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    NCERT Science Lab Manual X Expt 03

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    Mokshita Jain
    The document describes an experiment to measure the change in temperature during chemical reactions to determine if they are exothermic or endothermic. Two reactions are tested - mixing sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, and mixing barium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. The temperature change is measured and used to infer the nature of the reactions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    NCERT Science Lab Manual X Expt 03

    Uploaded by

    Mokshita Jain
    10 views3 pages
    The document describes an experiment to measure the change in temperature during chemical reactions to determine if they are exothermic or endothermic. Two reactions are tested - mixing sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, and mixing barium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. The temperature change is measured and used to infer the nature of the reactions.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document describes an experiment to measure the change in temperature during chemical reactions to determine if they are exothermic or endothermic. Two reactions are tested - mixing sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, and mixing barium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. The temperature change is measured and used to infer the nature of the reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views3 pages

    NCERT Science Lab Manual X Expt 03

    Uploaded by

    Mokshita Jain
    The document describes an experiment to measure the change in temperature during chemical reactions to determine if they are exothermic or endothermic. Two reactions are tested - mixing sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, and mixing barium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. The temperature change is measured and used to infer the nature of the reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Materials

    Experiment 3

    AIM
    To measure the change in temperature during chemical reactions and to
    conclude whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.

    THEORY
    Most of the chemical reactions are accompanied by energy changes. In some
    reactions, energy is absorbed while in some energy is released in the form of
    heat. The chemical reactions in which energy is absorbed are called
    endothermic reactions and those in which energy is released are known as
    exothermic reactions. The reaction can be identified as exothermic or
    endothermic by measuring the change in temperature of the reaction mixture.
    In this experiment the following chemical reactions can be carried out:
    (i) NaOH (aq) + HCl (g) → NaCl (g) + H2O (l); and
    (ii) Ba(OH)2.8H2O (s) + 2NH4Cl (s) → BaCl2 (aq) + 10H2O (l) + 2NH3 (aq)

    MATERIALS REQUIRED
    Sodium hydroxide solution, hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride (solid)
    and barium hydroxide (solid), weighing balance, watch glass, four beakers
    (100 mL), a thermometer (–10 ºC to 110 ºC), and a glass rod.

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    Laboratory Manual Science

    PROCEDURE
    1. Mark all the four clean beakers as 1, 2, 3, and 4.
    2. Take 20 mL of sodium hydroxide solution in beaker no. 1; 20 mL of
    hydrochloric acid in beaker no. 2; 15.75 g of barium hydroxide in
    beaker no. 3, and 5.35 g of ammonium chloride in beaker no. 4.
    3. Successively insert a thermometer in each beaker for some time
    and record their temperatures. Also record the room temperature.
    4. To see the reaction of sodium hydroxide solution with hydrochloric
    acid, pour the contents of beaker no. 1 in beaker no. 2. Quickly
    insert the thermometer in the reaction mixture. Note and record
    its initial temperature reading. Stir well the reaction mixture gently
    using a glass rod. Note and record the final temperature reading of
    the thermometer. Wash the thermometer and glass rod after noting
    the readings.
    5. Similarly, to see the reaction of barium hydroxide solution with
    ammonium chloride, pour the contents of beaker no. 3 in beaker
    no. 4. Quickly insert the thermometer in this reaction mixture.
    Note and record the initial temperature. Stir well the reaction mixture
    gently using the glass rod. Note and record the final temperature
    readings of the thermometer.

    OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS


    (i) Temperature of the sodium hydroxide solution = ___ C =___ K
    (ii) Temperature of the hydrochloric acid = ___ C =___ K
    (iii) Temperature of the barium hydroxide solution = ___ C =___ K
    (iv) Temperature of the ammonium chloride = ___ C =___ K
    (v) Room temperature = ___ C =___ K

    Sl. Reactants of Inital temperature of Final temperature of Change in


    No. the reaction the reaction mixture the reaction mixture temperature
     (C)  (C)   (C)

    1. NaOH + HCl

    2. Ba(OH)2.8H2O + 2NH4Cl

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    Materials

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


    Based on your observations for the change in tempearture in two reactions,
    infer about the nature of the two chemical reactions (exothermic or
    endothermic).
    The reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloride acid
    is _____________________ ; and the reaction between barium hydroxide
    solution and ammonium chloride is _____________________ (exothermic or
    endothermic).

    PRECAUTIONS
    • Stir the reaction mixture very gently so that there is no heat loss during
    stirring.
    • Wash the thermometer and glass rod with water before inserting it in
    another reactant or reaction mixture.

    QUESTIONS
    • The reaction between HCl and NaOH in its simplified version is
    H+ (aq) + OH– (aq) → H2O (l)
    (from acid) (from base)
    Can you assign a plausible explanation as to why the reaction
    should be exothermic?
    • Consider the changes;
    2HCl (g) → H2 (g) + Cl2 (g);
    2Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2MgO (s).
    Which according to you is exothermic change?
    • What precautions did you take while measuring the temperature
    of a reaction mixture?

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    17-04-2018

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