operate the unit
injector, the exhaust valves, and the inlet valves. The camshaft is supported in the cylinder head by
seven journals which are fit with bearings. The camshaft gear contains integral roller dampers that
counteract the torsional vibrations that are generated by the high fuel pressure during fuel injector
operation. The design reduces gear train noise. The camshaft is driven by a fixed idler gear which is
turned by another fixed idler gear which is turned by a cluster idler gear in the gear train. Each
bearing journal is lubricated from the oil manifold in the cylinder head. A thrust plate that is located at
the front controls the end play of the camshaft. Timing of the camshaft is accomplished by aligning
marks on the crankshaft gear and idler gear, and camshaft gear with a mark on the front timing plate.
Vibration Damper
The twisting of the crankshaft is called torsional vibration. The torsional vibration is caused by the
regular power impacts along the length of the crankshaft. The vibration damper is installed on the
front end of the crankshaft. This vibration damper is used to reduce the torsional vibrations. This
eliminates any damage that could occur to the crankshaft.
The rubber damper is made of an outer hub connected to an inner hub by a rubber ring. The rubber
makes a flexible coupling between the outer hub and the inner hub.
The viscous damper consists of a casing that is welded to the inner hub. The casing contains a steel
weight that is suspended in a viscous silicone lubricant. The silicone lubricant acts as a flexible
coupling between the weight and the inner hub.
Copyright 1993 - 2013 Caterpillar Inc. Mon Mar 18 13:05:19 UTC+0800 2013
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C27 Industrial Engine TWM00001-UP(SEBP4496 - 25) - Documentation Page 1 of 3

Product: INDUSTRIAL ENGINE

Cylinder Block Assembly

Cylinder Head Assembly

Pistons, Rings And Connecting Rods

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